University of Groningen Plasticity of airway smooth muscle
... (patho)physiological responses in the airways, including microvascular leakage, bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion and pain perception [1]. Evidence exists to assume the involvement of bradykinin in asthma, since asthmatics display exaggerated bronchoconstrictor responses to bradykinin when compar ...
... (patho)physiological responses in the airways, including microvascular leakage, bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion and pain perception [1]. Evidence exists to assume the involvement of bradykinin in asthma, since asthmatics display exaggerated bronchoconstrictor responses to bradykinin when compar ...
The effect of temperature shifts on protein synthesis
... psychrophiles, psychrotrophs and mesophiles (Ratkowsky et al., 1982, 1983; Reichardt & Morita, 1982). Given the myriad of chemical reactions involved in growth, it would seem likely that the relationship between temperature and metabolic control must be quite complex. It is unclear how cells regulat ...
... psychrophiles, psychrotrophs and mesophiles (Ratkowsky et al., 1982, 1983; Reichardt & Morita, 1982). Given the myriad of chemical reactions involved in growth, it would seem likely that the relationship between temperature and metabolic control must be quite complex. It is unclear how cells regulat ...
How Translocons Select Transmembrane Helices
... iments (10), however, revealed that elongating The key protein of the eukaryotic translo- chains pass through the so-called hydrophocon complex—the one that acts as the switch- bic collar in the middle of SecY (Figure 3d ), ing station—is heterotrimeric Sec61αβγ suggesting that translocon-mediated p ...
... iments (10), however, revealed that elongating The key protein of the eukaryotic translo- chains pass through the so-called hydrophocon complex—the one that acts as the switch- bic collar in the middle of SecY (Figure 3d ), ing station—is heterotrimeric Sec61αβγ suggesting that translocon-mediated p ...
Drosophila ventral furrow morphogenesis: a
... stimulates the small GTPase, Rho, to exchange its bound GDP for GTP, thereby activating Rho. A dominant negative form of Rho also produces ventral furrow defects. In tissue culture cells, Rho has been shown to stimulate stress fiber formation (Hall, 1998). These results indicate that the actin cytos ...
... stimulates the small GTPase, Rho, to exchange its bound GDP for GTP, thereby activating Rho. A dominant negative form of Rho also produces ventral furrow defects. In tissue culture cells, Rho has been shown to stimulate stress fiber formation (Hall, 1998). These results indicate that the actin cytos ...
An Overview on the Physiologic Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous
... “fight-or-flight” reactions and during exercise. 9 The parasympathetic system is predominant during quiet conditions (“rest and digest”). As such, the physiological effects caused by each system are quite predictable. 9 In other words, all of the changes in organ and tissue function induced by the s ...
... “fight-or-flight” reactions and during exercise. 9 The parasympathetic system is predominant during quiet conditions (“rest and digest”). As such, the physiological effects caused by each system are quite predictable. 9 In other words, all of the changes in organ and tissue function induced by the s ...
Tan2
... animal and plant kingdoms suggests that antimicrobial peptides have served a fundamental role in the successful evolution of complex multicellular organisms. The fundamental structural principle underlying all classes is the ability of the molecule to adopt a shape in which clusters of hydrophobic a ...
... animal and plant kingdoms suggests that antimicrobial peptides have served a fundamental role in the successful evolution of complex multicellular organisms. The fundamental structural principle underlying all classes is the ability of the molecule to adopt a shape in which clusters of hydrophobic a ...
Proteomic Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Biofilms
... interior of a mature biofilm experience very different conditions than bacteria at the bulk-fluid interface. Additionally, planktonic cells are continually released from the upper surface of a mature biofilm, further highlighting the diversified nature of such bacterial communities. Given the import ...
... interior of a mature biofilm experience very different conditions than bacteria at the bulk-fluid interface. Additionally, planktonic cells are continually released from the upper surface of a mature biofilm, further highlighting the diversified nature of such bacterial communities. Given the import ...
