Light-Independent Cell Death Induced by
... Halling 1988, Witkowski and Halling 1989). These reports indicate a close relationship between lesion formation and impairment of chlorophyll metabolism. The process of lesion formation by tetrapyrrole accumulation is not fully understood, but it is most likely that initiation of lesion formation is ...
... Halling 1988, Witkowski and Halling 1989). These reports indicate a close relationship between lesion formation and impairment of chlorophyll metabolism. The process of lesion formation by tetrapyrrole accumulation is not fully understood, but it is most likely that initiation of lesion formation is ...
High-throughput screens for fluorescent dye discovery
... function, as well as having to engineer or modify cell lines. In both cases, a protein that identifies a cellular compartment or differentiates a cell state must be known, as screening antibodies or GFP-labeled proteins is mostly impractical. Small-molecule dyes have many experimental advantages by ...
... function, as well as having to engineer or modify cell lines. In both cases, a protein that identifies a cellular compartment or differentiates a cell state must be known, as screening antibodies or GFP-labeled proteins is mostly impractical. Small-molecule dyes have many experimental advantages by ...
The Expanding Role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... developed class of mTOR inhibitors, termed the ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors, have been shown to inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes [28,29]. These mTOR kinase inhibitors are currently under investigation in clinical trials for their use as anticancer agents either alone or in a combin ...
... developed class of mTOR inhibitors, termed the ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors, have been shown to inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes [28,29]. These mTOR kinase inhibitors are currently under investigation in clinical trials for their use as anticancer agents either alone or in a combin ...
Scaffold nucleoporins Nup188 and Nup192 share
... Nup188N is built from 52 stacked helices. They fold into a large right-handed superhelical ring that resembles a lock washer (Figure 1B). Although the overall structure has a general repeat pattern and is built around 2-helix (HEAT repeat), and 3-helix (ARM-repeat) elements, several distinct details ...
... Nup188N is built from 52 stacked helices. They fold into a large right-handed superhelical ring that resembles a lock washer (Figure 1B). Although the overall structure has a general repeat pattern and is built around 2-helix (HEAT repeat), and 3-helix (ARM-repeat) elements, several distinct details ...
The Plant Journal
... DNA-binding domain of LexA as the bait fusions. After transformation of plasmids containing the bait and prey fusions into yeast strain EGY48, we found that the SH3 domains of AtSH3P1 and AtSH3P2 did not interact with either CT1 or CT2 of ADL6 (results not shown). On the other hand, the SH3 domain o ...
... DNA-binding domain of LexA as the bait fusions. After transformation of plasmids containing the bait and prey fusions into yeast strain EGY48, we found that the SH3 domains of AtSH3P1 and AtSH3P2 did not interact with either CT1 or CT2 of ADL6 (results not shown). On the other hand, the SH3 domain o ...
Cryoelectron Tomography: Implications for Actin Cytoskeleton
... neutrophils and other fast moving animal cells.22 Of particular importance are the sites where actin filaments make contacts with the cell plasma membrane, because actinmembrane interactions directly influence changes of the cell shape. Very little is known about structural aspects of these interact ...
... neutrophils and other fast moving animal cells.22 Of particular importance are the sites where actin filaments make contacts with the cell plasma membrane, because actinmembrane interactions directly influence changes of the cell shape. Very little is known about structural aspects of these interact ...
CD1 Proteins, but No Functional CD1d The Bovine CD1 Family
... are structurally related to MHC class I proteins in terms of the overall structure of their three extracellular domains (␣1, ␣2, and ␣3) and association with 2-microglobulin, but the CD1 Ag-binding groove has a hydrophobic surface, unlike MHC molecules. The ␣1 and ␣2 domains, forming the Ag-binding ...
... are structurally related to MHC class I proteins in terms of the overall structure of their three extracellular domains (␣1, ␣2, and ␣3) and association with 2-microglobulin, but the CD1 Ag-binding groove has a hydrophobic surface, unlike MHC molecules. The ␣1 and ␣2 domains, forming the Ag-binding ...
Colorado Agriscience Curriculum
... Slide 15: These two cells are currently in metaphase. What is different from the previous slide where the cell was in prophase? (Looking for: chromosomes line up.) Great, during metaphase the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. Slide 16: What is different from this cell, which is in a ...
