CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
Helical growth in plant organs: mechanisms and
... cellulose microfibrils. An alternative mechanism of coiling that is based on differential contraction within a bilayer has also recently been identified and underlies at least some of these growth patterns. Here, I provide an overview of the genes and cellular processes that underlie helical pattern ...
... cellulose microfibrils. An alternative mechanism of coiling that is based on differential contraction within a bilayer has also recently been identified and underlies at least some of these growth patterns. Here, I provide an overview of the genes and cellular processes that underlie helical pattern ...
Essential Cell Biology
... Signal can act over long or short range. There are four types of cell communication: (A) endocrine: to long distance, (B) papacrine: to nearby neighbor ...
... Signal can act over long or short range. There are four types of cell communication: (A) endocrine: to long distance, (B) papacrine: to nearby neighbor ...
Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell
... 2015). Interestingly, a recent study suggests that dimerization can occur in protoplasmic or newly secreted RG-IIs but not in those already existing in the cell wall (Chormova et al., 2014). Borate cross-linking is essential for successful expansive growth of cells by providing the cell wall with pr ...
... 2015). Interestingly, a recent study suggests that dimerization can occur in protoplasmic or newly secreted RG-IIs but not in those already existing in the cell wall (Chormova et al., 2014). Borate cross-linking is essential for successful expansive growth of cells by providing the cell wall with pr ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... wall loosening. These equations for m and Y make three predictions: (i) that transient changes in elongation rate will result from stepchanges in P. This prediction is consistent with experimental results obtained from algal [24], plant [25], and fungal cells [18,21]; (ii) that m will be larger for ...
... wall loosening. These equations for m and Y make three predictions: (i) that transient changes in elongation rate will result from stepchanges in P. This prediction is consistent with experimental results obtained from algal [24], plant [25], and fungal cells [18,21]; (ii) that m will be larger for ...
Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about
... separate cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions [55]. Several washing steps were performed to exclude cytoplasmic and membrane proteins [46]. Figure 4 shows the number of CWPs identified in the different fractions, i.e., wash vs. cell wall fractions (flax stem) and cytoplasmic vs. cell wall fractions ( ...
... separate cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions [55]. Several washing steps were performed to exclude cytoplasmic and membrane proteins [46]. Figure 4 shows the number of CWPs identified in the different fractions, i.e., wash vs. cell wall fractions (flax stem) and cytoplasmic vs. cell wall fractions ( ...
Japanese encephalitis virus replication is negatively regulated by
... China, and India.30 JEV is a neurotropic virus and clinical manifestations of the disease range from febrile syndromes to multifocal CNS disorders and death.30 In the present study we have explored the relevance of autophagy and the role of the crucial autophagy protein LC3 in the context of JEV rep ...
... China, and India.30 JEV is a neurotropic virus and clinical manifestations of the disease range from febrile syndromes to multifocal CNS disorders and death.30 In the present study we have explored the relevance of autophagy and the role of the crucial autophagy protein LC3 in the context of JEV rep ...
Plk4/SAK/ZYG-1 in the regulation of centriole
... centrioles during G1/S and the protein levels increase at both centrioles into mitosis [29]. In addition to centriole localization, Plk4/SAK protein levels are regulated and, when aberrant, centriole assembly is either amplified or decreased corresponding to levels of Plk4/SAK [30,31]. Defects resul ...
... centrioles during G1/S and the protein levels increase at both centrioles into mitosis [29]. In addition to centriole localization, Plk4/SAK protein levels are regulated and, when aberrant, centriole assembly is either amplified or decreased corresponding to levels of Plk4/SAK [30,31]. Defects resul ...
Cellulose orientation determines mechanical anisotropy in onion
... 1984). Due to this fact, data on creep analysis have been related to the parameters U and Y from the Lockhart equation (Okamoto and Okamoto, 1994; Büntemeyer et al., 1998; Thompson, 2001). A similar attempt in relation to the net microfibril orientation was undertaken in this work. Another advantag ...
