Cellular Respiration
... Krebs Cycle: pyruvic acid is used to produce carbon dioxide, NADH, ATP and FADH2. Sometimes called the citric acid cycle because citric acid is first formed. ...
... Krebs Cycle: pyruvic acid is used to produce carbon dioxide, NADH, ATP and FADH2. Sometimes called the citric acid cycle because citric acid is first formed. ...
Guided Reading Activities
... 1. What must proteins be broken down into before they can be burned as energy? Refer to Figure 6.15 on page 102 in your textbook. 2. Fats are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic. Use this information to explain why humans store the majority of their excess energy as fat and not carbo ...
... 1. What must proteins be broken down into before they can be burned as energy? Refer to Figure 6.15 on page 102 in your textbook. 2. Fats are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic. Use this information to explain why humans store the majority of their excess energy as fat and not carbo ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... Energy from the flow of electrons maintains a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane This proton gradient drives the synthesis of ATP. This process is called “oxidative phosphorylation” ...
... Energy from the flow of electrons maintains a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane This proton gradient drives the synthesis of ATP. This process is called “oxidative phosphorylation” ...
Chapter 7
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
Lecture 28, Apr 7
... of the membrane. The resulting difference in pH and electric charge across the membrane is a form of stored energy. The only path available for protons to travel back across the membrane to neutralize the pH and electric charge on both sides of the membrane is through ATP synthase, an enzyme complex ...
... of the membrane. The resulting difference in pH and electric charge across the membrane is a form of stored energy. The only path available for protons to travel back across the membrane to neutralize the pH and electric charge on both sides of the membrane is through ATP synthase, an enzyme complex ...
Energy Systems and Muscle Fibre Types
... - increases number and size of mitochondria within the muscle fibres - increases the activity of enzymes (Krebs cycle) - preferential use of fats over glycogen during exercise ...
... - increases number and size of mitochondria within the muscle fibres - increases the activity of enzymes (Krebs cycle) - preferential use of fats over glycogen during exercise ...
Lecture #9
... donate electrons into electron transport chain • Electron transport • Electron is donated to nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite & other oxidized inorganic, external terminal electron acceptors, but not to O2. ...
... donate electrons into electron transport chain • Electron transport • Electron is donated to nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite & other oxidized inorganic, external terminal electron acceptors, but not to O2. ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview
... • Another prochiral molecule—enzyme makes L‐malate exclusively • Hydration reaction sets up another oxidation ...
... • Another prochiral molecule—enzyme makes L‐malate exclusively • Hydration reaction sets up another oxidation ...
Nutrition Power Point
... the re-synthesis of ATP during the initial stages of exercise This occurs quickly and is important during hard exercise Short lived—works for 20 seconds and then you need another way of getting ATP Give an example of during what sport you may use this energy system? ...
... the re-synthesis of ATP during the initial stages of exercise This occurs quickly and is important during hard exercise Short lived—works for 20 seconds and then you need another way of getting ATP Give an example of during what sport you may use this energy system? ...
Cellular respiration 1
... Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ mitochondria ...
... Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ mitochondria ...
exam 1 1 soln
... O2 is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation. Without O2, oxidative phosphorylation does not occur, so ATP is only generated from glycolysis via fermentation. Glycolysis only produces 2 ATP for every glucose molecule whereas oxidative phosphorylation produces 36 ATP for every gluco ...
... O2 is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation. Without O2, oxidative phosphorylation does not occur, so ATP is only generated from glycolysis via fermentation. Glycolysis only produces 2 ATP for every glucose molecule whereas oxidative phosphorylation produces 36 ATP for every gluco ...
Metabolism
... VI. Explain the structure and hydrolysis of ATP VII. Recognize how ATP works and is coupled to metabolism VIII.Recognize how ATP is regenerated ...
... VI. Explain the structure and hydrolysis of ATP VII. Recognize how ATP works and is coupled to metabolism VIII.Recognize how ATP is regenerated ...
lecture11&12-RS_Major Metabolic Pathways of
... release from cells of pancreas increase intracellular level of cAMP activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases phosphorylation and inactivation of PK. Dephosphorylation of PK by phosphoprotein phosphatase reactivation of the enzyme. ...