... Slide 15: These two cells are currently in metaphase. What is different from the previous slide where the cell was in prophase? (Looking for: chromosomes line up.) Great, during metaphase the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. Slide 16: What is different from this cell, which is in a ...
Metabolic Adaptation and Protein Complexes in Prokaryotes
... good example; with sufficient iron content, its iron-sulfur cluster is present and the enzyme catalyzes isomerization of citrate to isocitrate. However, under low iron, a hidden second activity is apparent: without an iron-sulfur cluster the enzyme binds iron-responsive elements in RNA to block tran ...
... good example; with sufficient iron content, its iron-sulfur cluster is present and the enzyme catalyzes isomerization of citrate to isocitrate. However, under low iron, a hidden second activity is apparent: without an iron-sulfur cluster the enzyme binds iron-responsive elements in RNA to block tran ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
... Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. • Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen. • Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria. ...
... Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. • Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen. • Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria. ...
Full-Text PDF
... Moreover, OST1 functions as a positive regulator of freezing tolerance by regulating CBF transcription factors via phosphorylation of ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression 1) [102]. In Arabidopsis, 76 out of 112 phosphatase genes have been identified as PP2Cs [71,113]. These include nine group A PP2Cs, of ...
... Moreover, OST1 functions as a positive regulator of freezing tolerance by regulating CBF transcription factors via phosphorylation of ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression 1) [102]. In Arabidopsis, 76 out of 112 phosphatase genes have been identified as PP2Cs [71,113]. These include nine group A PP2Cs, of ...
REST/NRSF TARGET GENES IN NEURONAL AND BETA CELLS
... (CNS) and pancreas, whereas the highest expression of the factor is found in tissues including the thymus, placenta, uterus, and oocytes.4,10-12 REST/NRSF prevents or attenuates the transcription of its target genes. This is achieved by binding to a 21-bp RE-1 binding site/neuronrestrictive silencer ...
... (CNS) and pancreas, whereas the highest expression of the factor is found in tissues including the thymus, placenta, uterus, and oocytes.4,10-12 REST/NRSF prevents or attenuates the transcription of its target genes. This is achieved by binding to a 21-bp RE-1 binding site/neuronrestrictive silencer ...
Type="Italic">AtGRP7 is involved in the
... AtGRP7 has been studied before [18, 21], but information about it has been limited to its role in regulating a circadian-regulated negative feedback loop. In this study, we showed that AtGRP7 plays a role in the regulation of ABA and stress responses. First, we found that the expression level of AtG ...
... AtGRP7 has been studied before [18, 21], but information about it has been limited to its role in regulating a circadian-regulated negative feedback loop. In this study, we showed that AtGRP7 plays a role in the regulation of ABA and stress responses. First, we found that the expression level of AtG ...
Glucocorticoid Receptor-mediated Suppression of the Interleukin 2
... The immunosuppressant hormone dexamethasone (Dex) interferes with T cell-specific signals activating the enhancer sequences directing interleukin 2 (IL-2) transcription. We report that the Dex-dependent downregulation of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbo1-13-acetate (TPA) and calcium ionophore-induced activ ...
... The immunosuppressant hormone dexamethasone (Dex) interferes with T cell-specific signals activating the enhancer sequences directing interleukin 2 (IL-2) transcription. We report that the Dex-dependent downregulation of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbo1-13-acetate (TPA) and calcium ionophore-induced activ ...
Choose your fate: artery, vein or lymphatic vessel?
... molecules that are involved in the development of the embryonic vasculature. Their combined actions are required for the specification and development of the arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels; vascular networks that are vital for embryonic and adult survival, and whose malfunction causes major p ...
... molecules that are involved in the development of the embryonic vasculature. Their combined actions are required for the specification and development of the arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels; vascular networks that are vital for embryonic and adult survival, and whose malfunction causes major p ...
Selkoe (Nat Cell Biol
... Over time, it has become clear that presenilin has many substrates, all of which have so far been shown to be single-spanning transmembrane proteins that must first undergo α-secretase-mediated shedding of their ectodomains before presenilin−γ-secretase can cleave within the membrane37. It could be ...
... Over time, it has become clear that presenilin has many substrates, all of which have so far been shown to be single-spanning transmembrane proteins that must first undergo α-secretase-mediated shedding of their ectodomains before presenilin−γ-secretase can cleave within the membrane37. It could be ...
