Bacterial Filament Systems: Toward Understanding Their Emergent
... the membrane. Together, these activities cause all three components to oscillate between cell poles, creating a time-averaged minimum of MinC at mid-cell (53). Reconstitutions of MinCDE and FtsZ in three-dimensional cell-shaped compartments demonstrated that MinCDE together form a time-averaged bipo ...
... the membrane. Together, these activities cause all three components to oscillate between cell poles, creating a time-averaged minimum of MinC at mid-cell (53). Reconstitutions of MinCDE and FtsZ in three-dimensional cell-shaped compartments demonstrated that MinCDE together form a time-averaged bipo ...
A Nanobody-Based System Using Fluorescent Proteins as Scaffolds
... The induced transcription output in 293T cells was found to be dependent on all components of the system, as removal of GFP, DBDG, or ADG from the transfection mixture resulted in loss of reporter activity (Figures 2B and S1). Reporter induction was further dependent on the ability of GBP to bind to ...
... The induced transcription output in 293T cells was found to be dependent on all components of the system, as removal of GFP, DBDG, or ADG from the transfection mixture resulted in loss of reporter activity (Figures 2B and S1). Reporter induction was further dependent on the ability of GBP to bind to ...
Calcium Activation of ERK Mediated by Calmodulin Kinase I
... most closely related to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the stress-activated kinase, p38 (1). ERK activation plays a role, largely through regulation of gene transcription, in a number of cellular processes including cellular proliferation, DNA synthesis, differentiation, and cellular survival ...
... most closely related to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the stress-activated kinase, p38 (1). ERK activation plays a role, largely through regulation of gene transcription, in a number of cellular processes including cellular proliferation, DNA synthesis, differentiation, and cellular survival ...
The functional diversity of essential genes required for mammalian
... such as Alk3, Alk2, and Bmpr2 mutants mirror these phenotypes with lethality occurring by E9.5 due to absence of mesoderm-derived structures (Beppu et al., 2000; Gu et al., 1999; Mishina et al., 1995). Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) function is also required for cardiac development. Fgf8 knockout mi ...
... such as Alk3, Alk2, and Bmpr2 mutants mirror these phenotypes with lethality occurring by E9.5 due to absence of mesoderm-derived structures (Beppu et al., 2000; Gu et al., 1999; Mishina et al., 1995). Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) function is also required for cardiac development. Fgf8 knockout mi ...
The role of AMPK and CREB-1 in the regulation of mitochondrial
... chain complexes. We chose the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) as promising candidates, which could control the process of mitochondrial proliferation. To analyze whether AMPK regulates the cytochrome c promoter, a cell line stably expressing a c ...
... chain complexes. We chose the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) as promising candidates, which could control the process of mitochondrial proliferation. To analyze whether AMPK regulates the cytochrome c promoter, a cell line stably expressing a c ...
Inducible depletion of adult skeletal muscle stem cells impairs the
... skeletal muscle (Murphy et al., 2011; Relaix and Zammit, 2012). We employed 1-2 mm sciatic nerve transection (SNT) to disrupt lower-limb NMJs. This form of surgery leads to complete denervation of adult NMJs. Although delayed, reinnervation as assessed by immunofluorescence (IF) and physiological me ...
... skeletal muscle (Murphy et al., 2011; Relaix and Zammit, 2012). We employed 1-2 mm sciatic nerve transection (SNT) to disrupt lower-limb NMJs. This form of surgery leads to complete denervation of adult NMJs. Although delayed, reinnervation as assessed by immunofluorescence (IF) and physiological me ...
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... risk of developing colonic cancer. So, within the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, hyperproliferation might be a relatively early event leading towards an increased susceptibility to colonic cancer. Bile acids possibly play an important inter mediate role in this process. It has to be kept in mind, howe ...
... risk of developing colonic cancer. So, within the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, hyperproliferation might be a relatively early event leading towards an increased susceptibility to colonic cancer. Bile acids possibly play an important inter mediate role in this process. It has to be kept in mind, howe ...
Relationship of angiogenesis factor in synovial fluid to various joint
... dialysable angiogenesis factor. It has proved difficult to unbound material influences the number of posito test directly the whole synovial aspirate or the tive results obtained by the dialysis method. Whether retentate after dialysis, and so we have developed an or not the amount of carrier relati ...
... dialysable angiogenesis factor. It has proved difficult to unbound material influences the number of posito test directly the whole synovial aspirate or the tive results obtained by the dialysis method. Whether retentate after dialysis, and so we have developed an or not the amount of carrier relati ...
Epigenetics, the holy grail in the pathogenesis of
... display a persistently activated phenotype characterized by excessive production of collagen, increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in vitro [10]. Moreover, SSc FBs exhibit increased responsiveness to and production of cytokines and chemokines—in particular, TGF-b [17, 18] and cytokines in ...
... display a persistently activated phenotype characterized by excessive production of collagen, increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in vitro [10]. Moreover, SSc FBs exhibit increased responsiveness to and production of cytokines and chemokines—in particular, TGF-b [17, 18] and cytokines in ...
The Forces Behind Cell Movement
... of the actin cytoskeleton and the transition from one actin structure to another is vital in enabling the cell to change its elastic properties rapidly, and this dynamic response is fundamental for movement. AFs in vivo can assemble into different structures such as networks and bundles. Mesh-like a ...
... of the actin cytoskeleton and the transition from one actin structure to another is vital in enabling the cell to change its elastic properties rapidly, and this dynamic response is fundamental for movement. AFs in vivo can assemble into different structures such as networks and bundles. Mesh-like a ...
