Practice Exam Answers
... - Cell’s [water] is higher than solution’s [water] - Water moves from cell to solution ...
... - Cell’s [water] is higher than solution’s [water] - Water moves from cell to solution ...
Supplementary method
... proteins. The peptide concentration was kept at 200 M and ATP concentration was 2 mM for Aurora specific activity assays. In microfluidic EphA3 assays, 100 ng of protein was evaluated in a kinetic experiment with 5 M EphA3 fluorescent peptide substrate (5-FAMEFPIYDFLPAKKK-CONH2). Phosphorylation w ...
... proteins. The peptide concentration was kept at 200 M and ATP concentration was 2 mM for Aurora specific activity assays. In microfluidic EphA3 assays, 100 ng of protein was evaluated in a kinetic experiment with 5 M EphA3 fluorescent peptide substrate (5-FAMEFPIYDFLPAKKK-CONH2). Phosphorylation w ...
BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
... •Cytosolic NADH+H+ is oxidized by lactate dehydrogenase in absence of oxygen and gives no energy but serves to regenerate NAD+. •Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle generates 2 ATP for every cytosolic NADH+H+ molecule oxidized, as FADH2 bypasses the first phosphorylation site in the electron transport chai ...
... •Cytosolic NADH+H+ is oxidized by lactate dehydrogenase in absence of oxygen and gives no energy but serves to regenerate NAD+. •Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle generates 2 ATP for every cytosolic NADH+H+ molecule oxidized, as FADH2 bypasses the first phosphorylation site in the electron transport chai ...
Dear Notetaker:
... 2. Chylomicrons contain which three (3) of the following substances? a. Dietary triglycerides, dietary cholesterol, and dietary vitamins. i. Chylomicrons consist of dietary things 3. Which bond is characteristic of the primary structure of a protein? a. Peptide bond 4. To complete production of 2 my ...
... 2. Chylomicrons contain which three (3) of the following substances? a. Dietary triglycerides, dietary cholesterol, and dietary vitamins. i. Chylomicrons consist of dietary things 3. Which bond is characteristic of the primary structure of a protein? a. Peptide bond 4. To complete production of 2 my ...
INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate the four-carbon molecule (thus the “cycle” designation) ...
... – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate the four-carbon molecule (thus the “cycle” designation) ...
(key)
... Nitrogen from amino acids is being converted to a biologically useful form Nitrogen is being decomposed and excreted to the soil. Nitrogen is being assimilated into Urea. ...
... Nitrogen from amino acids is being converted to a biologically useful form Nitrogen is being decomposed and excreted to the soil. Nitrogen is being assimilated into Urea. ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under ae ...
... • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under ae ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration occurs in ALL cells (plant/animal/etc.) ALL THE TIME! Definition: Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells break down fuels ( mainly glucose) to free up the energy required for cellular functions. Aerobic respiration: Anaerobic respiration: ...
... Cellular Respiration occurs in ALL cells (plant/animal/etc.) ALL THE TIME! Definition: Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells break down fuels ( mainly glucose) to free up the energy required for cellular functions. Aerobic respiration: Anaerobic respiration: ...
Lecture exam 1A
... A. An allosteric site often allows the product of a metabolic pathway to inhibit the enzyme and shut off the pathway B. An allosteric site is often found on a protein subunit that does not contain the active site C. An allosteric activator prevents the substrate from binding at the active site D. On ...
... A. An allosteric site often allows the product of a metabolic pathway to inhibit the enzyme and shut off the pathway B. An allosteric site is often found on a protein subunit that does not contain the active site C. An allosteric activator prevents the substrate from binding at the active site D. On ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... electrons to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) on the inner membrane of the mitochondria Electrons are passed from membrane protein to protein. • Each transfer releases energy and pumps H+ out of the matrix ...
... electrons to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) on the inner membrane of the mitochondria Electrons are passed from membrane protein to protein. • Each transfer releases energy and pumps H+ out of the matrix ...
Light Dependent Reactions
... chloroplast – Thylakoids – saclike photosynthetic membrane in the chloroplast – Stroma - the region outside of the thylakoid membranes ...
