GHG Market Sentiment Survey 2015
... mechanism could stimulate private investment in green infrastructure while there was demand for the credits generated.” But have these markets delivered meaningful emissions reductions to date? The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) stimulated low-carbon investment in developing countries. There has ...
... mechanism could stimulate private investment in green infrastructure while there was demand for the credits generated.” But have these markets delivered meaningful emissions reductions to date? The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) stimulated low-carbon investment in developing countries. There has ...
ieta - ghg market sentiment survey
... In the year since the last IETA Report Phase II EUA prices have fallen from highs above €30 in June 2008 to below €9 in February 2009. They have since recovered, hovering between €14 - €15 for the first half of May; however many market analysts have given overall average price forecasts for 2009 wel ...
... In the year since the last IETA Report Phase II EUA prices have fallen from highs above €30 in June 2008 to below €9 in February 2009. They have since recovered, hovering between €14 - €15 for the first half of May; however many market analysts have given overall average price forecasts for 2009 wel ...
The Role of Developing Countries in the Continuation of the Kyoto
... treaty itself, or through trade consequences with other countries (Saxe, 2008). This could result in reputational concerns (i.e. the criticism that Canada has incurred by not meeting or striving for their Kyoto Protocol emission targets), particularly with countries who have worked hard to meet thei ...
... treaty itself, or through trade consequences with other countries (Saxe, 2008). This could result in reputational concerns (i.e. the criticism that Canada has incurred by not meeting or striving for their Kyoto Protocol emission targets), particularly with countries who have worked hard to meet thei ...
svcrproc
... world economy used to analyze the effects of climate stabilization policies (Kainuma et al. 1999). The model divides the world into 21 geopolitical regions. To analyze the impacts of the Kyoto Protocol, Annex B countries are categorized into the following regions: Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the ...
... world economy used to analyze the effects of climate stabilization policies (Kainuma et al. 1999). The model divides the world into 21 geopolitical regions. To analyze the impacts of the Kyoto Protocol, Annex B countries are categorized into the following regions: Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the ...
front cover
... Nobody should underestimate the task faced by climate negotiators this year, nor its urgency. Climate change is already contributing to severe droughts, floods and hurricanes, and spreading diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. It is damaging critical ecosystems including the Great Barrier Reef ...
... Nobody should underestimate the task faced by climate negotiators this year, nor its urgency. Climate change is already contributing to severe droughts, floods and hurricanes, and spreading diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. It is damaging critical ecosystems including the Great Barrier Reef ...
The FAOSTAT Emissions Database
... A preliminary activity of FAO MAGHG was to link directly with IPCC at the outset of its activities, in order to jointly analyze needs and gaps toward improving emission data collection and reporting activities, and to provide key recommendations. With regard to improved measurement and reporting of ...
... A preliminary activity of FAO MAGHG was to link directly with IPCC at the outset of its activities, in order to jointly analyze needs and gaps toward improving emission data collection and reporting activities, and to provide key recommendations. With regard to improved measurement and reporting of ...
What is a Carbon Footprint?
... its climate change impact will usually first calculate its carbon footprint and then identify areas of its operations where emissions reductions can be made. Most of the time it will not be possible to reduce a carbon footprint to zero, and companies may choose to invest in projects that generate em ...
... its climate change impact will usually first calculate its carbon footprint and then identify areas of its operations where emissions reductions can be made. Most of the time it will not be possible to reduce a carbon footprint to zero, and companies may choose to invest in projects that generate em ...
3.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
... contribute to the GHG pollution that threatens public health and welfare. ...
... contribute to the GHG pollution that threatens public health and welfare. ...
Why Have Climate Negotiations Proved So Disappointing?
... 2007). Moreover, we don’t know the quantity of global emissions (expressed, perhaps, as a cumulative sum) needed to meet any particular concentration target, due to uncertainty in the carbon cycle. For example, there is uncertainty about how much of the CO2 emitted will be taken up by soils and the ...
... 2007). Moreover, we don’t know the quantity of global emissions (expressed, perhaps, as a cumulative sum) needed to meet any particular concentration target, due to uncertainty in the carbon cycle. For example, there is uncertainty about how much of the CO2 emitted will be taken up by soils and the ...
