Chapter 2: Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules
... only of carbon and hydrogen. They include: – alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) – alkenes (double bond) – alkynes (triple bond) – Aromatics (double and single bonds in conjugation) ...
... only of carbon and hydrogen. They include: – alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) – alkenes (double bond) – alkynes (triple bond) – Aromatics (double and single bonds in conjugation) ...
Unit 2 - Carbon Compounds
... o The alkanes are a subset of the set of hydrocarbons. o The general formula for the alkanes is CnH2n+2. o An alkane can be identified from the ‘-ane’ ending. o Straight-chain alkanes can be named from molecular formulae, shortened and full structural formulae (only C1 to C8). ...
... o The alkanes are a subset of the set of hydrocarbons. o The general formula for the alkanes is CnH2n+2. o An alkane can be identified from the ‘-ane’ ending. o Straight-chain alkanes can be named from molecular formulae, shortened and full structural formulae (only C1 to C8). ...
Chemical Bingo: Naming Review
... • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons • Simply put, a saturated hydrocarbon has no double bonds between the carbon atoms • Therefore, there is a maximum number of hydrogens present ...
... • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons • Simply put, a saturated hydrocarbon has no double bonds between the carbon atoms • Therefore, there is a maximum number of hydrogens present ...
Course Notes
... - the electron pair is shared almost equally in a C-C bond or a C-H bond so hydrocarbon molecules are NONPOLAR so alkanes are not attracted to water (because “like dissolves like” and water is polar) - alkanes are held together by weak Van der Waals forces, therefore, they often exist as gases and h ...
... - the electron pair is shared almost equally in a C-C bond or a C-H bond so hydrocarbon molecules are NONPOLAR so alkanes are not attracted to water (because “like dissolves like” and water is polar) - alkanes are held together by weak Van der Waals forces, therefore, they often exist as gases and h ...
Science Class 10 Notes for Carbon and its Compounds
... Formation of covalent bond : Covalent bond formation involves sharing of electrons between bonding atoms which may be either same or different. Covalency : The number of electrons contributed by an atom for sharing is known as its covalency. Characteristics of covalent compounds : (i) These compound ...
... Formation of covalent bond : Covalent bond formation involves sharing of electrons between bonding atoms which may be either same or different. Covalency : The number of electrons contributed by an atom for sharing is known as its covalency. Characteristics of covalent compounds : (i) These compound ...
CH 3
... • Boiling Points: Compounds with hydrogen bonding have higher than expected boiling points: at SATP, C2H6 = gas but CH3OH = liquid. • Solubilities: Compounds with hydrogen bonds are usually soluble in water (a polar molecule): C6H14 = insoluble in water but C5H11OH = soluble in water. • Solubility d ...
... • Boiling Points: Compounds with hydrogen bonding have higher than expected boiling points: at SATP, C2H6 = gas but CH3OH = liquid. • Solubilities: Compounds with hydrogen bonds are usually soluble in water (a polar molecule): C6H14 = insoluble in water but C5H11OH = soluble in water. • Solubility d ...
CH 3
... • Boiling Points: Compounds with hydrogen bonding have higher than expected boiling points: at SATP, C2H6 = gas but CH3OH = liquid. • Solubilities: Compounds with hydrogen bonds are usually soluble in water (a polar molecule): C6H14 = insoluble in water but C5H11OH = soluble in water. • Solubility d ...
... • Boiling Points: Compounds with hydrogen bonding have higher than expected boiling points: at SATP, C2H6 = gas but CH3OH = liquid. • Solubilities: Compounds with hydrogen bonds are usually soluble in water (a polar molecule): C6H14 = insoluble in water but C5H11OH = soluble in water. • Solubility d ...
Carbon
... The Formation of Bonds with Carbon • With four valence electrons, carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms • This ability makes large, complex molecules possible • In molecules with multiple carbons, each carbon bonded to four other atoms has a tetrahedral shape • However, when t ...
... The Formation of Bonds with Carbon • With four valence electrons, carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms • This ability makes large, complex molecules possible • In molecules with multiple carbons, each carbon bonded to four other atoms has a tetrahedral shape • However, when t ...
Alcohols
... Optical Isomers A form of stereoisomerism • In stereoisomerism, the atoms making up the isomers are joined up in the same order, but still ...
