Neutrophil trails guide influenza-specific CD8+ T cells in the airways
... recise trafficking of activated effector T cells to infection sites is key to their protective functions against a virus. Infected tissues often harbor an array of diverse inflammationinduced chemokines that guide effector T cell migration and retention. The predominant view in the field is that eff ...
... recise trafficking of activated effector T cells to infection sites is key to their protective functions against a virus. Infected tissues often harbor an array of diverse inflammationinduced chemokines that guide effector T cell migration and retention. The predominant view in the field is that eff ...
Potent Neuropeptide Y Y, Receptor Antagonist, 1229U91: Blockade
... as well as [3H]NPY binding (data not shown) to the hypothalamus membranes showed a low affinity for the Y,-selective agonist [Leu3’,Pro34]NPY, indicating that Y, receptors are predominant in this region. This result is consistent with other reports (34-37). However, we did not detect Y, receptors in ...
... as well as [3H]NPY binding (data not shown) to the hypothalamus membranes showed a low affinity for the Y,-selective agonist [Leu3’,Pro34]NPY, indicating that Y, receptors are predominant in this region. This result is consistent with other reports (34-37). However, we did not detect Y, receptors in ...
Figure 2 - York College of Pennsylvania
... today. In the year 2002, 1,284,900 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed (American Cancer Society 2002). Transforming growth factor (TGF) plays an essential role in the development of cancers and has become a popular target for research. TGF functions as a natural potent growth inhibitor ...
... today. In the year 2002, 1,284,900 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed (American Cancer Society 2002). Transforming growth factor (TGF) plays an essential role in the development of cancers and has become a popular target for research. TGF functions as a natural potent growth inhibitor ...
this page in pdf format (can be old)
... Legionellae are Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water, mud, or thermally polluted lakes or streams. It is pathogenic for man and it has no known soil or animal sources. Legionella species are widespread in natural and man-made fresh water reservoirs. One of interesting characterist ...
... Legionellae are Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water, mud, or thermally polluted lakes or streams. It is pathogenic for man and it has no known soil or animal sources. Legionella species are widespread in natural and man-made fresh water reservoirs. One of interesting characterist ...
ppt
... - decomposers: Fungi decompose liginin and cellulose, which most free-living bacteria can’t digest. * antibiotics - mycorrhizae: fungal symbiotes of certain plants. The fungus increases the absorbance area of roots dramatically, and passes water and nutrients to the plant. The plant feeds the fungus ...
... - decomposers: Fungi decompose liginin and cellulose, which most free-living bacteria can’t digest. * antibiotics - mycorrhizae: fungal symbiotes of certain plants. The fungus increases the absorbance area of roots dramatically, and passes water and nutrients to the plant. The plant feeds the fungus ...
MamPhysioDryPeriod
... Active involution Active involution begins with the cessation of periodic milk removal, either by drying off a cow or by weaning the young. Halting milk removal results in milk stasis. In the cow active involution is probably complete by 21 to 30 days after dry off. It is a transition phase of the m ...
... Active involution Active involution begins with the cessation of periodic milk removal, either by drying off a cow or by weaning the young. Halting milk removal results in milk stasis. In the cow active involution is probably complete by 21 to 30 days after dry off. It is a transition phase of the m ...
www.XtremePapers.com
... widespread candidature. The question papers are closely related and the relationships between them have been thoroughly established using our assessment expertise. All versions of the paper give assessment of equal standard. The content assessed by the examination papers and the type of questions is ...
... widespread candidature. The question papers are closely related and the relationships between them have been thoroughly established using our assessment expertise. All versions of the paper give assessment of equal standard. The content assessed by the examination papers and the type of questions is ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... of oxide functional groups, which can be mainly classed as either alcohols or epoxides [17]. This results in GO having partial hydrophilic properties, unlike pG [8,18]. rGO is quite different chemically from its GO precursor, instead being more similar to pG [17] due to its hydrophobic π-bond graphe ...
... of oxide functional groups, which can be mainly classed as either alcohols or epoxides [17]. This results in GO having partial hydrophilic properties, unlike pG [8,18]. rGO is quite different chemically from its GO precursor, instead being more similar to pG [17] due to its hydrophobic π-bond graphe ...
Figures and figure supplements
... Figure 2. Algal-bacterial co-cultures. (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of E. huxleyi (CCMP3266) pure algal culture. (b) SEM image of P. inhibens (DMS17395) pure bacterial culture. (c) Overlay image of a pure culture of P. inhibens bacteria (phase contrast microscopy, grey) stained with ...
