A 1-Megadalton Translocation Complex Containing
... shown to be exposed to the stromal compartment (Jackson et al., 1998). The stromal domain of Tic110 has been proposed to function as a molecular scaffold by binding the preprotein and recruiting the stromal chaperone Hsp93 with the assistance of the putative cochaperone Tic40 (Akita et al., 1997; Ni ...
... shown to be exposed to the stromal compartment (Jackson et al., 1998). The stromal domain of Tic110 has been proposed to function as a molecular scaffold by binding the preprotein and recruiting the stromal chaperone Hsp93 with the assistance of the putative cochaperone Tic40 (Akita et al., 1997; Ni ...
Chapter 2 - IFSC-USP
... neuron are therefore said to be all-or-none, because they occur fully or not at all. If the amplitude or duration of the stimulus current is increased sufficiently, multiple action potentials occur, as can be seen in the responses to the three different current intensities shown in Figure 2.2B (righ ...
... neuron are therefore said to be all-or-none, because they occur fully or not at all. If the amplitude or duration of the stimulus current is increased sufficiently, multiple action potentials occur, as can be seen in the responses to the three different current intensities shown in Figure 2.2B (righ ...
Supplementary Online Materials
... solution. However, differential interaction of these three regions with the bilayer of membrane lipids enables them to fold into acidichydrophobic amphipathic-helices that can flexibly change in different local environments. Comparison of their aliphaticity and hydropathicity indicates that the re ...
... solution. However, differential interaction of these three regions with the bilayer of membrane lipids enables them to fold into acidichydrophobic amphipathic-helices that can flexibly change in different local environments. Comparison of their aliphaticity and hydropathicity indicates that the re ...
Specialization of Oleosins in Oil Body Dynamics
... Using fluorescent dyes and confocal microscopy, we monitored the dynamics of OBs in living Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) embryos at different stages of development. Analyses were carried out with different genotypes: the wild type and three mutants affected in the accumulation of various oleosin ...
... Using fluorescent dyes and confocal microscopy, we monitored the dynamics of OBs in living Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) embryos at different stages of development. Analyses were carried out with different genotypes: the wild type and three mutants affected in the accumulation of various oleosin ...
Multiple Functions of Kip-Related Protein5
... various KRPs induces similar defects in plants, characterized by a stunted growth phenotype and serrated leaf. These defects are attributable to a decrease in cell proliferation as evidenced by reduced leaf cell number (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additiona ...
... various KRPs induces similar defects in plants, characterized by a stunted growth phenotype and serrated leaf. These defects are attributable to a decrease in cell proliferation as evidenced by reduced leaf cell number (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additiona ...
physiology of ion transport across the tonoplast of higher plants
... out using yeast as a model system. The subunits that make up the functional enzyme can be grouped into two categories based on their association with either the peripheral, hydrophilic catalytic sector (V1) or the integral, hydrophobic membrane sector (V0). The V1 sector is composed of five or six s ...
... out using yeast as a model system. The subunits that make up the functional enzyme can be grouped into two categories based on their association with either the peripheral, hydrophilic catalytic sector (V1) or the integral, hydrophobic membrane sector (V0). The V1 sector is composed of five or six s ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics and the ER: The Plant Perspective
... Subcellular compartmentation has enabled eukaryotes to simultaneously establish distinct reaction compartments with discrete protein content that need to be coordinated by interorganellar communication. Compartments are linked by signaling pathways and transport processes of different types of molec ...
... Subcellular compartmentation has enabled eukaryotes to simultaneously establish distinct reaction compartments with discrete protein content that need to be coordinated by interorganellar communication. Compartments are linked by signaling pathways and transport processes of different types of molec ...
Drosophila center divider Gene Is Expressed in CNS Midline Cells
... testis-specific TESK 1 protein kinase. This serine/threonine kinase is distinct from other protein kinases because of sequence differences in the residues conferring substrate specificity. The unique sequence is conserved in C di, suggesting that C di/TESK1 represents a novel class of signaling prot ...
... testis-specific TESK 1 protein kinase. This serine/threonine kinase is distinct from other protein kinases because of sequence differences in the residues conferring substrate specificity. The unique sequence is conserved in C di, suggesting that C di/TESK1 represents a novel class of signaling prot ...
Electron Microscopy of Intermediate Filaments: Teaming up with
... method was employed to visualize the fine details of neurofilaments being crossbridged to microtubules (Hirokawa, 1982) as well as those of keratin IFs and microfilaments in the terminal web from mouse intestinal epithelial cells (Hirokawa et al., 1982). The involvement of plectin in the interaction ...
