RNA-binding proteins
... RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, which, along with transcriptional regulation, is a major way to regulate patterns of gene expression during development. Post-transcriptional control can occur at many different steps in RNA metabolism, including spl ...
... RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, which, along with transcriptional regulation, is a major way to regulate patterns of gene expression during development. Post-transcriptional control can occur at many different steps in RNA metabolism, including spl ...
Kinetics of MPF and histone H1 kinase activity differ during the G2
... Maturation promoting factor IMPFI is universally recognized as the biological entity responsible for driving the cell cycle from G2+to M-phase. Histone H1 kinase activity is widely accepted as a biochemical indicator of p34cdc2 protein kinase complex activity and therefore MPF activity. In this pape ...
... Maturation promoting factor IMPFI is universally recognized as the biological entity responsible for driving the cell cycle from G2+to M-phase. Histone H1 kinase activity is widely accepted as a biochemical indicator of p34cdc2 protein kinase complex activity and therefore MPF activity. In this pape ...
Structure and Organelles
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
... • Pyruvate (from glycolysis) is broken down and combined with other carbon compounds. • Each time the carbon-carbon bonds are rearranged during the Krebs cycle, energy is released. • The total yield of energy-storing products from one time through the Krebs cycle is one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH ...
... • Pyruvate (from glycolysis) is broken down and combined with other carbon compounds. • Each time the carbon-carbon bonds are rearranged during the Krebs cycle, energy is released. • The total yield of energy-storing products from one time through the Krebs cycle is one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH ...
Early and late endosomal compartments of Entamoeba histolytica
... inactive (GDP-bound) states; this switching is controlled, in part, by the transient association of the Rab protein with regulatory proteins [16]. By alternating between membrane-bound and cytosolic forms and by binding and hydrolyzing GTP, Rab GTPases can function as “molecular switches” to regulat ...
... inactive (GDP-bound) states; this switching is controlled, in part, by the transient association of the Rab protein with regulatory proteins [16]. By alternating between membrane-bound and cytosolic forms and by binding and hydrolyzing GTP, Rab GTPases can function as “molecular switches” to regulat ...
Introduction Wnt signaling in development
... proliferation by regulating the expression of specific target genes and also controls cell polarity and migration by directly modulating the cytoskeleton (Cadigan and Nusse, 1997; Logan and Nusse, 2004). Studies in Drosophila and vertebrates have shown that these effects of Wnt are transduced by dif ...
... proliferation by regulating the expression of specific target genes and also controls cell polarity and migration by directly modulating the cytoskeleton (Cadigan and Nusse, 1997; Logan and Nusse, 2004). Studies in Drosophila and vertebrates have shown that these effects of Wnt are transduced by dif ...
Genome-wide transcription profiling of aerobic and anaerobic
... were unchanged like the production of extracellular polymeric substances. A closer inspection of the mRNA data revealed that essential cell processes were attenuated in anaerobic biofilms, including protein synthesis, information transfer, cell structure, regulation and transport. Our results sugges ...
... were unchanged like the production of extracellular polymeric substances. A closer inspection of the mRNA data revealed that essential cell processes were attenuated in anaerobic biofilms, including protein synthesis, information transfer, cell structure, regulation and transport. Our results sugges ...
Identification of the Amino Terminus of Neuronal Ca2
... subunits and rat D2 receptors, were mixed in a ratio of 3:1:1:3 (except where stated), and ;10 nl was injected into the nuclei of stage V or V I oocytes. Injected oocytes were incubated at 18°C for 3–7 d in N D96 saline (as above plus 1.8 mM C aC l2 ) supplemented with 100 mg /ml penicillin, 100 I U ...
... subunits and rat D2 receptors, were mixed in a ratio of 3:1:1:3 (except where stated), and ;10 nl was injected into the nuclei of stage V or V I oocytes. Injected oocytes were incubated at 18°C for 3–7 d in N D96 saline (as above plus 1.8 mM C aC l2 ) supplemented with 100 mg /ml penicillin, 100 I U ...