UK climate change policy and legislation
... for major container terminal developments • The plan reports that the launch of trials for longer semi-trailers will enable industry to remove vehicles off the road, whilst an £8 million fund announced in the Logistics Growth Review will pump prime investment in low emission hgvs and supporting inf ...
... for major container terminal developments • The plan reports that the launch of trials for longer semi-trailers will enable industry to remove vehicles off the road, whilst an £8 million fund announced in the Logistics Growth Review will pump prime investment in low emission hgvs and supporting inf ...
Climate Change: Federal Laws and Policies Updated January 28, 2008
... evolved from a “study only” to a “study and action” orientation in 1992 with completion of the UNFCCC in Rio de Janeiro.4 Both nationally and internationally, much of the debate over policies to address climate change has focused on energy use, because fossil fuel consumption is the main source of g ...
... evolved from a “study only” to a “study and action” orientation in 1992 with completion of the UNFCCC in Rio de Janeiro.4 Both nationally and internationally, much of the debate over policies to address climate change has focused on energy use, because fossil fuel consumption is the main source of g ...
CRS Report for Congress Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Conflicting Situations, Conflicting Perspectives
... by all nations) and what actions should be “differentiated” (i.e., undertaken only by developed ones). Under the UNFCCC and the subsequent Kyoto Protocol, common actions include the responsibility to monitor and report emissions; differentiated actions include the commitment to reduce emissions to a ...
... by all nations) and what actions should be “differentiated” (i.e., undertaken only by developed ones). Under the UNFCCC and the subsequent Kyoto Protocol, common actions include the responsibility to monitor and report emissions; differentiated actions include the commitment to reduce emissions to a ...
A Portfolio System of Climate Treaties
... emissions should be reduced 20 percent from the 1988 level by 2005. Through 2004, however, global emissions increased 32 percent. 3 This conception of the challenge has thus not helped. Of course, from the perspective of the climate, only global emissions matter, and so there is a logic to expressin ...
... emissions should be reduced 20 percent from the 1988 level by 2005. Through 2004, however, global emissions increased 32 percent. 3 This conception of the challenge has thus not helped. Of course, from the perspective of the climate, only global emissions matter, and so there is a logic to expressin ...
to read our complete analysis of Australia`s fossil fuel companies
... lack thereof, is the lack of consistent reporting, preventing scrutiny by the broader public and comparison between peers. In order to address these issues, the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures was established by the (G20) Financial Stability Board to formulate guidelines for volu ...
... lack thereof, is the lack of consistent reporting, preventing scrutiny by the broader public and comparison between peers. In order to address these issues, the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures was established by the (G20) Financial Stability Board to formulate guidelines for volu ...
PDF
... educing global greenhouse gas emissions has become one of the most serious challenges ever to face the international community. In spite of a small number of dissenting views, which frequently attract media attention, there is a robust scientific consensus that climate change represents an extraordi ...
... educing global greenhouse gas emissions has become one of the most serious challenges ever to face the international community. In spite of a small number of dissenting views, which frequently attract media attention, there is a robust scientific consensus that climate change represents an extraordi ...
CARBON NEUTRAL STRATEGY 2015–2025
... from our own operations, and we have a long-standing target to have carbon neutral operations by 2020 (first adopted in 2008). We reduced our carbon emissions by 60% between 1994 and 2009–10. After reaching this target, in 2011 we adopted the Energy Management Action Plan 2011–2015, which establishe ...
... from our own operations, and we have a long-standing target to have carbon neutral operations by 2020 (first adopted in 2008). We reduced our carbon emissions by 60% between 1994 and 2009–10. After reaching this target, in 2011 we adopted the Energy Management Action Plan 2011–2015, which establishe ...
Nota di lavoro 1998.010 - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... in 1992, has been signed by more than 150 nations. In Article 2 the FCCC states its objective to be the stabilization of “atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. In Article 4, the FCCC obligates the i ...
