Practice AP Multiple Choice Exam 1 Do NOT write on this! 1. Which
... b. protons down a concentration gradient c. electrons against a concentration gradient d. electrons through a channel e. sodium ions into the cell 63. Which of the following processes is carried out more efficiently by a C4 plant than a C3 plant? a. light absorption b. chemiosmotic coupling c. photo ...
... b. protons down a concentration gradient c. electrons against a concentration gradient d. electrons through a channel e. sodium ions into the cell 63. Which of the following processes is carried out more efficiently by a C4 plant than a C3 plant? a. light absorption b. chemiosmotic coupling c. photo ...
Energy for Physical Activity
... CHO are broken down more easily so therefore can provide us with quicker energy source. Proteins can be used generally after 4 hours when other sources are depleted. ...
... CHO are broken down more easily so therefore can provide us with quicker energy source. Proteins can be used generally after 4 hours when other sources are depleted. ...
Energy and Respiration
... exercise, building up lactic acid in muscle tissue. This results in muscle pain and cramping. The bacteria in milk also produce lactic acid but is an optical isomer of that produced in muscle cramping. Yeasts produce alcohol which is also toxic. Eventually there will be so much alcohol that the yeas ...
... exercise, building up lactic acid in muscle tissue. This results in muscle pain and cramping. The bacteria in milk also produce lactic acid but is an optical isomer of that produced in muscle cramping. Yeasts produce alcohol which is also toxic. Eventually there will be so much alcohol that the yeas ...
enz resp photo test marker
... the active site does not accept the substrate molecule; when respiration increases ATP levels phosphofructokinase is inhibited; respiration slows down; phosphofructokinase is the first enzyme in the respiration pathway so there is no build up of metabolic intermediates; as ATP is used up by the cell ...
... the active site does not accept the substrate molecule; when respiration increases ATP levels phosphofructokinase is inhibited; respiration slows down; phosphofructokinase is the first enzyme in the respiration pathway so there is no build up of metabolic intermediates; as ATP is used up by the cell ...
Chapter 8- An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism
... electrons and a proton (see glycolysis summary equation). There must be a way to oxidize NADH back to NAD+. In aerobic organisms the NAD+ is regenerated when NADH delivers the H+ and electrons to the electron transport chain. Remember, regardless of the organism, they all use glycolysis as the start ...
... electrons and a proton (see glycolysis summary equation). There must be a way to oxidize NADH back to NAD+. In aerobic organisms the NAD+ is regenerated when NADH delivers the H+ and electrons to the electron transport chain. Remember, regardless of the organism, they all use glycolysis as the start ...
Flexibility in energy metabolism supports hypoxia tolerance in
... • Concentrations measured by targeted profiling (Chenomx): peak identification, alignment, subtraction • Lower confidence group due to spectra overlap ...
... • Concentrations measured by targeted profiling (Chenomx): peak identification, alignment, subtraction • Lower confidence group due to spectra overlap ...
plasma membrane - Cengage Learning
... whole of these reactions together. ATP is composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. ...
... whole of these reactions together. ATP is composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. ...
Ecological speciation model
... Pyruvate decarboxylase Substrate-level phosphorylation: PEP + ADP -> pyruvate + ATP 2 CO2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP -> 3 phosphoglycerate + ATP 2 acetaldehyde H3C C O H Net ATP 2 NADH use 2 ATP make 4 ATP ...
... Pyruvate decarboxylase Substrate-level phosphorylation: PEP + ADP -> pyruvate + ATP 2 CO2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP -> 3 phosphoglycerate + ATP 2 acetaldehyde H3C C O H Net ATP 2 NADH use 2 ATP make 4 ATP ...
Describe
... during aerobic respiration. NAD+ is recycled during the anaerobic process of fermentation. ...
... during aerobic respiration. NAD+ is recycled during the anaerobic process of fermentation. ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... final pathway where oxidative metabolism of CH, AA, FAcarbon skeleton : CO2 & H2O provides energy (ATP) occurs in mitochondriain close proximity to reactions of electron transport AerobicO2 required as the final electron acceptor Participates in synthetic rx/: formation of glucose from car ...
... final pathway where oxidative metabolism of CH, AA, FAcarbon skeleton : CO2 & H2O provides energy (ATP) occurs in mitochondriain close proximity to reactions of electron transport AerobicO2 required as the final electron acceptor Participates in synthetic rx/: formation of glucose from car ...
Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine
... binds the second substrate fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). The protein has two binding sites for ATP - the active site is accessible in either protein conformation, but ATP binding to the inhibitor site stabilizes the conformation that binds F6P poorly.[25] A number of other small molecules can compensa ...
... binds the second substrate fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). The protein has two binding sites for ATP - the active site is accessible in either protein conformation, but ATP binding to the inhibitor site stabilizes the conformation that binds F6P poorly.[25] A number of other small molecules can compensa ...
Exam 2 Review Sheet - Iowa State University
... What type of fermentation occurs in animal cells in the absence of oxygen? Lactic acid (lactate) fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Galactic fermentation None of these; fermentation can only occur in yeast cells. ...
... What type of fermentation occurs in animal cells in the absence of oxygen? Lactic acid (lactate) fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Galactic fermentation None of these; fermentation can only occur in yeast cells. ...
Master Entrance Exam
... 17. Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle? (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate ...
... 17. Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle? (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
... • The light-independent reactions make sugars. 1. take place in stroma 2. needs 6 carbon dioxide molecules from atmosphere 3. use energy to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical reactions ...
... • The light-independent reactions make sugars. 1. take place in stroma 2. needs 6 carbon dioxide molecules from atmosphere 3. use energy to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical reactions ...
fatty acid synthesis
... need to know: reaction catalysed by desaturase enzyme mammalian cells cannot introduce double bonds more than 9 carbons from carboxyl end. Therefore, linoleate (18:29,12) and -linoleate (18:39,12,15), essential fatty acids, must be obtained from plants. These can however be elongated and addi ...
... need to know: reaction catalysed by desaturase enzyme mammalian cells cannot introduce double bonds more than 9 carbons from carboxyl end. Therefore, linoleate (18:29,12) and -linoleate (18:39,12,15), essential fatty acids, must be obtained from plants. These can however be elongated and addi ...
Lecture 012--Organelles 3 (Energy Systems)
... fluid-filled space between 2 membranes internal fluid-filled space mitochondrial matrix DNA, ribosomes & enzymes ...
... fluid-filled space between 2 membranes internal fluid-filled space mitochondrial matrix DNA, ribosomes & enzymes ...
Lecture 29
... Val E11 out of the oxygen’s path to the Fe on the other subunit. This process increases the affinity of the heme toward oxygen. The a1-b2 contacts have two stable positions . These contacts, which are joined by different but equivalent sets of hydrogen-bonds that act as a binary switch between the T ...
... Val E11 out of the oxygen’s path to the Fe on the other subunit. This process increases the affinity of the heme toward oxygen. The a1-b2 contacts have two stable positions . These contacts, which are joined by different but equivalent sets of hydrogen-bonds that act as a binary switch between the T ...
Food Fuels and Three Energy Systems
... destruction of cells in acidic conditions. The hydrogen ions then combine with pyruvate to form lactate, which is then converted to glycogen and made available to release further energy. Around 80% of lactic acid is diffused from the muscles and circulated through the liver for reconversion into glu ...
... destruction of cells in acidic conditions. The hydrogen ions then combine with pyruvate to form lactate, which is then converted to glycogen and made available to release further energy. Around 80% of lactic acid is diffused from the muscles and circulated through the liver for reconversion into glu ...
Photosynthesis and Respiration
... of the brewing and baking industries. Fermentation is distinct from anaerobic respiration. Respiration always involves hydrogen ions passing down a chain of carriers to a terminal acceptor and this does not happen in fermentation. In anaerobic respiration, the terminal H+ acceptor is a molecule othe ...
... of the brewing and baking industries. Fermentation is distinct from anaerobic respiration. Respiration always involves hydrogen ions passing down a chain of carriers to a terminal acceptor and this does not happen in fermentation. In anaerobic respiration, the terminal H+ acceptor is a molecule othe ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition Chapter 22 –The Proteobacteria
... ATP sulfurylase and APS:APAT then catalyze the exchange of the sulfate on APS with PPi to generate ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. Electrons from sulfite can be donated to an electron transport chain via sulfite dehydrogenase within the membrane. ...
... ATP sulfurylase and APS:APAT then catalyze the exchange of the sulfate on APS with PPi to generate ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. Electrons from sulfite can be donated to an electron transport chain via sulfite dehydrogenase within the membrane. ...
respir532
... potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
... potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
Bioenergetics
... Glycolysis (Fast & Slow) is the breakdown of carbohydrates, either glycogen stored in the muscle or delivered in the blood to produce ...
... Glycolysis (Fast & Slow) is the breakdown of carbohydrates, either glycogen stored in the muscle or delivered in the blood to produce ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.