Cell polarity in early C. elegans development
... The blastomere repositioning experiments of Priess and Thompson (1987) and Wood (1991) discussed above suggested that AB cell fates are established largely via inductions. Induction has also been found to be required for establishment of gut fate in the E lineage, via an induction which functionally ...
... The blastomere repositioning experiments of Priess and Thompson (1987) and Wood (1991) discussed above suggested that AB cell fates are established largely via inductions. Induction has also been found to be required for establishment of gut fate in the E lineage, via an induction which functionally ...
European Journal of Biochemistry
... In order t o study the structure-function relationship o f t h e PhoE protein pore we have isolated five independent. 'I'C'45-resistant, plzoE mutants all of which appeared to produce normal amounts of a n clectrophoretically altered PhoE protein, designated a s PhoE * protein. Nticleotidc sequence ...
... In order t o study the structure-function relationship o f t h e PhoE protein pore we have isolated five independent. 'I'C'45-resistant, plzoE mutants all of which appeared to produce normal amounts of a n clectrophoretically altered PhoE protein, designated a s PhoE * protein. Nticleotidc sequence ...
A second enzyme protecting mineralocorticoid receptors from
... (20). 11-Dehydrocorticosterone (32) and 11b-hydroxy3a,5b-tetrahydroprogesterone are strong inhibitors of 11b-HSD2 (21). These agents all confer Na1 retention on glucocorticoids in adrenalectomized rat (20, 21). Although there is abundant evidence to support the hypothesis that 11b-HSD functions as a ...
... (20). 11-Dehydrocorticosterone (32) and 11b-hydroxy3a,5b-tetrahydroprogesterone are strong inhibitors of 11b-HSD2 (21). These agents all confer Na1 retention on glucocorticoids in adrenalectomized rat (20, 21). Although there is abundant evidence to support the hypothesis that 11b-HSD functions as a ...
Balancing mitochondrial biogenesis and
... in the nematode genome, we found that SKN-1 activity is modulated by cytoplasmic calcium levels via the CaMKII homolog, UNC-43, upon mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings, in their totality, indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are co-regulated by SKN-1. Mitophagy is a pivotal comp ...
... in the nematode genome, we found that SKN-1 activity is modulated by cytoplasmic calcium levels via the CaMKII homolog, UNC-43, upon mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings, in their totality, indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are co-regulated by SKN-1. Mitophagy is a pivotal comp ...
The Chemical Defense Ecology of Marine Unicellular Plankton
... A signal is a directed communication: the transfer of information between two organisms via a biogenic stimulus that can be perceived by a sensory system and evoke an adaptive response (Dusenbery, 1992). Signals received at the cell surface are conveyed intracellularly by several major mechanisms, i ...
... A signal is a directed communication: the transfer of information between two organisms via a biogenic stimulus that can be perceived by a sensory system and evoke an adaptive response (Dusenbery, 1992). Signals received at the cell surface are conveyed intracellularly by several major mechanisms, i ...
Calretinin
... addition of a phosphate group • Molecular “on- off” switch • Alter shape and function • changes how the protein interacts with other proteins or signal molecules, such as Ca2+ ...
... addition of a phosphate group • Molecular “on- off” switch • Alter shape and function • changes how the protein interacts with other proteins or signal molecules, such as Ca2+ ...
A hitchhiker`s guide to the nervous system: the - IGMM
... Axonal retrograde transport also allows peripheral signals to be translated into nuclear responses. For example, receptors that are activated by target‑derived neurotrophins during development create ‘signalling endosomes’, which contain neurotrophin receptor complexes as well as downstream‑activate ...
... Axonal retrograde transport also allows peripheral signals to be translated into nuclear responses. For example, receptors that are activated by target‑derived neurotrophins during development create ‘signalling endosomes’, which contain neurotrophin receptor complexes as well as downstream‑activate ...
Towards an Analysis of the Rice Mitochondrial Proteome
... mitochondrial proteome in a model monocot species. The gel array technique used in the dicot mitochondrial proteome reports has several limitations. In particular, very small (⬍10 kD) and very large (⬎100 kD) proteins, basic proteins (pI ⬎ 10), and hydrophobic proteins (grand average of hydropathici ...
