Anaerobic glycolysis
... oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactate, and recycles (wastes) NADH -> NAD+ • Key enzymes of glycolysis are regulated: hexokinase, PFK-1, pyruvate kinase, PDH C ...
... oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactate, and recycles (wastes) NADH -> NAD+ • Key enzymes of glycolysis are regulated: hexokinase, PFK-1, pyruvate kinase, PDH C ...
Mitochondrial Lab - University of Colorado Denver
... Competitive Inhibitors resemble the normal substrate -but cannot be turned into product—so they tie up enzymes by binding to their active site. Malonate is a molecule that looks like succinate, but it cannot be made into fumaric acid (product) so malonate is a competitive inhibitor. Malonate is in ...
... Competitive Inhibitors resemble the normal substrate -but cannot be turned into product—so they tie up enzymes by binding to their active site. Malonate is a molecule that looks like succinate, but it cannot be made into fumaric acid (product) so malonate is a competitive inhibitor. Malonate is in ...
Fatty Acid oxidation
... So, 7 NADH, each provide 3 ATP when oxidized in the ETC 7X3=21 ATP 7 FADH2 each provide 2 ATP when oxidized in the ETC 7x 2=14 ATP 8 acetyl ~Co A , each provides 12 ATP when converted to CO2& H2O by the TCA cycle 8x12= 96 ATP So total energy yield of oxidation of palmitoyl ~Co A = 21 + 14 + 96 ...
... So, 7 NADH, each provide 3 ATP when oxidized in the ETC 7X3=21 ATP 7 FADH2 each provide 2 ATP when oxidized in the ETC 7x 2=14 ATP 8 acetyl ~Co A , each provides 12 ATP when converted to CO2& H2O by the TCA cycle 8x12= 96 ATP So total energy yield of oxidation of palmitoyl ~Co A = 21 + 14 + 96 ...
050907
... Membrane fusion • Why is it so difficult? – Vesicles have to fuse with the plasma membrane at the right place/time – Physically: mixing of polar headgroups and hydrophobic regions • “Unstable void space” figure 11-25 ...
... Membrane fusion • Why is it so difficult? – Vesicles have to fuse with the plasma membrane at the right place/time – Physically: mixing of polar headgroups and hydrophobic regions • “Unstable void space” figure 11-25 ...
complex I
... organelle and one in the cell nucleus. Most of the proteins - by nuclear DNA, synthesized in the cytosol, and then imported individually into the organelle. Some organelle proteins and RNAs - the organelle DNA and are synthesized in the organelle itself. ...
... organelle and one in the cell nucleus. Most of the proteins - by nuclear DNA, synthesized in the cytosol, and then imported individually into the organelle. Some organelle proteins and RNAs - the organelle DNA and are synthesized in the organelle itself. ...
Answer Key (up to 3/21)
... Chapter 7—Intracellular Transport (p.142 – 162) and Cytoskeleton (p. 163 – 168) Lecture 12 PPT Review “Inside the Cell: The Dynamic Cell—Intracellular Transport” 1.) How do proteins get targeted to their correct destination in the cell? a. Localization signal/sequence 2.) Where does protein synthesi ...
... Chapter 7—Intracellular Transport (p.142 – 162) and Cytoskeleton (p. 163 – 168) Lecture 12 PPT Review “Inside the Cell: The Dynamic Cell—Intracellular Transport” 1.) How do proteins get targeted to their correct destination in the cell? a. Localization signal/sequence 2.) Where does protein synthesi ...
glycolysis
... pathway for the catabolism of carbohydrates in which the six-carbon sugars are split to three-carbon compounds with subsequent release of energy used to transform ADP to ATP. Glycolysis can proceed under anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic conditions. Some of the free energy released from gluco ...
... pathway for the catabolism of carbohydrates in which the six-carbon sugars are split to three-carbon compounds with subsequent release of energy used to transform ADP to ATP. Glycolysis can proceed under anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic conditions. Some of the free energy released from gluco ...
Bil 255 – CMB
... - stepwise OXIDATION food molecules- makes ATP physiological view: uptake of O2 & release of CO2 biochemical view: O2 consumption, CO2 production ...
... - stepwise OXIDATION food molecules- makes ATP physiological view: uptake of O2 & release of CO2 biochemical view: O2 consumption, CO2 production ...
Cellular Respiration
... •During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis •NADH and FADH2 –Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... •During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis •NADH and FADH2 –Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Overview of Aerobic Respiration
... glucose into two molecules of pyruvate After glycolysis, the two pathways diverge • Fermentation is completed in the cytoplasm, yielding 2 ATP per glucose molecule • Aerobic respiration is completed in mitochondria, yielding 36 ATP per glucose molecule ...
... glucose into two molecules of pyruvate After glycolysis, the two pathways diverge • Fermentation is completed in the cytoplasm, yielding 2 ATP per glucose molecule • Aerobic respiration is completed in mitochondria, yielding 36 ATP per glucose molecule ...