... method was employed to visualize the fine details of neurofilaments being crossbridged to microtubules (Hirokawa, 1982) as well as those of keratin IFs and microfilaments in the terminal web from mouse intestinal epithelial cells (Hirokawa et al., 1982). The involvement of plectin in the interaction ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... below. and a small aliquot Ž0.5 ml. was incubated with DiI ŽMolecular Probes; 50 m grml. for 30 min at 368C. Meanwhile, the larger part of the cell suspension was counted and diluted to 3 million cells per milliliter in GCM. The stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge ...
... below. and a small aliquot Ž0.5 ml. was incubated with DiI ŽMolecular Probes; 50 m grml. for 30 min at 368C. Meanwhile, the larger part of the cell suspension was counted and diluted to 3 million cells per milliliter in GCM. The stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge ...
Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Gene Expression by
... Figure 1. Expression of the NGF receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y mRNAs in the postnatal day 12 SCG with and without NGF treatment. Northern blot analysis of (a) NGF receptor, (b) tyrosine hydroxylase, and (c) neuropeptide Y mRNAs in equal amounts of total RNA from the SCG of an an ...
... Figure 1. Expression of the NGF receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y mRNAs in the postnatal day 12 SCG with and without NGF treatment. Northern blot analysis of (a) NGF receptor, (b) tyrosine hydroxylase, and (c) neuropeptide Y mRNAs in equal amounts of total RNA from the SCG of an an ...
Role of the leader sequence in tobacco pectin methylesterase
... amino acids (395Q and 396D) (see Fig. 1) substituted by alanines. All constructs were based on the T-DNA of the pBin19 binary vector. LB and KB indicate the left and right borders of T-DNA, respectively. Tnos, transcription terminator of nopaline synthase gene (NOS). (B) PME enzymatic activity in CW ...
... amino acids (395Q and 396D) (see Fig. 1) substituted by alanines. All constructs were based on the T-DNA of the pBin19 binary vector. LB and KB indicate the left and right borders of T-DNA, respectively. Tnos, transcription terminator of nopaline synthase gene (NOS). (B) PME enzymatic activity in CW ...
Osmotic Water Permeability of Isolated Protoplasts. Modifications
... isolated from higher-plant cells. The accuracy of the method was examined and the permeabilities obtained were compared with those from other techniques. Measurements were performed on root, hypocotyl, and leaf protoplasts from several plants. The values for Pos were strongly dependent on the tissue ...
... isolated from higher-plant cells. The accuracy of the method was examined and the permeabilities obtained were compared with those from other techniques. Measurements were performed on root, hypocotyl, and leaf protoplasts from several plants. The values for Pos were strongly dependent on the tissue ...
Characterization of the hepatitis B virus matrix domain function in
... genome is achieved by overlapping cohesive ends since heating of the circular form leads to conversion to the linear form (Sattler and Robinson, 1979). The start of the numbering of the HBV sequence was fixed by convention to be directly after the single EcoRI restriction site due to the fact that r ...
... genome is achieved by overlapping cohesive ends since heating of the circular form leads to conversion to the linear form (Sattler and Robinson, 1979). The start of the numbering of the HBV sequence was fixed by convention to be directly after the single EcoRI restriction site due to the fact that r ...
Yeast lipid metabolism at a glance
... Tamura et al., 2012). Therefore, a lipid transport system must exist to translocate lipids from their site of synthesis to their final destination (Achleitner et al., 1999; Schnabl et al., 2005; Peretti et al., 2008). Due to the very well-conserved mechanisms between all eukaryotes and due to other ...
... Tamura et al., 2012). Therefore, a lipid transport system must exist to translocate lipids from their site of synthesis to their final destination (Achleitner et al., 1999; Schnabl et al., 2005; Peretti et al., 2008). Due to the very well-conserved mechanisms between all eukaryotes and due to other ...
Functional analysis of polar amino
... To determine the intracellular localization of wild-type and mutant NHE1 protein in vivo, transfected cells were grown on glass coverslips to 60±70% confluence. The coverslips were washed three times with NaCl/Pi, pH 7.4 and cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde in NaCl/Pi. Fixation was terminated w ...
... To determine the intracellular localization of wild-type and mutant NHE1 protein in vivo, transfected cells were grown on glass coverslips to 60±70% confluence. The coverslips were washed three times with NaCl/Pi, pH 7.4 and cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde in NaCl/Pi. Fixation was terminated w ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... Abstract—The baroreceptor reflex is critical for homeostatic regulation of blood pressure and is initiated centrally by glutamate release from baroreceptive afferents onto neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract that activates AMPA-type glutamate receptors. The GluR1 subunit of the AMPA recepto ...
