A Split-LexA-based Concatenate Expression System for
... To generate more restricted expression patterns, combinatorial systems have been developed that make transgene expression dependent upon the activity of two promoters. Several techniques couple Gal4-mediated expression to an excision event mediated by an independently targeted recombinase, such as t ...
... To generate more restricted expression patterns, combinatorial systems have been developed that make transgene expression dependent upon the activity of two promoters. Several techniques couple Gal4-mediated expression to an excision event mediated by an independently targeted recombinase, such as t ...
Stimulation of GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum and its effect
... involved in locomotion, orientation, and attention (Risold & Swanson, 1997). On the other hand, the caudal region of the LS is in a position to modulate the hippocampal theta-rhythm that is activated in locomotor behavior through its projections to the medial septum and supramammillary nucleus (Ste ...
... involved in locomotion, orientation, and attention (Risold & Swanson, 1997). On the other hand, the caudal region of the LS is in a position to modulate the hippocampal theta-rhythm that is activated in locomotor behavior through its projections to the medial septum and supramammillary nucleus (Ste ...
View the Program Guide - International Society for Stem Cell Research
... The Stem Cell Models of Neural Regeneration and Disease International Symposium is located in the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) Research Center and Cluster of Excellence at the TU Dresden. All program sessions will be in The Auditorium, Ground Floor. The Tuesday, 2 February Break- ...
... The Stem Cell Models of Neural Regeneration and Disease International Symposium is located in the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) Research Center and Cluster of Excellence at the TU Dresden. All program sessions will be in The Auditorium, Ground Floor. The Tuesday, 2 February Break- ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... 1988). Recent retinotopic mapping (Figure 1B) of this region using fMRI has provided evidence that it is bounded posteriorly by V3 and anteriorly by dorsal and ventral V4A. While gross retinotopy in V4 is well understood, some important aspects of its organization are still debated. These issues inc ...
... 1988). Recent retinotopic mapping (Figure 1B) of this region using fMRI has provided evidence that it is bounded posteriorly by V3 and anteriorly by dorsal and ventral V4A. While gross retinotopy in V4 is well understood, some important aspects of its organization are still debated. These issues inc ...
2/ the biological perspective - College Test bank
... Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scanning) – X-ray photography unit rotates around the body, producing a 3-D image. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a magnetic field captures energy released by different structures of the brain. Functional Imaging – techniques that look at the brain’s ...
... Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scanning) – X-ray photography unit rotates around the body, producing a 3-D image. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a magnetic field captures energy released by different structures of the brain. Functional Imaging – techniques that look at the brain’s ...
weiten6_PPT04
... Fig 4.45 – Sound, the physical stimulus for hearing. (a) Like light, sound travels in waves— in this case, waves of air pressure. A smooth curve would represent a pure tone, such as that produced by a tuning fork. Most sounds, however, are complex. For example, the wave shown here is for middle C p ...
... Fig 4.45 – Sound, the physical stimulus for hearing. (a) Like light, sound travels in waves— in this case, waves of air pressure. A smooth curve would represent a pure tone, such as that produced by a tuning fork. Most sounds, however, are complex. For example, the wave shown here is for middle C p ...
The limbic system
... behavior. Chemosensory efferents from the main and accessory olfactory systems project to the medial amygdala (MeA). MeA sends direct and indirect innervations (through the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) to the medial preoptic area (MPOA). MPOA and MeA receive genitosensory input from the spin ...
... behavior. Chemosensory efferents from the main and accessory olfactory systems project to the medial amygdala (MeA). MeA sends direct and indirect innervations (through the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) to the medial preoptic area (MPOA). MPOA and MeA receive genitosensory input from the spin ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...
... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... which occurs in older mice, as a compounding factor (n ⫽ 10 mice/ group, half male and half female). Behavioral testing in the open field. The open field locomotor test was used to determine basal activity levels of study subjects (total move time) during a 15 min session. Spontaneous activity in an ...
... which occurs in older mice, as a compounding factor (n ⫽ 10 mice/ group, half male and half female). Behavioral testing in the open field. The open field locomotor test was used to determine basal activity levels of study subjects (total move time) during a 15 min session. Spontaneous activity in an ...
SECTION A.1 – ELECTRICAL IMBALANCE IN AUTISM A. Evidence
... synapses in an important portion of the brain called the cerebellum, a structure that provides an electrical filtering role for the brain, controlling and attenuating sensory information flowing up the peripheral nervous system. Even more importantly, as discussed in detail in the appendix to this s ...
... synapses in an important portion of the brain called the cerebellum, a structure that provides an electrical filtering role for the brain, controlling and attenuating sensory information flowing up the peripheral nervous system. Even more importantly, as discussed in detail in the appendix to this s ...