... Figure 2. Algal-bacterial co-cultures. (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of E. huxleyi (CCMP3266) pure algal culture. (b) SEM image of P. inhibens (DMS17395) pure bacterial culture. (c) Overlay image of a pure culture of P. inhibens bacteria (phase contrast microscopy, grey) stained with ...
Adenosine affects expression of membrane molecules, cytokine and
... Currently, the local concentration of adenosine at inflammatory sites is not known, but measurements in rat heart and brain indicated that under hypoxia the extracellular adenosine concentration is at least in the 10-20 µM range (21,22). Besides action on the cardiovascular and nervous system, an an ...
... Currently, the local concentration of adenosine at inflammatory sites is not known, but measurements in rat heart and brain indicated that under hypoxia the extracellular adenosine concentration is at least in the 10-20 µM range (21,22). Besides action on the cardiovascular and nervous system, an an ...
Brucella Intracellular Replication Requires Trafficking Through the
... and replication in macrophages and HeLa cells A key process in the maturation of a newly formed phagosome into a degradative phagolysosome is its progressive acidification through sequential interactions with compartments of the endocytic pathway (16). The rapid acidification of phagosomes containin ...
... and replication in macrophages and HeLa cells A key process in the maturation of a newly formed phagosome into a degradative phagolysosome is its progressive acidification through sequential interactions with compartments of the endocytic pathway (16). The rapid acidification of phagosomes containin ...
estimating abundance respirating bacteria
... as a vital stain for enumeration of respiring bacteria in situ. Questions concerning its efficacy have been raised. We propose that the abundance of CTC-positive (CTC+)bacteria is a useful parameter in microbial ecology based on the following information: (1) Taxonomically diverse strains of aerobic ...
... as a vital stain for enumeration of respiring bacteria in situ. Questions concerning its efficacy have been raised. We propose that the abundance of CTC-positive (CTC+)bacteria is a useful parameter in microbial ecology based on the following information: (1) Taxonomically diverse strains of aerobic ...
Protists - Needham.K12.ma.us
... Most are able to move from place to place to obtain food. Unlike animals, animal-like protists are unicellular. Animal-like protists are also called Protozoans. ...
... Most are able to move from place to place to obtain food. Unlike animals, animal-like protists are unicellular. Animal-like protists are also called Protozoans. ...
Formation of Fe(III)-minerals by Fe(II)
... goethite and lepidocrocite. Although the precipitates appear to associate with the cell wall, they do not cover it entirely, and precipitate-free cells represent a significant portion of the population in aged cultures. Citrate is occasionally detected at nanomolar concentrations in all culture flui ...
... goethite and lepidocrocite. Although the precipitates appear to associate with the cell wall, they do not cover it entirely, and precipitate-free cells represent a significant portion of the population in aged cultures. Citrate is occasionally detected at nanomolar concentrations in all culture flui ...
Part 3 (Archaea - Updates Book)
... c) Korarcheota are only known from their DNA sequences—nothing more is known about them (they have only recently been discovered). b. Archaea differ in their chemical make-up from other lifeforms. 1) While archaea have many features that look similar to those found on other cells, these features are ...
... c) Korarcheota are only known from their DNA sequences—nothing more is known about them (they have only recently been discovered). b. Archaea differ in their chemical make-up from other lifeforms. 1) While archaea have many features that look similar to those found on other cells, these features are ...
The effects of 405 nm light on bacterial membrane integrity
... stained cells with SYTOX green (Life Technologies), a high-affinity nucleic acid stain that can only permeate cells with compromised plasma membranes. For this technique, light-exposed samples, at a density of 109 c.f.u. ml 1, were centrifuged (as previously described) and cell pellets were immediat ...
... stained cells with SYTOX green (Life Technologies), a high-affinity nucleic acid stain that can only permeate cells with compromised plasma membranes. For this technique, light-exposed samples, at a density of 109 c.f.u. ml 1, were centrifuged (as previously described) and cell pellets were immediat ...
Guidance of mesoderm cell migration in the Xenopus
... differentiation can be induced by exogenous PDGFA in animal caps expressing PDGFRα (Ataliotis et al., 1995). In contrast to untreated caps, those co-injected with receptor and with Xenopus PDGFA mRNA containing the morpholino target site develop transparent bulges indicative of ventral-type mesoderm ...
... differentiation can be induced by exogenous PDGFA in animal caps expressing PDGFRα (Ataliotis et al., 1995). In contrast to untreated caps, those co-injected with receptor and with Xenopus PDGFA mRNA containing the morpholino target site develop transparent bulges indicative of ventral-type mesoderm ...