... Optical Isomers A form of stereoisomerism • In stereoisomerism, the atoms making up the isomers are joined up in the same order, but still ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Alex Science Department
... 1) Alkyl halides have higher melting points and boiling points than alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms… - with alkane molecules, there are only London forces involved - with alkyl halides there are dipole-dipole forces involved too - the dipole-dipole forces are stronger and thus more ener ...
... 1) Alkyl halides have higher melting points and boiling points than alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms… - with alkane molecules, there are only London forces involved - with alkyl halides there are dipole-dipole forces involved too - the dipole-dipole forces are stronger and thus more ener ...
Functional Groups and nomenclature Major concepts Stable
... 9. Application to Medicine: Antihistamines are drugs commonly used to treat allergy symptoms. Newer antihistamines are blockbuster drugs because they do not cause drowsiness (due to the fact that they don’t cross the blood-brain barrier.) The structure of fexofenadine (Allegra) is shown below. How m ...
... 9. Application to Medicine: Antihistamines are drugs commonly used to treat allergy symptoms. Newer antihistamines are blockbuster drugs because they do not cause drowsiness (due to the fact that they don’t cross the blood-brain barrier.) The structure of fexofenadine (Allegra) is shown below. How m ...
Section 5b and c: crude oil and synthetic polymers Fractional
... called monomers. Each polymer chain is made from thousands of monomer units. Examples of monomers are ethane, glucose, amino acids, … There are two types of polymerization reactions: addition and condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization This type of polymerization can only be carried out ...
... called monomers. Each polymer chain is made from thousands of monomer units. Examples of monomers are ethane, glucose, amino acids, … There are two types of polymerization reactions: addition and condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization This type of polymerization can only be carried out ...
5.6 Structure and properties of polymers 12.2 Alkenes 5.3 Bonds
... The –OH group can be oxidised by strong oxidising agents such as acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The orange dichromate(VI) ion, Cr2O72-(aq) is reduced to green Cr3+(aq). In this reaction two atoms of hydrogen are removed – one from the oxygen atom and one from the carbon atom so oxidation will n ...
... The –OH group can be oxidised by strong oxidising agents such as acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The orange dichromate(VI) ion, Cr2O72-(aq) is reduced to green Cr3+(aq). In this reaction two atoms of hydrogen are removed – one from the oxygen atom and one from the carbon atom so oxidation will n ...
Chemistry 11 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... CH3-CH-CH3 Naming Branched Alkanes Since there are so many compounds possible it is very important to identify a particular compound by giving it a unique name. IUPAC has proposed a set of rules to use in naming branched carbon chains. 1. Name the parent chain (longest continuous chain). 2. Identify ...
... CH3-CH-CH3 Naming Branched Alkanes Since there are so many compounds possible it is very important to identify a particular compound by giving it a unique name. IUPAC has proposed a set of rules to use in naming branched carbon chains. 1. Name the parent chain (longest continuous chain). 2. Identify ...
Notetakers
... Rule #1: Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms a) The longest chain of carbon atoms gives the stem/root of the name as shown in the table below: # of C-atoms in longest chain ...
... Rule #1: Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms a) The longest chain of carbon atoms gives the stem/root of the name as shown in the table below: # of C-atoms in longest chain ...
CH 10
... • Reactions involving organohalides are less frequently encountered than other organic compounds, but reactions such as nucleophilic substitutions/eliminations that they undergo will be encountered • Alkyl halide chemistry is model for mechanistically similar but more complex ...
... • Reactions involving organohalides are less frequently encountered than other organic compounds, but reactions such as nucleophilic substitutions/eliminations that they undergo will be encountered • Alkyl halide chemistry is model for mechanistically similar but more complex ...
Assertion-reason question
... Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement. The 1st statement is false while the 2nd statement is true. Both statements are false. ...
... Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement. The 1st statement is false while the 2nd statement is true. Both statements are false. ...
File - Mr Weng`s IB Chemistry
... • A homologous series is a series of compounds of the same family, with the same general formula, which differ from each other by a common structural unit. • Structural formulas can be represented in full and condensed format. • Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but di ...