PDF
... Maternal mRNA in ascidian development actin isoforms in Styela (Tomlinson & Jeffery, 1986). The major actin isoforms, however, are not present in every adult tissue. Two basic actin isoforms, which probably correspond to the vertebrate /? and y cytoskeletal actins, are present in body wall muscle, ...
... Maternal mRNA in ascidian development actin isoforms in Styela (Tomlinson & Jeffery, 1986). The major actin isoforms, however, are not present in every adult tissue. Two basic actin isoforms, which probably correspond to the vertebrate /? and y cytoskeletal actins, are present in body wall muscle, ...
The unique proline-rich domain of parotid proline
... tG and PROPTH-tG The cDNA for tG was a gift from Dr J. Rose and was cloned into the pLEN expression vector (Neufeld et al., 1987). The signal and propeptide sequences of preproPTH with added 5′ SalI and 3′ HindIII sites were synthesized by PCR, inserted into pBluescript, and the primary structure wa ...
... tG and PROPTH-tG The cDNA for tG was a gift from Dr J. Rose and was cloned into the pLEN expression vector (Neufeld et al., 1987). The signal and propeptide sequences of preproPTH with added 5′ SalI and 3′ HindIII sites were synthesized by PCR, inserted into pBluescript, and the primary structure wa ...
Mesoderm and Endoderm Formation
... criteria is either: 1. A member of the TGF-ßs superfamily 2. A member of the FGF superfamily ...
... criteria is either: 1. A member of the TGF-ßs superfamily 2. A member of the FGF superfamily ...
Oxidative Stress Contributes to Autophagy
... in the C. reinhardtii genome (Lemaire and MiginiacMaslow, 2004; Filonova et al., 2013). Rb60 seems to ...
... in the C. reinhardtii genome (Lemaire and MiginiacMaslow, 2004; Filonova et al., 2013). Rb60 seems to ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... and pollen-rescued sec6 mutant embryos have been reported to have a canonical keule-like phenotype, with multinucleate cells and cell wall stubs (Wu et al., 2013). However, such cytokinesis defects were not observed in embryo lethal sec3a exocyst mutants of Arabidopsis (Zhang et al., 2013). In brief ...
... and pollen-rescued sec6 mutant embryos have been reported to have a canonical keule-like phenotype, with multinucleate cells and cell wall stubs (Wu et al., 2013). However, such cytokinesis defects were not observed in embryo lethal sec3a exocyst mutants of Arabidopsis (Zhang et al., 2013). In brief ...
A Role for Neuregulin1 Signaling in Muscle Spindle Differentiation
... functional roles of Ig domain-containing isoforms expressed by sensory neurons are unclear, since mouse mutants lacking these isoforms die from cardiac defects at early embryonic stages (Meyer and Birchmeier, 1995; Kramer et al., 1996). In this study, we have used the early expression of the transcr ...
... functional roles of Ig domain-containing isoforms expressed by sensory neurons are unclear, since mouse mutants lacking these isoforms die from cardiac defects at early embryonic stages (Meyer and Birchmeier, 1995; Kramer et al., 1996). In this study, we have used the early expression of the transcr ...
Visualization of an endogenous retinoic acid gradient across
... local degradation of RA, as proposed previously4–6. Such [RA]i gradients depending on RA degradation were also observed during somitogenesis (Supplementary Fig. 11). In the zebrafish mutant giraffe (gir) containing a mutation in the cyp26a1 gene, there are patterning defects in various organs22. We ...
... local degradation of RA, as proposed previously4–6. Such [RA]i gradients depending on RA degradation were also observed during somitogenesis (Supplementary Fig. 11). In the zebrafish mutant giraffe (gir) containing a mutation in the cyp26a1 gene, there are patterning defects in various organs22. We ...
Computational Models Reveal a Passive Mechanism for Cell
... growths in normal-appearing colonic mucosa, which progress into CRC, usually much earlier than in sporadic cases [14,15]. ...
... growths in normal-appearing colonic mucosa, which progress into CRC, usually much earlier than in sporadic cases [14,15]. ...
Figure 2 - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... LBR, ligand binding region. The asterisk ‘*’ indicates that in a few cases only an LBR at the C-terminal extension of the TM regions is found (Lacal et al., 2010). ...
... LBR, ligand binding region. The asterisk ‘*’ indicates that in a few cases only an LBR at the C-terminal extension of the TM regions is found (Lacal et al., 2010). ...
Influence of Notch on dorsoventral
... compartmentalization (Micchelli and Blair, 1999; Rauskolb et al., 1999), but there are crucial differences between the action of Notch at the DV boundary and that of Hh at the AP boundary. Signaling between dorsal and ventral compartments is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional. Additionally, n ...
... compartmentalization (Micchelli and Blair, 1999; Rauskolb et al., 1999), but there are crucial differences between the action of Notch at the DV boundary and that of Hh at the AP boundary. Signaling between dorsal and ventral compartments is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional. Additionally, n ...
At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall
... between cell wall and extracellular domains is not necessarily specific and the reduced lateral diffusion reported of the proteins in the presence of an intact cell wall can be explained by steric interference. Moreover, mutations in CesA subunits block the apical-basal localization of PINs in prima ...
... between cell wall and extracellular domains is not necessarily specific and the reduced lateral diffusion reported of the proteins in the presence of an intact cell wall can be explained by steric interference. Moreover, mutations in CesA subunits block the apical-basal localization of PINs in prima ...
