Lecture 5
... process. But again, the main goal here is to make NADH. You will notice that FADH2 is also made. You don’t need to worry about knowing the difference between NADH and FADH2. For our purposes, you can assume they work the same way. Step 4-The Electron Transport Chain: In the Electron Transport Chain, ...
... process. But again, the main goal here is to make NADH. You will notice that FADH2 is also made. You don’t need to worry about knowing the difference between NADH and FADH2. For our purposes, you can assume they work the same way. Step 4-The Electron Transport Chain: In the Electron Transport Chain, ...
lec33_F2015
... to water. Note that the oxygen only serves as a final acceptor of electrons in this process. In many organisms other compounds besides oxygen can serve as electron sinks, allowing organisms to perform 'oxidative' phosphorylation in the absence of O2. The actual synthesis of ATP is from a proton grad ...
... to water. Note that the oxygen only serves as a final acceptor of electrons in this process. In many organisms other compounds besides oxygen can serve as electron sinks, allowing organisms to perform 'oxidative' phosphorylation in the absence of O2. The actual synthesis of ATP is from a proton grad ...
AP Biology Discussion Notes Thursday 121516
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentati ...
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentati ...
Metabolism - Glycolysis
... reactions that converts -D-glucose into pyruvate and energy (2 ATP and 2 NADH) Reactions 1-5 (Energy-investing or preparatory phase) ...
... reactions that converts -D-glucose into pyruvate and energy (2 ATP and 2 NADH) Reactions 1-5 (Energy-investing or preparatory phase) ...
chapter outline - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... reactions), which are used to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (dark reactions) B. Light reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis 1. Oxygenic photosynthesis generates molecular oxygen when light energy is converted to chemical energy; this process is found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria 2. Ch ...
... reactions), which are used to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (dark reactions) B. Light reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis 1. Oxygenic photosynthesis generates molecular oxygen when light energy is converted to chemical energy; this process is found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria 2. Ch ...
CHAPTERS 23-25
... Requires a supply of NAD+ and FAD Two carbon atoms enter the cycle as an acetyl unit and two carbon atoms leave the cycle as CO2 In one cycle four redox reactions produce 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 One molecule of GTP is generated Fig 23.7 page 719 Citrate synthetase is an allosteric enzyme that ...
... Requires a supply of NAD+ and FAD Two carbon atoms enter the cycle as an acetyl unit and two carbon atoms leave the cycle as CO2 In one cycle four redox reactions produce 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 One molecule of GTP is generated Fig 23.7 page 719 Citrate synthetase is an allosteric enzyme that ...
Biology 105
... has three parts: adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose (5 carbon sugar) and three phosphates ...
... has three parts: adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose (5 carbon sugar) and three phosphates ...
Chemistry of beer
... Charlie Papazian (founder of American Homebrewers Association and the Great American Beer Festival) ...
... Charlie Papazian (founder of American Homebrewers Association and the Great American Beer Festival) ...
Cellular Respiration notes Cellular respiration is
... membrane of the mitochondria. b) Through a series of reactions, "high energy" electrons are passed to oxygen. In the process, a gradient is formed, and ultimately ATP is produced. ...
... membrane of the mitochondria. b) Through a series of reactions, "high energy" electrons are passed to oxygen. In the process, a gradient is formed, and ultimately ATP is produced. ...
The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
... cycle of reactions called the Krebs cycle. The common pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules which mostly is acetyl CoA ,the product from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate It enters the cycle and passes ten steps of reactions that yield energy and CO2 These reactions can only occ ...
... cycle of reactions called the Krebs cycle. The common pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules which mostly is acetyl CoA ,the product from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate It enters the cycle and passes ten steps of reactions that yield energy and CO2 These reactions can only occ ...
simple basic metabolism
... In stage I of metabolism, the processes of digestion break down the large macromolecules into small monomer ...
... In stage I of metabolism, the processes of digestion break down the large macromolecules into small monomer ...
Energy Conversion pt 2
... The reactants are the parts that combine together on the right side of the equation, they form the products. They are what goes in. In respiration, the reactants are one glucose molecule and The products are the result of the reactants six molecules of oxygen. going through the process. They are on ...
... The reactants are the parts that combine together on the right side of the equation, they form the products. They are what goes in. In respiration, the reactants are one glucose molecule and The products are the result of the reactants six molecules of oxygen. going through the process. They are on ...
Flip Folder 4 KEY - Madison County Schools
... 1. Free E of the electrons is used to actively transport H+ ions (a.k.a. called protons) into the inner thylakoid space The H+ ion concentration [H+] goes up inside the space. This causes the pH to decrease and become more acidic. The [H+] goes down in the stroma. The stroma becomes more basic. As t ...