University of Groningen Carbohydrate production by
... studied in bloom samples and in strains from different origins (Table 1A). The main nonglucose monosaccharides are arabinose, galactose, mannose and xylose. In addition a minor contribution of rhamnose was detected in all samples, whereas fucose, glucuronic acid, ribose, O-methylated hexoses and O-m ...
... studied in bloom samples and in strains from different origins (Table 1A). The main nonglucose monosaccharides are arabinose, galactose, mannose and xylose. In addition a minor contribution of rhamnose was detected in all samples, whereas fucose, glucuronic acid, ribose, O-methylated hexoses and O-m ...
isolation of a bacteriophage from sewage sludge
... to a healthy state is dependent on local climate conditions and removal of coliforms from aquatic environments can take extended periods of time. The use of phage therapy for the removal of pathogenic coliforms from polluted water could offer a fast and relatively inexpensive technology. Phage thera ...
... to a healthy state is dependent on local climate conditions and removal of coliforms from aquatic environments can take extended periods of time. The use of phage therapy for the removal of pathogenic coliforms from polluted water could offer a fast and relatively inexpensive technology. Phage thera ...
Change of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Composition of
... with biofilm formation and metabolic activity of sulfur cycle bacteria. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by these bacteria in biofilms on metallic surfaces establish the interfacial reaction space in which relevant corrosion processes occur. The EPS composition of the sulfur oxi ...
... with biofilm formation and metabolic activity of sulfur cycle bacteria. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by these bacteria in biofilms on metallic surfaces establish the interfacial reaction space in which relevant corrosion processes occur. The EPS composition of the sulfur oxi ...
Enhanced intracellular Ca concentrations in and after addition
... elicitation (Radman et al. 2004). Elicitors also effect the transcription of genes for antibiotic biosynthesis (Murphy et al. 2007 b; Nair et al. 2009). However, a possible mechanism by which elicitors cause these changes has yet to be defined. Ca2+ is widely recognised as a secondary messenger that ...
... elicitation (Radman et al. 2004). Elicitors also effect the transcription of genes for antibiotic biosynthesis (Murphy et al. 2007 b; Nair et al. 2009). However, a possible mechanism by which elicitors cause these changes has yet to be defined. Ca2+ is widely recognised as a secondary messenger that ...
Antimicrobial Pseudo peptides with Synthesis of Novel Selective
... Keywords: Antibacterial pseudo peptide, Reduced amide bond Selectivity, Non-peptide, Hydrophobicity, Antibacterial peptide. Introduction The recent emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has stimulated the development of the novel anti-bacterial molecules with unexploited mechanism of action.1 A ...
... Keywords: Antibacterial pseudo peptide, Reduced amide bond Selectivity, Non-peptide, Hydrophobicity, Antibacterial peptide. Introduction The recent emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has stimulated the development of the novel anti-bacterial molecules with unexploited mechanism of action.1 A ...
Minimally invasive determination of mRNA
... was used to characterize the movement of lipid rafts in cell membranes (4), the concentration of signaling proteins in bacteria (5), the presence of active transport in plant cells (6), the change in the viscosity of the nuclear environment ...
... was used to characterize the movement of lipid rafts in cell membranes (4), the concentration of signaling proteins in bacteria (5), the presence of active transport in plant cells (6), the change in the viscosity of the nuclear environment ...
Retinal Neurotransmitters
... and VGluT2 has yet to be mapped, though it is differentially distributed in brain (Varoqui et al., 2002). Anionic glutamate import (Km ≈ 1-3 mM) is strongly coupled to ∆Ψ generated by vATPase proton accumulation. The number of VGluTs per vesicle, their transfer numbers and resultant vesicular glutam ...
... and VGluT2 has yet to be mapped, though it is differentially distributed in brain (Varoqui et al., 2002). Anionic glutamate import (Km ≈ 1-3 mM) is strongly coupled to ∆Ψ generated by vATPase proton accumulation. The number of VGluTs per vesicle, their transfer numbers and resultant vesicular glutam ...
Introduced amino terminal epitopes can reduce surface expression
... α4 or β4 subunits, the V5 epitope has little effect when placed in either, while the Myc epitope reduces expression more when inserted into β4 than α4. These results indicate that the extreme amino terminal region is important for assembly of these receptors, and demonstrate that some widely used in ...
... α4 or β4 subunits, the V5 epitope has little effect when placed in either, while the Myc epitope reduces expression more when inserted into β4 than α4. These results indicate that the extreme amino terminal region is important for assembly of these receptors, and demonstrate that some widely used in ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.