WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
... (RuBP) which is a 5-carbon sugar using electron energy of ATP molecules and and indirectly NADPH2 photons of light energy, generating unstable 6-carbon molecule that breaks through and NADPH2 ATP, binding and phosphorylates phosphates to form two molecules of 3-carbon gliceratos triphosphate and a p ...
... (RuBP) which is a 5-carbon sugar using electron energy of ATP molecules and and indirectly NADPH2 photons of light energy, generating unstable 6-carbon molecule that breaks through and NADPH2 ATP, binding and phosphorylates phosphates to form two molecules of 3-carbon gliceratos triphosphate and a p ...
Cellular Respiration (Making ATP from food)
... The energy released by anaerobic respiration is considerably less than the energy from aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration takes place at some stage in the cells of most living organisms. For example, our own muscles resort to anaerobic respiration when oxygen is not delivered to them fast ...
... The energy released by anaerobic respiration is considerably less than the energy from aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration takes place at some stage in the cells of most living organisms. For example, our own muscles resort to anaerobic respiration when oxygen is not delivered to them fast ...
Flashback - Max-Planck
... the cell stores up, outside the cell membrane, a reserve of ions that it can allow to flow in as required. This also generates energy that can be used to produce ATP. The important physiological concept of phosphate group transfer is also involved in the breakdown of sugars, such as glucose. Biochem ...
... the cell stores up, outside the cell membrane, a reserve of ions that it can allow to flow in as required. This also generates energy that can be used to produce ATP. The important physiological concept of phosphate group transfer is also involved in the breakdown of sugars, such as glucose. Biochem ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... 19. The two reasons are that 1) both ATP and NADPH reserves will be quickly depleted and 2) the Calvin cycle enzymes, most importantly Rubisco, are activated by the light. 20. Allosteric activators of PFK activity are AMP and F-2,6-BP, and allosteric inhibitors are ATP and citrate. 21. Oligomycin sh ...
... 19. The two reasons are that 1) both ATP and NADPH reserves will be quickly depleted and 2) the Calvin cycle enzymes, most importantly Rubisco, are activated by the light. 20. Allosteric activators of PFK activity are AMP and F-2,6-BP, and allosteric inhibitors are ATP and citrate. 21. Oligomycin sh ...
2 ATP - jpsaos
... Structure Adenosine TRI-phosphate How is works “compressed spring” joins chemical reaction potential NRG is released (loose 1 P) ATP ADP (lost a P, adenosine DI-phosphate) ...
... Structure Adenosine TRI-phosphate How is works “compressed spring” joins chemical reaction potential NRG is released (loose 1 P) ATP ADP (lost a P, adenosine DI-phosphate) ...
TRASK Zool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 1
... Kon is the concentration at which 50% of the proteins B and C are found independently, and 50% of the proteins are bound to one another in a ‘BC’ complex. ...
... Kon is the concentration at which 50% of the proteins B and C are found independently, and 50% of the proteins are bound to one another in a ‘BC’ complex. ...
ATP
... • Energy released drives H+ proton pumps • H+ accumulates in thylakoid space – gradient forms • H+ flow down gradient through ATP synthase • ATP used in light independent stage • Photolysis of H20 and generation of NADPH ...
... • Energy released drives H+ proton pumps • H+ accumulates in thylakoid space – gradient forms • H+ flow down gradient through ATP synthase • ATP used in light independent stage • Photolysis of H20 and generation of NADPH ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... 19. The two reasons are that 1) both ATP and NADPH reserves will be quickly depleted and 2) the Calvin cycle enzymes, most importantly Rubisco, are activated by the light. 20. Allosteric activators of PFK activity are AMP and F-2,6-BP, and allosteric inhibitors are ATP and citrate. 21. Oligomycin sh ...
... 19. The two reasons are that 1) both ATP and NADPH reserves will be quickly depleted and 2) the Calvin cycle enzymes, most importantly Rubisco, are activated by the light. 20. Allosteric activators of PFK activity are AMP and F-2,6-BP, and allosteric inhibitors are ATP and citrate. 21. Oligomycin sh ...
ppt Oxygen Debt-Energy Systems - NCEA-Physical
... allows for 3-5 glucose – end sec. of activity result is pyruvate ATP-PC used Converted to up in 10-15 lactic acid if sec. of activity anaerobic envir. ...
... allows for 3-5 glucose – end sec. of activity result is pyruvate ATP-PC used Converted to up in 10-15 lactic acid if sec. of activity anaerobic envir. ...
Chapter 7
... • One glucose (6C) is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid (3C) • If oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid will move into the mitochondria and aerobic respiration will begin. • 4 ATP molecules are produced. Two are used to break apart the next glucose molecule and keep glycolysis going. • This ...
... • One glucose (6C) is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid (3C) • If oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid will move into the mitochondria and aerobic respiration will begin. • 4 ATP molecules are produced. Two are used to break apart the next glucose molecule and keep glycolysis going. • This ...
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Acetyl-coenzyme A is oxidized to CO 2
... Walker first determined the amino acid sequence of this enzyme, and then elaborated its 3 dimensional structure. Boyer showed that contrary to the previously accepted belief, the energy requiring step in making ATP is not the synthesis from ADP and phosphate, but the initial binding of the ADP and t ...