Cellular Respiration - Spokane Public Schools
... •During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis •NADH and FADH2 –Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... •During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis •NADH and FADH2 –Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Light-independent reactions
... The enzyme RuBisCO (short for ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) is the most abundant enzyme on earth, as it makes approximately 50% of leaf protein. It is of upmost importance to life. Although you can see that the Calvin cycle uses RuBisCO to combine a molecule of RuBP and carbon dioxide, ...
... The enzyme RuBisCO (short for ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) is the most abundant enzyme on earth, as it makes approximately 50% of leaf protein. It is of upmost importance to life. Although you can see that the Calvin cycle uses RuBisCO to combine a molecule of RuBP and carbon dioxide, ...
Practice PPT with Biogeochemical Cycles - Parkway C-2
... Chemical Energy and ATP The energy from ATP is needed for many cellular activities, including active transport across cell membranes, protein synthesis and muscle contraction. ATP’s characteristics make it exceptionally useful as the basic energy source of all cells. ...
... Chemical Energy and ATP The energy from ATP is needed for many cellular activities, including active transport across cell membranes, protein synthesis and muscle contraction. ATP’s characteristics make it exceptionally useful as the basic energy source of all cells. ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... The beginning pathway of cellular respiration, glycolysis, takes place in the cell cytoplasm. The two remaining pathways—the Krebs Cycle and electron transport—take place inside the mitochondria of the cell. ...
... The beginning pathway of cellular respiration, glycolysis, takes place in the cell cytoplasm. The two remaining pathways—the Krebs Cycle and electron transport—take place inside the mitochondria of the cell. ...
Photosynth-Cellular Respiration
... The beginning pathway of cellular respiration, glycolysis, takes place in the cell cytoplasm. The two remaining pathways—the Krebs Cycle and electron transport—take place inside the mitochondria of the cell. ...
... The beginning pathway of cellular respiration, glycolysis, takes place in the cell cytoplasm. The two remaining pathways—the Krebs Cycle and electron transport—take place inside the mitochondria of the cell. ...
New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1992.
... reaction driven by movement of H+ across the inner membrane into the matrix ...
... reaction driven by movement of H+ across the inner membrane into the matrix ...
chapter9_powerpoint
... reactions that regenerate NAD+, which can be reused by glycolysis • Two common types are alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation • In alcohol fermentation, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps, with the first releasing CO2 • Alcohol fermentation by yeast is used in brewing, winema ...
... reactions that regenerate NAD+, which can be reused by glycolysis • Two common types are alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation • In alcohol fermentation, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps, with the first releasing CO2 • Alcohol fermentation by yeast is used in brewing, winema ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... reaction driven by movement of H+ across the inner membrane into the matrix ...
... reaction driven by movement of H+ across the inner membrane into the matrix ...
Cellular Respiration Part V: Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation
... • Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the me ...
... • Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the me ...
A) Choose the correct answer: B)Complete: 1) L
... 2) ATP production by ATP synthase is due to: (a) Rotation of F1 subunit. (b) flow of protons through γ subunit (c) flow of hydrogen ions through the multiple C- protein subunits. (d) Proton translocation to intermembrane space 3) The following are considered as standard conditions for a given reacti ...
... 2) ATP production by ATP synthase is due to: (a) Rotation of F1 subunit. (b) flow of protons through γ subunit (c) flow of hydrogen ions through the multiple C- protein subunits. (d) Proton translocation to intermembrane space 3) The following are considered as standard conditions for a given reacti ...
Biology 5.3 Cellular Respiration
... The total amount of ATP that a cell is able to harvest from each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis depends on the presence or absence of oxygen. Cells use energy most efficiently when oxygen is present. In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to pyruvate during glyco ...
... The total amount of ATP that a cell is able to harvest from each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis depends on the presence or absence of oxygen. Cells use energy most efficiently when oxygen is present. In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to pyruvate during glyco ...
how cells release chemical energy
... 2. Be able to summarize the events that occur during the three stages of aerobic respiration as illustrated in Figure 7.3. [pp.lOS-109] 3. Be able write the general equation for aerobic respiration; then state it in words. [p.10S] 4. Describe the energy-requiring steps of glycolysis. [p.llO] 5. Desc ...
... 2. Be able to summarize the events that occur during the three stages of aerobic respiration as illustrated in Figure 7.3. [pp.lOS-109] 3. Be able write the general equation for aerobic respiration; then state it in words. [p.10S] 4. Describe the energy-requiring steps of glycolysis. [p.llO] 5. Desc ...
Chapter 10. Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life
... Remember what it means to be a plant… Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for growth carbohydrates, lipids proteins, nucleic acids ...
... Remember what it means to be a plant… Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for growth carbohydrates, lipids proteins, nucleic acids ...
Bioenergetics
... • Recall: If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities, the end product of glycolysis, Pyruvate, is not converted to lactate but is transported to the mitochondria, where it is taken up and enters the Krebs cycle ...
... • Recall: If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities, the end product of glycolysis, Pyruvate, is not converted to lactate but is transported to the mitochondria, where it is taken up and enters the Krebs cycle ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.