... mitochondrial proteome in a model monocot species. The gel array technique used in the dicot mitochondrial proteome reports has several limitations. In particular, very small (⬍10 kD) and very large (⬎100 kD) proteins, basic proteins (pI ⬎ 10), and hydrophobic proteins (grand average of hydropathici ...
Teacher Guide for Amplify Cell Structure and Function Module
... » Students should note that (i) ATP (energy), which is produced by the mitochondria, is used as an input by both the nucleus and the ribosomes and (ii) mRNA, which is produced by the nucleus, is used by the ribosome. » Ask students how to map these relationships on their worksheets. Students will ge ...
... » Students should note that (i) ATP (energy), which is produced by the mitochondria, is used as an input by both the nucleus and the ribosomes and (ii) mRNA, which is produced by the nucleus, is used by the ribosome. » Ask students how to map these relationships on their worksheets. Students will ge ...
Orphan nuclear receptors: therapeutic opportunities in skeletal muscle
... C203–C217, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00476.2005.—Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that bind DNA and translate physiological signals into gene regulation. The therapeutic utility of NRs is underscored by the diversity of drugs created to manage dysfunctional ...
... C203–C217, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00476.2005.—Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that bind DNA and translate physiological signals into gene regulation. The therapeutic utility of NRs is underscored by the diversity of drugs created to manage dysfunctional ...
Sense Organs - mohamadtermos
... Your taste buds have receptors for different kinds of chemicals: sugar, salt, sours, and bitters. This diagram shows how a sugar molecule can enter a taste bud and bind to an ion channel in the membrane of a receptor cell. The receptor cell then sends neurotransmitters to activate the sensory neuron ...
... Your taste buds have receptors for different kinds of chemicals: sugar, salt, sours, and bitters. This diagram shows how a sugar molecule can enter a taste bud and bind to an ion channel in the membrane of a receptor cell. The receptor cell then sends neurotransmitters to activate the sensory neuron ...
Binding of von Willebrand factor by coagulase
... factor (vWF) acts as an adhesin in bacterial recognition, bacterial binding of recombinant vWF (rvWF) was studied. Eleven CNS strains, belonging to S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis species, bound soluble rvWF, but to a lesser extent than S. aureus. S. epidermidis strain H2-W bound 125 ...
... factor (vWF) acts as an adhesin in bacterial recognition, bacterial binding of recombinant vWF (rvWF) was studied. Eleven CNS strains, belonging to S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis species, bound soluble rvWF, but to a lesser extent than S. aureus. S. epidermidis strain H2-W bound 125 ...
Identification of Both Shared and Distinct Proteins in the Major and
... mBBP or FBP21 (19, 20). Instead, several previously uncharacterized polypeptides were detected. However, a database search with peptide sequences obtained from one of these proteins (U11/U12-35kD) suggested that it may be related to the U1 snRNP-specific 70K protein. To further characterize the U11/ ...
... mBBP or FBP21 (19, 20). Instead, several previously uncharacterized polypeptides were detected. However, a database search with peptide sequences obtained from one of these proteins (U11/U12-35kD) suggested that it may be related to the U1 snRNP-specific 70K protein. To further characterize the U11/ ...
action potential - HCC Learning Web
... neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that is not part of an ion channel • This binding activates a signal transduction pathway involving a second messenger in the postsynaptic cell ...
... neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that is not part of an ion channel • This binding activates a signal transduction pathway involving a second messenger in the postsynaptic cell ...
The Immune System and its Diseases. Part 2. Outline
... responses through Fc receptor and complement‐ mediated pathways • Vasculitis [= inflammation of blood vessels] is often a feature of diseases caused by this mechanism • Systemic lupus erythrematosus is an important disease in this group ...
... responses through Fc receptor and complement‐ mediated pathways • Vasculitis [= inflammation of blood vessels] is often a feature of diseases caused by this mechanism • Systemic lupus erythrematosus is an important disease in this group ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.