... 1984). Due to this fact, data on creep analysis have been related to the parameters U and Y from the Lockhart equation (Okamoto and Okamoto, 1994; Büntemeyer et al., 1998; Thompson, 2001). A similar attempt in relation to the net microfibril orientation was undertaken in this work. Another advantag ...
Max and inhibitory c-Myc mutants induce erythroid di
... interaction between Max and either wild-type Myc or In373. Gal-Myc is the GAL4 DNA binding domain fused to c-Myc amino acids 262 ± 439, Gal-In373 contains c-Myc amino acids 262 ± 439 with an insertion of four serines at residue 373. pNLVP encodes the VP16 transactivation domain. VP-Max is Max fused ...
... interaction between Max and either wild-type Myc or In373. Gal-Myc is the GAL4 DNA binding domain fused to c-Myc amino acids 262 ± 439, Gal-In373 contains c-Myc amino acids 262 ± 439 with an insertion of four serines at residue 373. pNLVP encodes the VP16 transactivation domain. VP-Max is Max fused ...
Computational Models Reveal a Passive Mechanism for Cell
... decrease normal migration. This could be achieved by changing the direction and/or rate of cell migration, or by changing responses to apoptosis cues [9], and the implications of such changes have been investigated computationally [10,11]. Understanding cell migration in the crypt is key for further ...
... decrease normal migration. This could be achieved by changing the direction and/or rate of cell migration, or by changing responses to apoptosis cues [9], and the implications of such changes have been investigated computationally [10,11]. Understanding cell migration in the crypt is key for further ...
Plankton Biol. Ecol. 52(2), Page 67, 2005
... rus. Its maximum AP activity (3.44fmol cell"1 min"1) was potentially sufficient to maintain saturated growth rate under the phosphorus-limited condition. In contrast, F. japonica was able to use inor ganic phosphate, ADP and ATP, but not monophosphate monoester compounds as a sole phospho ...
... rus. Its maximum AP activity (3.44fmol cell"1 min"1) was potentially sufficient to maintain saturated growth rate under the phosphorus-limited condition. In contrast, F. japonica was able to use inor ganic phosphate, ADP and ATP, but not monophosphate monoester compounds as a sole phospho ...
PLANT CELL WALL PROTEINS
... by Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences on 02/12/09. For personal use only. ...
... by Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences on 02/12/09. For personal use only. ...
RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1 Regulates
... divisions. We reveal that the function of CDKA;1 in asymmetric cell divisions operates through a transcriptional regulation system that is mediated by the Arabidopsis Retinoblastoma homolog RBR1. RBR1 regulates not only cell cycle genes, but also, independent of the cell cycle transcription factor E ...
... divisions. We reveal that the function of CDKA;1 in asymmetric cell divisions operates through a transcriptional regulation system that is mediated by the Arabidopsis Retinoblastoma homolog RBR1. RBR1 regulates not only cell cycle genes, but also, independent of the cell cycle transcription factor E ...
Development
... expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation through interactions with CDKA1/cyclin complexes (Wang et al. ...
... expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation through interactions with CDKA1/cyclin complexes (Wang et al. ...
Article - Columbia University
... section. The largest cell nuclei in n. IX-X neurons were ;10 mm in their longest dimension [see Figs. 1(F) and 3(B,D) for representative neurons]. We sampled every second 10mm-thick section, thereby ensuring that the odds of counting the same cell twice were very small. This methodology, while effec ...
... section. The largest cell nuclei in n. IX-X neurons were ;10 mm in their longest dimension [see Figs. 1(F) and 3(B,D) for representative neurons]. We sampled every second 10mm-thick section, thereby ensuring that the odds of counting the same cell twice were very small. This methodology, while effec ...
Biology - Prescott Unified School District
... Explain how the two groups of prokaryotes differ. Describe the factors that are used to identify prokaryotes. Explain why bacteria are vital to maintaining the living world. Analyze author’s purpose in discussing an experiment in text, defining the question the author seeks to address (Bact Lab) ...
... Explain how the two groups of prokaryotes differ. Describe the factors that are used to identify prokaryotes. Explain why bacteria are vital to maintaining the living world. Analyze author’s purpose in discussing an experiment in text, defining the question the author seeks to address (Bact Lab) ...
