Mirror neurons and the social nature of language
... neurons has changed our views on the relations among action perception and cognition, and has boosted a renewed interest in the neuroscientific investigation of the social aspects of primate cognition. Experiments by Umiltà et al. (2001) showed that F5 mirror neurons are also activated during the o ...
... neurons has changed our views on the relations among action perception and cognition, and has boosted a renewed interest in the neuroscientific investigation of the social aspects of primate cognition. Experiments by Umiltà et al. (2001) showed that F5 mirror neurons are also activated during the o ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... several classes of neurons from the optic neuropils of the crab Chasmagnathus by their response to visual and tactile stimuli. Amongst these classes, there is a generic group of large tangential neurons from the lobula that share a clear preference for motion stimuli. Intracellular dye injections re ...
... several classes of neurons from the optic neuropils of the crab Chasmagnathus by their response to visual and tactile stimuli. Amongst these classes, there is a generic group of large tangential neurons from the lobula that share a clear preference for motion stimuli. Intracellular dye injections re ...
Seventeen
... lost by desquamation. Observations in animals indicate that although some cells die without reaching maturity, olfactory neurons probably are lost by wear and tear rather than because of an innately short life span, In the hurrran nose, ...
... lost by desquamation. Observations in animals indicate that although some cells die without reaching maturity, olfactory neurons probably are lost by wear and tear rather than because of an innately short life span, In the hurrran nose, ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... The cortex of every mammal seems to be divided into areas, each with a specialized role. The original identification of these areas was based on tiny differences of cell types and cell distributions and led to maps of cortical areas due to Brodmann and others. There are, of course, species differenc ...
... The cortex of every mammal seems to be divided into areas, each with a specialized role. The original identification of these areas was based on tiny differences of cell types and cell distributions and led to maps of cortical areas due to Brodmann and others. There are, of course, species differenc ...
On the role of primary motor cortex in arm movement
... rather than individual response types (Kalaska et al., 1989). Because of the redundancy in the M1-tomuscle mapping, the same pattern of muscle activity can be generated with an infinite family of M1 activation patterns. How the brain chooses one of them is an interesting question which we address se ...
... rather than individual response types (Kalaska et al., 1989). Because of the redundancy in the M1-tomuscle mapping, the same pattern of muscle activity can be generated with an infinite family of M1 activation patterns. How the brain chooses one of them is an interesting question which we address se ...
Computing auditory perception - Machine Learning Group, TU Berlin
... According to Meddis and Hewitt (1991), the synapse of the hair cell is formalised as a dynamic system consisting of four elements (figure 2(b)). In this model, the activity transmitted by the hair cell to the auditory nerve is considered proportional to the number of neurotransmitters c(t) in the syn ...
... According to Meddis and Hewitt (1991), the synapse of the hair cell is formalised as a dynamic system consisting of four elements (figure 2(b)). In this model, the activity transmitted by the hair cell to the auditory nerve is considered proportional to the number of neurotransmitters c(t) in the syn ...
Translocation of RNA Granules in Living Neurons
... compared with one taken with a Resorufin filter (p/n 41010 with excitation and emission spectra of 570 6 5 and 600 6 25 nm; Chroma Technology, Brattleboro, VT) that detected both SYTO 14- and Mitotracker-labeled objects. Signals between the two images were compared with a line scan that generated si ...
... compared with one taken with a Resorufin filter (p/n 41010 with excitation and emission spectra of 570 6 5 and 600 6 25 nm; Chroma Technology, Brattleboro, VT) that detected both SYTO 14- and Mitotracker-labeled objects. Signals between the two images were compared with a line scan that generated si ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... The cortex of every mammal seems to be divided into areas, each with a specialized role. The original identification of these areas was based on tiny differences of cell types and cell distributions and led to maps of cortical areas due to Brodmann and others. There are, of course, species differenc ...
... The cortex of every mammal seems to be divided into areas, each with a specialized role. The original identification of these areas was based on tiny differences of cell types and cell distributions and led to maps of cortical areas due to Brodmann and others. There are, of course, species differenc ...
Neurons in the mouse deep superior colliculus encode
... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
Chapter 2 - TC Online
... Major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and synaptic plasticity ...
... Major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and synaptic plasticity ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... According to current terminology, the perirhinal cortex in the monkey brain (Murray and Bussey 1999) includes cytoarchitectonic areas 35 and 36 in the rhinal sulcus. It is, however, extended laterally and caudally in comparison to earlier cytoarchitectonic maps of Brodmann (1909). Laterally, the per ...
... According to current terminology, the perirhinal cortex in the monkey brain (Murray and Bussey 1999) includes cytoarchitectonic areas 35 and 36 in the rhinal sulcus. It is, however, extended laterally and caudally in comparison to earlier cytoarchitectonic maps of Brodmann (1909). Laterally, the per ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... The dendritic spread of these neurons is visible over about 200 pn, a figure commensurate with the cross-sectional width of the labeled patches. HRP-positive neurons occur both in the center and near the edges of a labeled zone, with some bias toward the center. In radially cut sections, axon fibers ...
... The dendritic spread of these neurons is visible over about 200 pn, a figure commensurate with the cross-sectional width of the labeled patches. HRP-positive neurons occur both in the center and near the edges of a labeled zone, with some bias toward the center. In radially cut sections, axon fibers ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
... advances we have made over the last 100 years have allowed us to now consider processes on an individual level and use computational techniques to be able to simulate them. This project considers the paper Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks (Diesmann, Gewaltig, & A ...