Physico-chemical characteristics of cell walls from Arabidopsis
... cell separation processes is that the cell wall is degraded (Roberts et al., 2002). Plant cell walls are composed primarily of cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses, pectic polysaccharides, and small amounts of structural proteins (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993). Pectins, the major polysaccharides of t ...
... cell separation processes is that the cell wall is degraded (Roberts et al., 2002). Plant cell walls are composed primarily of cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses, pectic polysaccharides, and small amounts of structural proteins (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993). Pectins, the major polysaccharides of t ...
... regulation, choice C involves regulation of glycogen storage and degradation). Choice A: Briefly describe how the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in a liver cell is responsive to the energy needs of the cell. Choice B: Briefly describe how the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in a liver c ...
The Polypeptide Composition of Moving and Stationary
... vimentin, desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Most neurons express several different neurofilament proteins, but the identity of these proteins changes in a sequential and overlapping manner during differentiation and development and may also vary with respect to neuronal cell type [Nix ...
... vimentin, desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Most neurons express several different neurofilament proteins, but the identity of these proteins changes in a sequential and overlapping manner during differentiation and development and may also vary with respect to neuronal cell type [Nix ...
Lessons from a gene regulatory network: echinoderm
... concept of transcriptional gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is proving to be a powerful one in this context. GRNs are ensembles of genes that encode transcription factors (TFs) and the genes that these proteins regulate. A central component of GRN analysis is the dissection of the cis-regulatory cont ...
... concept of transcriptional gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is proving to be a powerful one in this context. GRNs are ensembles of genes that encode transcription factors (TFs) and the genes that these proteins regulate. A central component of GRN analysis is the dissection of the cis-regulatory cont ...
Permanent cell cycle exit in G2 phase after DNA damage in normal
... is that p21 is not essential for initiating G2 arrest but rather contributes to its maintenance. Although widely used, the exact meaning of this concept has remained unclear. The precise role and critical G2 targets of p21 in response to DNA damage have not yet been de®ned, partly due to the use of ...
... is that p21 is not essential for initiating G2 arrest but rather contributes to its maintenance. Although widely used, the exact meaning of this concept has remained unclear. The precise role and critical G2 targets of p21 in response to DNA damage have not yet been de®ned, partly due to the use of ...
Monoclonal antibody 7G3 recognizes the N
... 3% gelatin. Anti-IL-3Ra MoAbs (2 pg/mL) were diluted in TNT buffer containing 1% gelatin and incubated with the filters for 90 minutes. The filters were then incubated with ‘251-proteinA (New England Nuclear) for 45 minutes and washed thoroughly with TNT buffer. Radiolabeled proteins were detected a ...
... 3% gelatin. Anti-IL-3Ra MoAbs (2 pg/mL) were diluted in TNT buffer containing 1% gelatin and incubated with the filters for 90 minutes. The filters were then incubated with ‘251-proteinA (New England Nuclear) for 45 minutes and washed thoroughly with TNT buffer. Radiolabeled proteins were detected a ...
Cell cycle control of cell morphogenesis in Caulobacter Jennifer C
... assembly influences the temporal activity of FlbD. How is information regarding the status of flagellum assembly transduced to FlbD? One critical regulator in this regard is the product of the flix gene, which encodes a 14 kD protein of unknown biochemical function [28,29••]. Strains containing a nu ...
... assembly influences the temporal activity of FlbD. How is information regarding the status of flagellum assembly transduced to FlbD? One critical regulator in this regard is the product of the flix gene, which encodes a 14 kD protein of unknown biochemical function [28,29••]. Strains containing a nu ...
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Ribosomal Protein
... niveoalba) (Fig. 1B through D). These results, together with the results of a DNA-DNA pairing test (18), suggest that these three species might be combined into a single species. The extensive similarities were especially impressive for Microtetraspora roseoviolacea, Microtetraspora salmonea, and Mi ...
... niveoalba) (Fig. 1B through D). These results, together with the results of a DNA-DNA pairing test (18), suggest that these three species might be combined into a single species. The extensive similarities were especially impressive for Microtetraspora roseoviolacea, Microtetraspora salmonea, and Mi ...
Schwann cells - MsPhilip1234
... • What is the charge inside the neuron at rest? • Why is the cell negative inside and positive outside? (be specific) ...
... • What is the charge inside the neuron at rest? • Why is the cell negative inside and positive outside? (be specific) ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.