... Walker first determined the amino acid sequence of this enzyme, and then elaborated its 3 dimensional structure. Boyer showed that contrary to the previously accepted belief, the energy requiring step in making ATP is not the synthesis from ADP and phosphate, but the initial binding of the ADP and t ...
Chapter 4 - Enzymes and Energy
... • Molecules that are too large and/or polar to pass through the plasma membrane require protein carriers. – Facilitated diffusion is passive transport utilizing carriers. Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration. e.g. GLUT carriers transport glucose into human cells.. ...
... • Molecules that are too large and/or polar to pass through the plasma membrane require protein carriers. – Facilitated diffusion is passive transport utilizing carriers. Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration. e.g. GLUT carriers transport glucose into human cells.. ...
Animal Energetics II PPT
... ◦ TCA / Krebs Cycle (aerobic) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix followed by oxidation by the electron transport system (ETS) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
... ◦ TCA / Krebs Cycle (aerobic) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix followed by oxidation by the electron transport system (ETS) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
The Fate of Glucose
... 2. lactic acid fermentation glucose ---> pyruvic acid ---> lactic acid + ATP ...
... 2. lactic acid fermentation glucose ---> pyruvic acid ---> lactic acid + ATP ...
oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electron transport chain recombine ...
... 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electron transport chain recombine ...
Unit 4: Cellular Energy
... b. A process that requires oxygen c. A process that does not require oxygen ...
... b. A process that requires oxygen c. A process that does not require oxygen ...
Work and Energy in Muscles
... glucose molecule is over 10 times that produced in anaerobic metabolism. However, the rate of aerobic ATP production is much lower than that of direct phosphorylation of ADP or anaerobic glycolysis. Muscle activity must therefore be adjusted to the reduced tempo of high-energy phosphate synthesis. T ...
... glucose molecule is over 10 times that produced in anaerobic metabolism. However, the rate of aerobic ATP production is much lower than that of direct phosphorylation of ADP or anaerobic glycolysis. Muscle activity must therefore be adjusted to the reduced tempo of high-energy phosphate synthesis. T ...
2nd Phase of Glycolysis
... Once in every 100 turnovers, the intermediate 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate escapes from the enzyme, leaving an inactive dephosphorylated enzyme. The unphosphorylated enzyme binds 2,3bisphosphoglycerate and transfers the C3 phosphoryl group to the histidine reactivating the enzyme and producing 2-phosphog ...
... Once in every 100 turnovers, the intermediate 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate escapes from the enzyme, leaving an inactive dephosphorylated enzyme. The unphosphorylated enzyme binds 2,3bisphosphoglycerate and transfers the C3 phosphoryl group to the histidine reactivating the enzyme and producing 2-phosphog ...
Mitochondria
... 2.Inner membrane • The inner membrane, which encloses the matrix space, is folded to form cristae. The area of the inner membrane is about five times as great as the outer membrane. • This membrane is richly endowed with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that possesses four, rather than the usual two, fa ...
... 2.Inner membrane • The inner membrane, which encloses the matrix space, is folded to form cristae. The area of the inner membrane is about five times as great as the outer membrane. • This membrane is richly endowed with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that possesses four, rather than the usual two, fa ...
Exam 2
... accept one electron at a time, while NAD+ can only accept 2 electrons at a time. I. _____________ The reaction of 2 ADP to form AMP and ATP has a Go’ close to zero kJ/mol. J. _____________ Lateral diffusion of membrane components is relatively fast, but transverse diffusion is a slow process. ...
... accept one electron at a time, while NAD+ can only accept 2 electrons at a time. I. _____________ The reaction of 2 ADP to form AMP and ATP has a Go’ close to zero kJ/mol. J. _____________ Lateral diffusion of membrane components is relatively fast, but transverse diffusion is a slow process. ...
Cellular Respiration
... during periods of intense exercise where oxygen supply becomes limited, resulting in the creation of lactic acid. Energy source in anaerobic conditions: Fermentation products contain chemical energy (they are not fully oxidized) but are considered waste products, since they cannot be metabolized fur ...
... during periods of intense exercise where oxygen supply becomes limited, resulting in the creation of lactic acid. Energy source in anaerobic conditions: Fermentation products contain chemical energy (they are not fully oxidized) but are considered waste products, since they cannot be metabolized fur ...
Lecture 5 & 6 Metabolism S11 Chpt. 6 for HO
... •Oxidizes NADH, generating NAD for use in further rounds of glucose breakdown •Stops short of the transition step and the TCA cycle, which together generate 5X more reducing power ...
... •Oxidizes NADH, generating NAD for use in further rounds of glucose breakdown •Stops short of the transition step and the TCA cycle, which together generate 5X more reducing power ...
Pre-Test
... The hydrolysis of ATP is an endergonic process that can supply needed energy for anabolic pathways. The cycling between ATP and ADP + Pi provides an energy coupling between catabolic and anabolic pathways. The energy release on hydrolysis of ATP is the result of breaking a high-energy bond. Much of ...
... The hydrolysis of ATP is an endergonic process that can supply needed energy for anabolic pathways. The cycling between ATP and ADP + Pi provides an energy coupling between catabolic and anabolic pathways. The energy release on hydrolysis of ATP is the result of breaking a high-energy bond. Much of ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.