... advances we have made over the last 100 years have allowed us to now consider processes on an individual level and use computational techniques to be able to simulate them. This project considers the paper Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks (Diesmann, Gewaltig, & A ...
BvP neurons exhibit a larger variety in statistics of inter
... of (CV,SK) lie outside of the small region, and the magnitude of the deviations correspond to input correlations on a scale of hundreds of milliseconds in the LIF model.2) The relationship between input and output statistics generally depends on the spiking mechanism of the neuron. It is known that ...
... of (CV,SK) lie outside of the small region, and the magnitude of the deviations correspond to input correlations on a scale of hundreds of milliseconds in the LIF model.2) The relationship between input and output statistics generally depends on the spiking mechanism of the neuron. It is known that ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... Traditionally, it has been assumed that the understanding of actions performed by others depends on inferential reasoning.1–3 Theoretically, when we witness the actions of others, the information could initially be subjected to sensory processing and then be sent to higher order ‘association’ areas ...
... Traditionally, it has been assumed that the understanding of actions performed by others depends on inferential reasoning.1–3 Theoretically, when we witness the actions of others, the information could initially be subjected to sensory processing and then be sent to higher order ‘association’ areas ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... that the strength of a cross-correlation may function as a code for stimulus-induced changes, a code that may provide better discrimination than the firing rate of the individual units of the neuron pair. The monograph by Abeles ( 1982) in addition stressed the statistical nature of the cortex with ...
... that the strength of a cross-correlation may function as a code for stimulus-induced changes, a code that may provide better discrimination than the firing rate of the individual units of the neuron pair. The monograph by Abeles ( 1982) in addition stressed the statistical nature of the cortex with ...
Imitation, mirror neurons and autism
... This demonstrates input from the sight of movements to the neural system involved in motor control of the same movements. Several functional imaging studies have noted that the sight of hand actions produces activity in frontal regions (premotor cortex and Broca's area) [53,54], which may be homolog ...
... This demonstrates input from the sight of movements to the neural system involved in motor control of the same movements. Several functional imaging studies have noted that the sight of hand actions produces activity in frontal regions (premotor cortex and Broca's area) [53,54], which may be homolog ...
Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
... the former re¯ecting primarily the output of a neural population (within approximately a couple of hundred microns of the electrode tip13,14), and the latter mostly a weighted average of synchronized dendro-somatic components of the input signals of a neural population (within a few millimetres of t ...
... the former re¯ecting primarily the output of a neural population (within approximately a couple of hundred microns of the electrode tip13,14), and the latter mostly a weighted average of synchronized dendro-somatic components of the input signals of a neural population (within a few millimetres of t ...
The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of
... apparent that this one anatomic structure of neurons can create an astounding number of spatiotemporal patterns, making the brain a network of high complexity (Sporns, 2011; Bullmore and Sporns, 2012; Rigotti et al., 2013). Natural selection prefers high complexity systems as they can reconfigure th ...
... apparent that this one anatomic structure of neurons can create an astounding number of spatiotemporal patterns, making the brain a network of high complexity (Sporns, 2011; Bullmore and Sporns, 2012; Rigotti et al., 2013). Natural selection prefers high complexity systems as they can reconfigure th ...
file
... pathology in more detail. Early microglial activation in Cln5 ko mice was documented by immunohistochemical staining and thresholding image analysis. Early defective myelination was also observed in vitro and in vivo, prominently in the superficial laminae of the cortex but not in white matter struc ...
... pathology in more detail. Early microglial activation in Cln5 ko mice was documented by immunohistochemical staining and thresholding image analysis. Early defective myelination was also observed in vitro and in vivo, prominently in the superficial laminae of the cortex but not in white matter struc ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... somatosensory cortices PV, PL, PM. Whisker movement is processed by association of primary motor cortex, and cognitive processes affecting whisker-related active touch can be studied in the prefrontal/premotor cortical areas (PFPM). Whisker representations are highlighted. ...
... somatosensory cortices PV, PL, PM. Whisker movement is processed by association of primary motor cortex, and cognitive processes affecting whisker-related active touch can be studied in the prefrontal/premotor cortical areas (PFPM). Whisker representations are highlighted. ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... perform the same, ‘old’ functions across extant species; rather, the emotional brain of primates can be thought of as a palimpsest in evolutionary terms. Even the function of homologous structures across species may have been co-opted for new or species-specific purposes. Thus, even as we refer to c ...
... perform the same, ‘old’ functions across extant species; rather, the emotional brain of primates can be thought of as a palimpsest in evolutionary terms. Even the function of homologous structures across species may have been co-opted for new or species-specific purposes. Thus, even as we refer to c ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable ...
... from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... with a rate code. The two different curves correspond to two different spike statistics of the spike train, a Poisson and an exponential probability of spike counts. Spike trains with exponential spike distributions can convey the maximum information with a rate code for ...
... with a rate code. The two different curves correspond to two different spike statistics of the spike train, a Poisson and an exponential probability of spike counts. Spike trains with exponential spike distributions can convey the maximum information with a rate code for ...
Psychology Chapter A - Oxford University Press
... the railway tracks out of the station directly to Cape Town. Similarly, the message travels down the neuron axon which transmits the message to other neurons. The axon goes straight to the terminal buttons or axon terminals (this would be Cape Town station for the train on which you are travelling). ...
... the railway tracks out of the station directly to Cape Town. Similarly, the message travels down the neuron axon which transmits the message to other neurons. The axon goes straight to the terminal buttons or axon terminals (this would be Cape Town station for the train on which you are travelling). ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.