... chloroplast – Thylakoids – saclike photosynthetic membrane in the chloroplast – Stroma - the region outside of the thylakoid membranes ...
LessonPlansInc.com
... Standards: CA Biology 1g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Biology 1i. Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP produc ...
... Standards: CA Biology 1g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Biology 1i. Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP produc ...
CHAPTER-III CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide. In addition, the cycle provides precursors including certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous biochemical reactions. Its central ...
... organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide. In addition, the cycle provides precursors including certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous biochemical reactions. Its central ...
ReHydrate
... (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide and is most important in cell biology periods; and a general feeling of being unwell both before and after as a coenzyme that is the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular ener- menstruation and menopausal vaginal issues. gy transfer. In this role, ATP tr ...
... (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide and is most important in cell biology periods; and a general feeling of being unwell both before and after as a coenzyme that is the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular ener- menstruation and menopausal vaginal issues. gy transfer. In this role, ATP tr ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... niacin uptake is not being watched carefully. • Sorghum contains large amount of leucine, which will inhibit quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), an enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis from tryptophan. • Vitamin B6 deficiency can also lead to niacin deficiency because pyridoxal phosphate ...
... niacin uptake is not being watched carefully. • Sorghum contains large amount of leucine, which will inhibit quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), an enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis from tryptophan. • Vitamin B6 deficiency can also lead to niacin deficiency because pyridoxal phosphate ...
Cellular Respiration - Chandler Unified School District
... If the main purpose of cell respiration is to produce ATP, why do glycolysis & the Krebs cycle only make 4 molecules of ATP total by the time glucose has been converted to carbon dioxide? Although glycolysis & the Krebs cycle only produce 4 ATP molecules when glucose is converted to CO2 , these rea ...
... If the main purpose of cell respiration is to produce ATP, why do glycolysis & the Krebs cycle only make 4 molecules of ATP total by the time glucose has been converted to carbon dioxide? Although glycolysis & the Krebs cycle only produce 4 ATP molecules when glucose is converted to CO2 , these rea ...
PP - Columbia University
... Exception #1: • 1) Water: 55 M (pure water) is considered the “unit” concentration in this case instead of 1M The concentration of water rarely changes during the course of an aqueous reaction, since water is at such a high concentration. • So when calulating Go, instead of writing in “55” when wat ...
... Exception #1: • 1) Water: 55 M (pure water) is considered the “unit” concentration in this case instead of 1M The concentration of water rarely changes during the course of an aqueous reaction, since water is at such a high concentration. • So when calulating Go, instead of writing in “55” when wat ...
L3-RS_Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism in
... Breakdown of ATP into ADP+PO4 releases energy This energy is used for all body functions (biosynthesis, membrane transport, muscle contraction, etc.) Muscles typically store limited amounts of ATP – enough to power 4-6s of activity So resting muscles must have energy stored in other ways. ...
... Breakdown of ATP into ADP+PO4 releases energy This energy is used for all body functions (biosynthesis, membrane transport, muscle contraction, etc.) Muscles typically store limited amounts of ATP – enough to power 4-6s of activity So resting muscles must have energy stored in other ways. ...
BT02D04 - 09.21.10 - Cell Respiration Continued
... ingredients to produce sugars (glucose) and other organic molecules (key products = glucose and oxygen). – Oxygen gas is a by-product of photosynthesis ...
... ingredients to produce sugars (glucose) and other organic molecules (key products = glucose and oxygen). – Oxygen gas is a by-product of photosynthesis ...
Introduction to metabolism. Specific and general pathways of
... are oxidized to common metabolite (acetyl CoA) Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled dir ...
... are oxidized to common metabolite (acetyl CoA) Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled dir ...
Fermentation 2015: The ABE process
... fermentation in yeast, begins with glycolysis. Glycolysis is most commonly known for its production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as the main energy currency in cells. However the consumption of redox factors, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH,) creates a redox im ...
... fermentation in yeast, begins with glycolysis. Glycolysis is most commonly known for its production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as the main energy currency in cells. However the consumption of redox factors, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH,) creates a redox im ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.