... release from cells of pancreas increase intracellular level of cAMP activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases phosphorylation and inactivation of PK. Dephosphorylation of PK by phosphoprotein phosphatase reactivation of the enzyme. ...
Glycolysis is the major oxidative pathway for glucose
... release from cells of pancreas increase intracellular level of cAMP activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases phosphorylation and inactivation of PK. Dephosphorylation of PK by phosphoprotein phosphatase reactivation of the enzyme. ...
... release from cells of pancreas increase intracellular level of cAMP activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases phosphorylation and inactivation of PK. Dephosphorylation of PK by phosphoprotein phosphatase reactivation of the enzyme. ...
ch3a FA11 - Cal State LA
... 3) No effect on thermodynamics of rxn a) Do not supply E b) Do not determine [product]/[reactant] ratio (Keq) c) Do accelerate rate of reaction (kinetics) 4) Highly specific for substrate/reactant 5) Very few side reactions (i.e. very “clean”) 6) Subject to regulation No relationship between G and ...
... 3) No effect on thermodynamics of rxn a) Do not supply E b) Do not determine [product]/[reactant] ratio (Keq) c) Do accelerate rate of reaction (kinetics) 4) Highly specific for substrate/reactant 5) Very few side reactions (i.e. very “clean”) 6) Subject to regulation No relationship between G and ...
Chapter 9 – Respiration
... acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration • Cellular respiration produces 32 ATP per glucose molecule; fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration • Cellular respiration produces 32 ATP per glucose molecule; fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
File - SBI
... 8. Why isn't anaerobic respiration effective for larger organisms? a. The energy yield is too small b. It causes too much glucose to be burned up c. It results in products that may be toxic to the organism d. NAD+ is lost over time because it can't be regenerated e. Only d is false 9. More ATP is pr ...
... 8. Why isn't anaerobic respiration effective for larger organisms? a. The energy yield is too small b. It causes too much glucose to be burned up c. It results in products that may be toxic to the organism d. NAD+ is lost over time because it can't be regenerated e. Only d is false 9. More ATP is pr ...
2 hours
... 8. An example of an oxidation reaction would be A) the conversion of succinate to fumarate using FAD. B) the addition of carbon dioxide to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. C) the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. D) the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. E) none of the above. Answer: A 9. An example of ...
... 8. An example of an oxidation reaction would be A) the conversion of succinate to fumarate using FAD. B) the addition of carbon dioxide to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. C) the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. D) the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. E) none of the above. Answer: A 9. An example of ...
File
... 48. Which of the following metabolic poisons will interfere with Glycolysis? a. Rotenone and Antimycin; electron transport inhibitors b. Carbony cyanide p-rifluoromethoxyle; Mimics 3D structure of glucose and cannot be metabolized by the cell. c. Malonate; Succinate (citric acid cycle) dehydrogenase ...
... 48. Which of the following metabolic poisons will interfere with Glycolysis? a. Rotenone and Antimycin; electron transport inhibitors b. Carbony cyanide p-rifluoromethoxyle; Mimics 3D structure of glucose and cannot be metabolized by the cell. c. Malonate; Succinate (citric acid cycle) dehydrogenase ...
lecture CH23 chem131pikul
... • The electron transport chain provides the energy to pump H+ ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • The concentration of H+ ions in the inter membrane space becomes higher than that inside the matrix creating a potential energy gradient. • To return to the matrix, H+ ions travel thro ...
... • The electron transport chain provides the energy to pump H+ ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • The concentration of H+ ions in the inter membrane space becomes higher than that inside the matrix creating a potential energy gradient. • To return to the matrix, H+ ions travel thro ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... The bacteria's cleaning power comes from their ability to "inhale" toxic metals and "exhale" them in a non-toxic form, explains team member Brian Lower, assistant professor in the School of Environment and Natural Resources at Ohio State University. Using a unique combination of microscopes, researc ...
... The bacteria's cleaning power comes from their ability to "inhale" toxic metals and "exhale" them in a non-toxic form, explains team member Brian Lower, assistant professor in the School of Environment and Natural Resources at Ohio State University. Using a unique combination of microscopes, researc ...
9/2/08 Transcript I - UAB School of Optometry
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.