G α 12/13 regulate epiboly by inhibiting E
... As epiboly progressed to 95% E, the dcm of wild-type (WT) embryos moved closer to the vegetal pole (Fig. 1, E and E⬘), but those of embryos overexpressing G␣13a, the dominantnegative G␣13-CT peptide, or injected with 3MO had a much larger vegetal opening (Fig. 1, E–H⬘). Moreover, the dorsal forerunn ...
... As epiboly progressed to 95% E, the dcm of wild-type (WT) embryos moved closer to the vegetal pole (Fig. 1, E and E⬘), but those of embryos overexpressing G␣13a, the dominantnegative G␣13-CT peptide, or injected with 3MO had a much larger vegetal opening (Fig. 1, E–H⬘). Moreover, the dorsal forerunn ...
Electrical Properties of the Pacemaker Neurons in the Heart
... as seen in the lower part of Fig. 1. This finding has been observed in several other examples. In the same preparation, the caudal axon of Gc 3 did not form any side-junctions for 1.5 mm. In a different preparation, the caudal axon of Gc 4 did not form any side-junctions for 1.8 mm. However, in one ...
... as seen in the lower part of Fig. 1. This finding has been observed in several other examples. In the same preparation, the caudal axon of Gc 3 did not form any side-junctions for 1.5 mm. In a different preparation, the caudal axon of Gc 4 did not form any side-junctions for 1.8 mm. However, in one ...
a30 Study Questions for the Whole Course
... 5. Describe the differences in strength and composition of covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. 6. What are the properties of water that make it especially suitable for biological life? What is the fundamental principle underlying most of the properties of water? 7. What is the relationship between ...
... 5. Describe the differences in strength and composition of covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. 6. What are the properties of water that make it especially suitable for biological life? What is the fundamental principle underlying most of the properties of water? 7. What is the relationship between ...
Metabolism, cell growth and the bacterial cell cycle
... 2-fold in slow-growing E. coli K-12 cells compared with the initiation mass in cells growing at a normal rate45–47. Another appealing hypothesis is that division, rather than achievement of a specific mass, serves as a checkpoint for origin firing 48. However, replication is not notably perturbed wh ...
... 2-fold in slow-growing E. coli K-12 cells compared with the initiation mass in cells growing at a normal rate45–47. Another appealing hypothesis is that division, rather than achievement of a specific mass, serves as a checkpoint for origin firing 48. However, replication is not notably perturbed wh ...
Selection of Shigella flexneri candidate virulence genes
... applied to identify bacterial genes specifically induced during infection using animals as a selective medium (Slauch et al., 1994). The IVET protocol is based on a promoter trap in which the selected promoters/genes drive the expression of reporter genes necessary for bacterial survival under speci ...
... applied to identify bacterial genes specifically induced during infection using animals as a selective medium (Slauch et al., 1994). The IVET protocol is based on a promoter trap in which the selected promoters/genes drive the expression of reporter genes necessary for bacterial survival under speci ...
COMPLEX FORMATION AND PROTEIN INTERACTION IN THE
... composition may vary as a function of location, developmental stage, and environment, this material is composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and (in secondary cell walls) lignins (Somerville et al. 2004). Despite several decades of research and recent increased funding due to the economic pushes fo ...
... composition may vary as a function of location, developmental stage, and environment, this material is composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and (in secondary cell walls) lignins (Somerville et al. 2004). Despite several decades of research and recent increased funding due to the economic pushes fo ...
Revised_BJP_MS_
... 2006), and it is possible that this endocannabinoid may play a protective role in these conditions, all of which have a neuroinflammatory/neuroimmune component. Indeed, evidence from in vitro studies indicates that 2-AG induces suppressive effects on immune function by reducing inflammatory cytokine ...
... 2006), and it is possible that this endocannabinoid may play a protective role in these conditions, all of which have a neuroinflammatory/neuroimmune component. Indeed, evidence from in vitro studies indicates that 2-AG induces suppressive effects on immune function by reducing inflammatory cytokine ...
video slide
... How does the the cell protect itself from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide? ...
... How does the the cell protect itself from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide? ...