The neural basis of puberty and adolescence
... being part of a developmental clock, they may simply act as downstream mechanisms governing GnRH synthesis and release. Identification of master regulatory genes directing the unique maturational component of the first and most important transition to fertility remains an unsolved part of the pubert ...
... being part of a developmental clock, they may simply act as downstream mechanisms governing GnRH synthesis and release. Identification of master regulatory genes directing the unique maturational component of the first and most important transition to fertility remains an unsolved part of the pubert ...
2/ the biological perspective - test bank and solution manual for your
... Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scanning) – X-ray photography unit rotates around the body, producing a 3-D image. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a magnetic field captures energy released by different structures of the brain. Functional Imaging – techniques that look at the brain’s ...
... Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scanning) – X-ray photography unit rotates around the body, producing a 3-D image. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a magnetic field captures energy released by different structures of the brain. Functional Imaging – techniques that look at the brain’s ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... Long–Evans hooded rats (n ⫽ 17) were used in this study. They were bred in the University of Utah animal facility from stock purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All procedures used on animals were reviewed and approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee and were consistent with N ...
... Long–Evans hooded rats (n ⫽ 17) were used in this study. They were bred in the University of Utah animal facility from stock purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All procedures used on animals were reviewed and approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee and were consistent with N ...
Suppression of Neural Responses to Nonoptimal Stimuli Correlates
... An increase in the firing rate of a neuron, as measured extracellularly, will be termed an “enhancement” of the neuron’s response relative to some baseline. Similarly, a decrease in the firing rate of a neuron will be termed a “suppression” of the neuron’s response. Enhancement and suppression are a ...
... An increase in the firing rate of a neuron, as measured extracellularly, will be termed an “enhancement” of the neuron’s response relative to some baseline. Similarly, a decrease in the firing rate of a neuron will be termed a “suppression” of the neuron’s response. Enhancement and suppression are a ...
How Do We See the World?
... If the sensory world is merely a creation of the brain, it follows that different brains might create different sensory experiences, even among members of the same species. To demonstrate this fact, consider the color red. We perceive red because there are cells in our eyes that are activated by cer ...
... If the sensory world is merely a creation of the brain, it follows that different brains might create different sensory experiences, even among members of the same species. To demonstrate this fact, consider the color red. We perceive red because there are cells in our eyes that are activated by cer ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... acepromazine maleate (1.1 mg/kg). The surface of the tegmentum overlying DNLL was surgically exposed. Saline solutions of ‘H-leucine (‘HLeu; 50-200 mCi/ml; specific activity, 58 Ci/mmol; ICN Radiochemicals #20036) mixed with either 10% HRP (Boehringer Mannheim) or 0.7-1.2% wheat germ agglutinin conj ...
... acepromazine maleate (1.1 mg/kg). The surface of the tegmentum overlying DNLL was surgically exposed. Saline solutions of ‘H-leucine (‘HLeu; 50-200 mCi/ml; specific activity, 58 Ci/mmol; ICN Radiochemicals #20036) mixed with either 10% HRP (Boehringer Mannheim) or 0.7-1.2% wheat germ agglutinin conj ...
Neuronal rebound spiking, resonance frequency and theta
... with index s and hs represents the activation of the h current in each stellate cell. H[.] computes output using a Heaviside or step function (0 for vs , h, 1 for vs . h, where hs is the stellate cell threshold). The variable vi represents the membrane potentials of interneurons, which also generate ...
... with index s and hs represents the activation of the h current in each stellate cell. H[.] computes output using a Heaviside or step function (0 for vs , h, 1 for vs . h, where hs is the stellate cell threshold). The variable vi represents the membrane potentials of interneurons, which also generate ...
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex - LIRA-Lab
... F. Conti et al. / Brain Research Reviews 45 (2004) 196–212 ...
... F. Conti et al. / Brain Research Reviews 45 (2004) 196–212 ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
PDF
... dendrites (Mugnaini et al., 1994). Microtubules (Fig. 3A, arrows) are prominent in dendrites, especially those of granule cells. Finally, the very thin, tightly packed glial filaments (Fig. 3A, double arrows) identify glial processes. The mossy fiber glomerulus is a characteristic structure of the g ...
... dendrites (Mugnaini et al., 1994). Microtubules (Fig. 3A, arrows) are prominent in dendrites, especially those of granule cells. Finally, the very thin, tightly packed glial filaments (Fig. 3A, double arrows) identify glial processes. The mossy fiber glomerulus is a characteristic structure of the g ...
nervous system part 6 EEG, walkfulness and sleep
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
Document
... • The action potential causes the release of the neurotransmitter • The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and is received by the postsynaptic cell ...
... • The action potential causes the release of the neurotransmitter • The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and is received by the postsynaptic cell ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Shandong University
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
EEG - pressthebar
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
... Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... Benjamin Boutrel, PhD; George F. Koob, PhD Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute ...
... Benjamin Boutrel, PhD; George F. Koob, PhD Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.