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Revisiting the Role of Insurance Company ALM
Revisiting the Role of Insurance Company ALM

... balance sheet at their market value, but the difference between market value and amortized cost flows through equity on the balance sheet. This is referred to as AOCI. Each quarter, assets are evaluated for impairment, and the associated realized losses flow through the income statement. In addition ...
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... International Accounting Standards, or in different working procedures at the level of firms and organisms, the treasury flows (treasury, the cash flow) are defined differentl y. Univ. Prof. Dr. Mates Dorel (Dorel Mates, Dumitru Matis, Dumitru Cotlet and collaborators, Financial Accounting of the Ec ...
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Economic Performance, Wealth Distribution and Credit
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... inequality is relevant. Since the late 90’s, it has been recognized that credit market restrictions impact on the economy and on growth.1 In this paper we study the effects on the performance of an economy of credit restrictions caused by differences in wealth of potential entrepreneurs. These diffe ...
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... that the Fed makes bank credit more available or less available to two sets of willing borrowers. During social-mood uptrends, this strategy appears to work, because the borrowers – i.e., banks and their customers — are confident, eager participants in the process. During monetary crises, the Fed’s ...
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... streams booked against longer-term revenue streams. Currency risk is similar, where corporates have domestic currency assets against foreign currency liabilities, which can arise from the fact that covariation between the exchange rate and variables that affect profitability (such as commodity price ...
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... risk function is increasingly being asked to shift away from its traditional focus on measurement, compliance, and control and toward mitigating existing challenges on credit, capital allocation, and liquidity or funding. Risk teams are now considering ways to offer a forward-looking view to support ...
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... Any partial loan payment first covers any interest that has built up. The remainder of the partial payment reduces the loan principal. Allows the borrower to receive proper interest credits. ...
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... or debit balance, deposit additional fully paid securities, or sell securities in the account to bring your account equity to be greater than the maintenance requirements. If you are unable to meet the maintenance call, Wells Fargo Advisors can sell securities or other assets in any of your accounts ...
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... one variable to grow at five percent per year and another at 10 percent can create a major imbalance over an extended timeframe. This is particularly true of balance sheet relationships. Different growth rate targets for income statement sections can quickly lead to extraordinarily high net incomes ...
Adjusted Free Cash Flow
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... coverage ratio and its leverage ratio – could result in the Company’s lenders requiring the Company to immediately repay all amounts borrowed. If the Company anticipated a potential covenant violation, it would seek relief from its lenders, which would have some cost to the Company, and such relief ...
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Securitization

Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Investors are repaid from the principal and interest cash flows collected from the underlying debt and redistributed through the capital structure of the new financing. Securities backed by mortgage receivables are called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), while those backed by other types of receivables are asset-backed securities (ABS).Critics have suggested that the complexity inherent in securitization can limit investors' ability to monitor risk, and that competitive securitization markets with multiple securitizers may be particularly prone to sharp declines in underwriting standards. Private, competitive mortgage securitization is believed to have played an important role in the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis.In addition, off-balance sheet treatment for securitizations coupled with guarantees from the issuer can hide the extent of leverage of the securitizing firm, thereby facilitating risky capital structures and leading to an under-pricing of credit risk. Off-balance sheet securitizations are believed to have played a large role in the high leverage level of U.S. financial institutions before the financial crisis, and the need for bailouts.The granularity of pools of securitized assets can mitigate the credit risk of individual borrowers. Unlike general corporate debt, the credit quality of securitized debt is non-stationary due to changes in volatility that are time- and structure-dependent. If the transaction is properly structured and the pool performs as expected, the credit risk of all tranches of structured debt improves; if improperly structured, the affected tranches may experience dramatic credit deterioration and loss.Securitization has evolved from its beginnings in the late 18th century to an estimated outstanding of $10.24 trillion in the United States and $2.25 trillion in Europe as of the 2nd quarter of 2008. In 2007, ABS issuance amounted to $3.455 trillion in the US and $652 billion in Europe. WBS (Whole Business Securitization) arrangements first appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, and became common in various Commonwealth legal systems where senior creditors of an insolvent business effectively gain the right to control the company.
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