... in 1992, has been signed by more than 150 nations. In Article 2 the FCCC states its objective to be the stabilization of “atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. In Article 4, the FCCC obligates the i ...
Costs of Climate Policy when Pollution Affects Health and Labour
... Climate Change raised the issue of ancillary effects of climate change policies in its Third Assessment Report (Markandya and Halsnaes 1999, Munasinghe 2000). For example, measures to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, such as a tax on the carbon content of fuel, may also reduce other pollutants ...
... Climate Change raised the issue of ancillary effects of climate change policies in its Third Assessment Report (Markandya and Halsnaes 1999, Munasinghe 2000). For example, measures to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, such as a tax on the carbon content of fuel, may also reduce other pollutants ...
PDF
... This fact indicates the nature of GHG emissions which makes it difficult to find political solutions either on a global or a national scale. Unlike most other environmental problems GHGs influence the entire global climate system independent of the exact location of their emission. Hence, the incent ...
... This fact indicates the nature of GHG emissions which makes it difficult to find political solutions either on a global or a national scale. Unlike most other environmental problems GHGs influence the entire global climate system independent of the exact location of their emission. Hence, the incent ...
Compensation for "Meaningful Participation" in
... developing countries. Claussen and McNeilly w4x propose that a weighted consideration of ‘‘responsibility, standard of living, and opportunity’’ should be used to assign emissions permits to developing countries. Frankel w9x and Baumert et al. w2x suggest that developing countries select emissions t ...
... developing countries. Claussen and McNeilly w4x propose that a weighted consideration of ‘‘responsibility, standard of living, and opportunity’’ should be used to assign emissions permits to developing countries. Frankel w9x and Baumert et al. w2x suggest that developing countries select emissions t ...
Emissions de gaz à effet de serre dans le contexte d`un
... Inertia (current emissions), equity (population), blended (50-50 split) Emissions trading would allow additional sharing of the quota, together with financial transfers Source: Raupach et al 2014 ...
... Inertia (current emissions), equity (population), blended (50-50 split) Emissions trading would allow additional sharing of the quota, together with financial transfers Source: Raupach et al 2014 ...
PDF
... Although a global cap-and-trade system1 is seen by many researchers as the most costefficient solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, developing countries governments refuse to enter into such a system in the short term, i.e. in 2013, when the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ends. ...
... Although a global cap-and-trade system1 is seen by many researchers as the most costefficient solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, developing countries governments refuse to enter into such a system in the short term, i.e. in 2013, when the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ends. ...
Climate Change Case Law Update
... taken that the best way for aviation to contribute to the “goal of climate stabilisation” would be through “a well-designed emissions trading regime” (para 3.39). 14 In October 2006 the Stern Review on “the Economics of Climate Challenge” was published. In the words of the claimants' expert (Mr Lock ...
... taken that the best way for aviation to contribute to the “goal of climate stabilisation” would be through “a well-designed emissions trading regime” (para 3.39). 14 In October 2006 the Stern Review on “the Economics of Climate Challenge” was published. In the words of the claimants' expert (Mr Lock ...
![[LSE COPY]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008799154_1-8283355e41dc631201cd6854f3516621-300x300.png)
[LSE COPY]
... later belief that the SR significantly underestimated the costs of failure to reduce GHG emissions. 12 In the global warming economic literature, this issue has largely been discussed in terms of assessing the claimed correlation between growth and a reduction of polluting activity per unit of growt ...
... later belief that the SR significantly underestimated the costs of failure to reduce GHG emissions. 12 In the global warming economic literature, this issue has largely been discussed in terms of assessing the claimed correlation between growth and a reduction of polluting activity per unit of growt ...
vsi09 cc Grunewald 10154389 en
... get cheap CERs and therewith fulfill their obligations at low costs , or even to promote sustainable development. The CDM aims on four goals: First of all, it shall integrate developing countries in the international framework on environmental regulations by not putting any costly obligations on tho ...
... get cheap CERs and therewith fulfill their obligations at low costs , or even to promote sustainable development. The CDM aims on four goals: First of all, it shall integrate developing countries in the international framework on environmental regulations by not putting any costly obligations on tho ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.