... • A homologous series is a series of compounds of the same family, with the same general formula, which differ from each other by a common structural unit. • Structural formulas can be represented in full and condensed format. • Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but di ...
Lecture 8-physical properties.pptx
... • Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides possess the carbonyl group, a carbon–oxygen double bond, but differ in the atom or group of atoms connected to the carbon of the carbonyl group. • The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde is directly connected to at least one hydrogen. • The ...
... • Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides possess the carbonyl group, a carbon–oxygen double bond, but differ in the atom or group of atoms connected to the carbon of the carbonyl group. • The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde is directly connected to at least one hydrogen. • The ...
Organic Chemistry
... Hydrogen forms 1 bond (H breaks the octet rule) Halogens form 1 bond (all have 7 valence e-) ...
... Hydrogen forms 1 bond (H breaks the octet rule) Halogens form 1 bond (all have 7 valence e-) ...
Carbon and its Compounds
... Formation of covalent bond : Covalent bond formation involves sharing of electrons between bonding atoms which may be either same or different. Covalency : The number of electrons contributed by an atom for sharing is known as its covalency. Characteristics of covalent compounds : (i) These compound ...
... Formation of covalent bond : Covalent bond formation involves sharing of electrons between bonding atoms which may be either same or different. Covalency : The number of electrons contributed by an atom for sharing is known as its covalency. Characteristics of covalent compounds : (i) These compound ...
Chapter 12
... of butane in the left-hand structure shown above should rightly be butane because there are four carbon atoms in its backbone. The isomer depicted in the right-hand structure has only a threecarbon backbone, and so it has the base name propane. ...
... of butane in the left-hand structure shown above should rightly be butane because there are four carbon atoms in its backbone. The isomer depicted in the right-hand structure has only a threecarbon backbone, and so it has the base name propane. ...
Functional Groups
... consequence of relatively free rotations about the carbon-carbon single bonds. These rotations give rise to different conformations. However, with the exception of small-ring molecules, the alkanes, as compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen, are relatively weakly reactive substances. Most org ...
... consequence of relatively free rotations about the carbon-carbon single bonds. These rotations give rise to different conformations. However, with the exception of small-ring molecules, the alkanes, as compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen, are relatively weakly reactive substances. Most org ...
Functional Groups - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... • Many hydrocarbons contain C-H bonds which are weak dipoles. The several C-H bonds partially cancel each other out. There C-H bonds contribute very little to the polarity of a hydrocarbon – they are neglected when considering the polarity of the molecule ...
... • Many hydrocarbons contain C-H bonds which are weak dipoles. The several C-H bonds partially cancel each other out. There C-H bonds contribute very little to the polarity of a hydrocarbon – they are neglected when considering the polarity of the molecule ...
Functional Groups
... Indicating position of the functional group: shown by a number inserted before the functional group ending. The number refers to the carbon atom to which the functional group is attached when the chain is numbered starting at the end that will give the smallest number to the group. ...
... Indicating position of the functional group: shown by a number inserted before the functional group ending. The number refers to the carbon atom to which the functional group is attached when the chain is numbered starting at the end that will give the smallest number to the group. ...
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and all bonds are single bonds. Alkanes (technically, always acyclic or open-chain compounds) have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. For example, Methane is CH4, in which n=1 (n being the number of Carbon atoms). Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a molecular mass of 14.03u (mass of a methanediyl group, —CH2—, one carbon atom of mass 12.01u, and two hydrogen atoms of mass ≈1.01u each). There are two main commercial sources: petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas.Each carbon atom has 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom is joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds). A series of linked carbon atoms is known as the carbon skeleton or carbon backbone. The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane e.g., C2-alkane.An alkyl group, generally abbreviated with the symbol R, is a functional group or side-chain that, like an alkane, consists solely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, for example a methyl or ethyl group.The simplest possible alkane (the parent molecule) is methane, CH4. There is no limit to the number of carbon atoms that can be linked together, the only limitation being that the molecule is acyclic, is saturated, and is a hydrocarbon. Waxes include examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than about 17, above which the compounds are solids at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP).Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity. All alkanes are colourless and odourless. Alkanes can be viewed as a molecular tree upon which can be hung the more biologically active/reactive portions (functional groups) of the molecule.