... Abstract—The baroreceptor reflex is critical for homeostatic regulation of blood pressure and is initiated centrally by glutamate release from baroreceptive afferents onto neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract that activates AMPA-type glutamate receptors. The GluR1 subunit of the AMPA recepto ...
Antibiotic use and abuse: A threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts
... Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines, the antibiotics most intensively used in livestock and that are also widely applied in biomedical research, interrupt mitochondrial proteostasis and physiology in animals ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lin ...
... Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines, the antibiotics most intensively used in livestock and that are also widely applied in biomedical research, interrupt mitochondrial proteostasis and physiology in animals ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lin ...
Characterization of rat epimorphin/syntaxin 2 expression suggests a
... (40 cycles) was performed using Taq polymerase. As predicted, a 350-bp fragment was isolated. Complete sequence analysis of this partial cDNA revealed 96% nucleic acid identity with mouse epimorphin and 100% identity with rat syntaxin 2 (3). RNase protection assays. We determined by Northern blot an ...
... (40 cycles) was performed using Taq polymerase. As predicted, a 350-bp fragment was isolated. Complete sequence analysis of this partial cDNA revealed 96% nucleic acid identity with mouse epimorphin and 100% identity with rat syntaxin 2 (3). RNase protection assays. We determined by Northern blot an ...
doc PHGY311
... processing. The neuronal signals are transmitted by various neurotransmitters released from the afferent fibers, including glutamate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, -aminobutyric acid, and dopamine. In addition, circulating hormones produced by endocrine organs and ...
... processing. The neuronal signals are transmitted by various neurotransmitters released from the afferent fibers, including glutamate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, -aminobutyric acid, and dopamine. In addition, circulating hormones produced by endocrine organs and ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... assembles a complementary active actin–myosin transport system that propels the vesicles towards the plasma membrane at a lower energy cost [44]. ...
... assembles a complementary active actin–myosin transport system that propels the vesicles towards the plasma membrane at a lower energy cost [44]. ...
Permeability properties of lysosomal membranes
... compared with that in lysosomes from normal patients. The lysosomes were loaded with cystine using the mixed disulphide of cysteine and glutathione or using cystine methyl ester. Despite an initial report to t h e c o n t r a r y (Steinhertz et a l , 1982), the efflux of cystine was c o n s i d e r ...
... compared with that in lysosomes from normal patients. The lysosomes were loaded with cystine using the mixed disulphide of cysteine and glutathione or using cystine methyl ester. Despite an initial report to t h e c o n t r a r y (Steinhertz et a l , 1982), the efflux of cystine was c o n s i d e r ...
PDF
... initiate the asymmetric expression of the TGFb ligand Nodal to coordinate visceral and brain asymmetry (Bisgrove et al., 2003; Liang et al., 2000; McGrath and Brueckner, 2003). In C. elegans AWC asymmetry, calcium also plays a role (Fig. 2). Prior to their interaction, the two AWC olfactory neurons ...
... initiate the asymmetric expression of the TGFb ligand Nodal to coordinate visceral and brain asymmetry (Bisgrove et al., 2003; Liang et al., 2000; McGrath and Brueckner, 2003). In C. elegans AWC asymmetry, calcium also plays a role (Fig. 2). Prior to their interaction, the two AWC olfactory neurons ...
Genetic and molecular identification of genes
... observed, ranging from defects in different stages of early embryo sac development to mutants with apparently normal embryo sacs, but exhibiting defects in processes such as pollen tube guidance, fertilization or early embryo development. Unexpectedly, nearly half of the mutants isolated in this stu ...
... observed, ranging from defects in different stages of early embryo sac development to mutants with apparently normal embryo sacs, but exhibiting defects in processes such as pollen tube guidance, fertilization or early embryo development. Unexpectedly, nearly half of the mutants isolated in this stu ...
Genetic and molecular identification of genes
... observed, ranging from defects in different stages of early embryo sac development to mutants with apparently normal embryo sacs, but exhibiting defects in processes such as pollen tube guidance, fertilization or early embryo development. Unexpectedly, nearly half of the mutants isolated in this stu ...
... observed, ranging from defects in different stages of early embryo sac development to mutants with apparently normal embryo sacs, but exhibiting defects in processes such as pollen tube guidance, fertilization or early embryo development. Unexpectedly, nearly half of the mutants isolated in this stu ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.