PROTEIN DEPHOSPHORYLATION AND THE INTRACELLULAR
... and 2A inhibits and microinjection of a phosphatase inhibitor induces maturation of starfish oocytes (1,2). The second line of evidence consisted of two independent studies showing that i) protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are potently inhibited by okadaic acid (OA) (3,4) ...
... and 2A inhibits and microinjection of a phosphatase inhibitor induces maturation of starfish oocytes (1,2). The second line of evidence consisted of two independent studies showing that i) protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are potently inhibited by okadaic acid (OA) (3,4) ...
Cryptococcus neoformans Induces Expression of Fas Ligand in Macrophages
... or accelerate the death receptor, and to fix FasL expression in a TLR/ligand-dependent manner. In the present study, we delineate potential new therapeutic applications for GXM that exploit death receptors as key molecular targets in regulating cell-mediated cytotoxicity, immune homeostasis, and the ...
... or accelerate the death receptor, and to fix FasL expression in a TLR/ligand-dependent manner. In the present study, we delineate potential new therapeutic applications for GXM that exploit death receptors as key molecular targets in regulating cell-mediated cytotoxicity, immune homeostasis, and the ...
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects
... these misshaped cells are grossly disorganized, focused around the nucleus, whereas they were entirely missing or abnormally organized along the cell cortex. A high percentage of cells expressing nondestructible cyclin B1 had doubled DNA content as a result of undergoing endomitosis. During anaphase ...
... these misshaped cells are grossly disorganized, focused around the nucleus, whereas they were entirely missing or abnormally organized along the cell cortex. A high percentage of cells expressing nondestructible cyclin B1 had doubled DNA content as a result of undergoing endomitosis. During anaphase ...
growth of the plant cell wall - Personal.psu.edu
... genes were identified in the late 1990s through molecular and genetic studies11,12. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the CESA family contains ten genes, which are expressed in different tissues and cell types. Growing evidence from genetic experiments and gene-expression analyses indicates t ...
... genes were identified in the late 1990s through molecular and genetic studies11,12. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the CESA family contains ten genes, which are expressed in different tissues and cell types. Growing evidence from genetic experiments and gene-expression analyses indicates t ...
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects
... these misshaped cells are grossly disorganized, focused around the nucleus, whereas they were entirely missing or abnormally organized along the cell cortex. A high percentage of cells expressing nondestructible cyclin B1 had doubled DNA content as a result of undergoing endomitosis. During anaphase ...
... these misshaped cells are grossly disorganized, focused around the nucleus, whereas they were entirely missing or abnormally organized along the cell cortex. A high percentage of cells expressing nondestructible cyclin B1 had doubled DNA content as a result of undergoing endomitosis. During anaphase ...
Caspases - Essays in Biochemistry
... proteins that bind and inhibit caspases directly [15]. Studies have indicated that, unlike other caspases, pro-caspase-9 processing was necessary, but not sufficient, for catalytic activity [16]. Caspase-9 in complex with Apaf-1 seems to represent the active form of caspase-9. Thus Apaf-1 may not si ...
... proteins that bind and inhibit caspases directly [15]. Studies have indicated that, unlike other caspases, pro-caspase-9 processing was necessary, but not sufficient, for catalytic activity [16]. Caspase-9 in complex with Apaf-1 seems to represent the active form of caspase-9. Thus Apaf-1 may not si ...
cell-substratum adhesion of neurite growth cones, and its role in
... regions appear and disappear as occurs with fibroblasts [ 131. Concave portions of a leading lamella are thought to be undergoing retraction [l]. Note in fig. 27 a large concave region of a growth cone which is mostly widely separated from the substratum, but has regions of presumed adhesion at the ...
... regions appear and disappear as occurs with fibroblasts [ 131. Concave portions of a leading lamella are thought to be undergoing retraction [l]. Note in fig. 27 a large concave region of a growth cone which is mostly widely separated from the substratum, but has regions of presumed adhesion at the ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.