... 1. Free E of the electrons is used to actively transport H+ ions (a.k.a. called protons) into the inner thylakoid space The H+ ion concentration [H+] goes up inside the space. This causes the pH to decrease and become more acidic. The [H+] goes down in the stroma. The stroma becomes more basic. As t ...
BI211StudyObjectivesChapters6
... 7. Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows it to transfer a phosphate group. Discuss the central role of ATP in the overall energy metabolism of the cell. 8. Relate the transfer of electrons to the transfer of energy. 9. Explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy of activation for a r ...
... 7. Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows it to transfer a phosphate group. Discuss the central role of ATP in the overall energy metabolism of the cell. 8. Relate the transfer of electrons to the transfer of energy. 9. Explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy of activation for a r ...
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration
... • There are other electron “carrier” molecules that function like NAD+. – They form a staircase where the electrons pass from one to the next down the staircase. – These electron carriers collectively are called the electron transport chain. – As electrons are transported down the chain, ATP is gene ...
... • There are other electron “carrier” molecules that function like NAD+. – They form a staircase where the electrons pass from one to the next down the staircase. – These electron carriers collectively are called the electron transport chain. – As electrons are transported down the chain, ATP is gene ...
Chapter 12: Bioenergetics
... common C2 and C4 molecules These C2/C4 molecules enter the center of the mitochondria where they are “processed” by the citric acid pathway The citric acid pathway gives H+ and e- which are used to generate NADH and FADH2 These are e-, H+, and energy carrier molecules These are used by proteins on t ...
... common C2 and C4 molecules These C2/C4 molecules enter the center of the mitochondria where they are “processed” by the citric acid pathway The citric acid pathway gives H+ and e- which are used to generate NADH and FADH2 These are e-, H+, and energy carrier molecules These are used by proteins on t ...
Concept 1 - Phillips Scientific Methods
... a. Describe the journey of a single carbon atom from glucose in cellular respiration b. Describe the journey of a single hydrogen atom from glucose in cellular respiration (a and b answered together) Glucose moves into the cell via a protein channel (because glucose is hydrophilic). Two molecules of ...
... a. Describe the journey of a single carbon atom from glucose in cellular respiration b. Describe the journey of a single hydrogen atom from glucose in cellular respiration (a and b answered together) Glucose moves into the cell via a protein channel (because glucose is hydrophilic). Two molecules of ...
Study Guide: Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Plant
... what type of inhibitors? How do they work? 7. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) by binding at a site distinct from the substrate binding site. What type of enzyme activation is this? ...
... what type of inhibitors? How do they work? 7. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) by binding at a site distinct from the substrate binding site. What type of enzyme activation is this? ...
kines fo realz - CCVI
... Aerobic: Glucose which is converted into Acetyl-CoA and then pyruvate. Used to provide hydrogens for ATP oxidization. Vo2 Max The maximum amount of oxygen your body can utilize during aerobic oxidation. Often used as a test of individual fitness. Lactate Threshold ...
... Aerobic: Glucose which is converted into Acetyl-CoA and then pyruvate. Used to provide hydrogens for ATP oxidization. Vo2 Max The maximum amount of oxygen your body can utilize during aerobic oxidation. Often used as a test of individual fitness. Lactate Threshold ...
Kin 310 Exercise/Work Physiology
... – oxidation - removal of electrons – reduction - addition of electrons ...
... – oxidation - removal of electrons – reduction - addition of electrons ...
PPT slides - USD Biology
... acids into the Krebs cycle Note that different amino acids enter as different Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
... acids into the Krebs cycle Note that different amino acids enter as different Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
Grade 12 Review Answers
... controversial, but include enhanced weight loss and increased endurance levels during physical exercise. Infer how taking pyruvate as a dietary supplement could lead to these effects. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and the starting reactant for the Krebs cycle Miss out on production of ...
... controversial, but include enhanced weight loss and increased endurance levels during physical exercise. Infer how taking pyruvate as a dietary supplement could lead to these effects. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and the starting reactant for the Krebs cycle Miss out on production of ...
Chapter 11 Problem Set
... If a membrane protein cannot be cleaved by a protease added from the outside of the intact membrane containing it, then it is likely located on the other side of the bilayer. Because protein X is not cleaved by proteases unless the red blood cell membrane has first been disrupted, the data indicate ...
... If a membrane protein cannot be cleaved by a protease added from the outside of the intact membrane containing it, then it is likely located on the other side of the bilayer. Because protein X is not cleaved by proteases unless the red blood cell membrane has first been disrupted, the data indicate ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.