Suppressor of Hairless-independent events in
... repeat peptide does not simply cancel the activity of the activated forms of Notch (Fig. 3). Finally, we find that Su(H)dependent transcription of reporter genes in S2 cultured cells, while enhanced by Nact, is not affected by the expression of the ANK peptide. Fig. 4 summarizes the results of a rep ...
... repeat peptide does not simply cancel the activity of the activated forms of Notch (Fig. 3). Finally, we find that Su(H)dependent transcription of reporter genes in S2 cultured cells, while enhanced by Nact, is not affected by the expression of the ANK peptide. Fig. 4 summarizes the results of a rep ...
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and Plant Responses to
... Corresponding author: e-mail: kinnerslya@auxein.com ...
... Corresponding author: e-mail: kinnerslya@auxein.com ...
Intrinsically Disordered Protein - Center for Data Analytics and
... calcineurin helix within a region of disorder is essential for enabling calmodulin to surround its target upon binding. 5. Calsequestrin regulates calcium levels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by binding about 50 ions/molecule. Disordered polyanion tails at the carboxy terminus bind many of these cal ...
... calcineurin helix within a region of disorder is essential for enabling calmodulin to surround its target upon binding. 5. Calsequestrin regulates calcium levels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by binding about 50 ions/molecule. Disordered polyanion tails at the carboxy terminus bind many of these cal ...
12 Insights into the mechanisms underlying CFTR channel activity
... its biological activity. In this model, multiple phosphoserine residues in the disordered R domain could function interchangeably to mediate the intramo‑ lecular interactions necessary for channel opening. Furthermore, these authors suggested that, although no one phosphoserine residue is required, ...
... its biological activity. In this model, multiple phosphoserine residues in the disordered R domain could function interchangeably to mediate the intramo‑ lecular interactions necessary for channel opening. Furthermore, these authors suggested that, although no one phosphoserine residue is required, ...
PDF
... Fig. 1. Duf is expressed on myotubes and required for fusion. Dissected pupal muscle preparations, 18-22 hours APF. (A-A) Staining for the Duf protein (white, blue) in control flies (sns-lacZ/CyO), demonstrating its specific expression only in myotubes but not in myoblasts. Myoblasts are identified ...
... Fig. 1. Duf is expressed on myotubes and required for fusion. Dissected pupal muscle preparations, 18-22 hours APF. (A-A) Staining for the Duf protein (white, blue) in control flies (sns-lacZ/CyO), demonstrating its specific expression only in myotubes but not in myoblasts. Myoblasts are identified ...
Processing of a Wheat Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein
... were made in vitro and were destined for the thylakoids. Labeled polypeptides synthesized in the reticulocyte lysate using RNA transcribed from the SPt-whAB1.6 construct were incubated with pea chloroplasts, which were then either treated or not treated with thermolysin before lysis. Tl~ermolysin ha ...
... were made in vitro and were destined for the thylakoids. Labeled polypeptides synthesized in the reticulocyte lysate using RNA transcribed from the SPt-whAB1.6 construct were incubated with pea chloroplasts, which were then either treated or not treated with thermolysin before lysis. Tl~ermolysin ha ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... medulla above the fourth ventricle, the AP is well suited for this modulatory function: it lacks a complete blood-brain barrier, making it accessible to circulating substances with cardiovascular-related actions, including angiotensin II, vasopressin, and endothelin (9, 10, 19, 34), and it sends pro ...
... medulla above the fourth ventricle, the AP is well suited for this modulatory function: it lacks a complete blood-brain barrier, making it accessible to circulating substances with cardiovascular-related actions, including angiotensin II, vasopressin, and endothelin (9, 10, 19, 34), and it sends pro ...
role of the proteolytic enzymes in the living organisms - IJIIT
... This is subdivided into exopeptidases cleaving one or a few amino acids from the N- or C-terminus, and endopeptidases cleaving internal peptide bonds of polypeptides. The classification of exopeptidases is based on their actions on substrates while the endopeptidases are divided by their active site ...
... This is subdivided into exopeptidases cleaving one or a few amino acids from the N- or C-terminus, and endopeptidases cleaving internal peptide bonds of polypeptides. The classification of exopeptidases is based on their actions on substrates while the endopeptidases are divided by their active site ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.