The Time Course of Signaling at Central Glutamatergic
... In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), glutamate is the main excitatory transmitter. The principles of synaptic communication at glutamatergic synapses, however, appear to be more complex than at the neuromuscular junction. First, glutamatergic synapses differ in morphological properties, su ...
... In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), glutamate is the main excitatory transmitter. The principles of synaptic communication at glutamatergic synapses, however, appear to be more complex than at the neuromuscular junction. First, glutamatergic synapses differ in morphological properties, su ...
Smooth Muscle - Collin College
... Signal molecules that act via this pathway are for example : • Norepinephrine (NE) acting via alpha1-adrenoceptors, • Angiotensin II (AII) acting via AII receptors These receptors are found in systemic blood vessels and thus result in vasoconstriction of the smooth muscle there (result in increase ...
... Signal molecules that act via this pathway are for example : • Norepinephrine (NE) acting via alpha1-adrenoceptors, • Angiotensin II (AII) acting via AII receptors These receptors are found in systemic blood vessels and thus result in vasoconstriction of the smooth muscle there (result in increase ...
Cell cycle progression in response to oxygen levels | SpringerLink
... The regulation of p27 during hypoxia is still an area of debate within the hypoxia field. Several groups have shown that the induction of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 is dependent on HIF1α [62, 66]. Work using mouse embryonic fibroblasts and splenic B lymphocytes demonstrated that cell cycl ...
... The regulation of p27 during hypoxia is still an area of debate within the hypoxia field. Several groups have shown that the induction of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 is dependent on HIF1α [62, 66]. Work using mouse embryonic fibroblasts and splenic B lymphocytes demonstrated that cell cycl ...
Somatotropic axis
... – Affects amount of steroidogenic enzymes • Gender-specific pattern of steroidogenesis ...
... – Affects amount of steroidogenic enzymes • Gender-specific pattern of steroidogenesis ...
Neurological mechanisms involved in orthodontic tooth movement
... dental and surrounding investing tissues, dental pulp, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingiva. These tissues, when exposed to varying degrees of magnitude, frequency, and duration of applied force, undergo various macroscopic and microscopic changes. Orthodontic tooth movement differs mark ...
... dental and surrounding investing tissues, dental pulp, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingiva. These tissues, when exposed to varying degrees of magnitude, frequency, and duration of applied force, undergo various macroscopic and microscopic changes. Orthodontic tooth movement differs mark ...
the pattern of neurodegeneration in huntington`s disease
... All control subjects had previously been in good health with no known history of neurological disease or drug treatment and all had died suddenly without the opportunity of receiving any form of medical treatment. For both control and Huntington’s disease cases, the brains were removed to the Depart ...
... All control subjects had previously been in good health with no known history of neurological disease or drug treatment and all had died suddenly without the opportunity of receiving any form of medical treatment. For both control and Huntington’s disease cases, the brains were removed to the Depart ...
Activation of Metallothionein Gene Expression
... embryo fibroblast; Luc, luciferase; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; HRE, hypoxia response element; CMV, cytomegalovirus. ...
... embryo fibroblast; Luc, luciferase; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; HRE, hypoxia response element; CMV, cytomegalovirus. ...
Severe osmotic compression triggers a slowdown of
... a glass transition. Our results shed light on the physical mechanisms that force cells to cope with volume fluctuations to maintain an optimal protein density compatible with cellular functions. biophysics ...
... a glass transition. Our results shed light on the physical mechanisms that force cells to cope with volume fluctuations to maintain an optimal protein density compatible with cellular functions. biophysics ...
Cell Wall Architecture Prerequisite for the Cell Division in the
... visualization of the cell wall. The first deep-etching study of regenerated cell wall was done by Cooper et al. (1994). However, they showed networks of microfibrils lifted up from the plasma membrane at the very early stage of cell wall regeneration of tobacco protoplasts. No microfibrillar lamella ...
... visualization of the cell wall. The first deep-etching study of regenerated cell wall was done by Cooper et al. (1994). However, they showed networks of microfibrils lifted up from the plasma membrane at the very early stage of cell wall regeneration of tobacco protoplasts. No microfibrillar lamella ...
Cell Wall Architecture Prerequisite for the Cell
... cells. It was shown that both types of cells were capable of withstanding bursting. Furthermore, no substantial change in cell diameter dependent on the swelling was recorded. The architecture of cell wall regenerated from protoplasts—The structure of cell wall regenerated from the mesophyll-derived ...
... cells. It was shown that both types of cells were capable of withstanding bursting. Furthermore, no substantial change in cell diameter dependent on the swelling was recorded. The architecture of cell wall regenerated from protoplasts—The structure of cell wall regenerated from the mesophyll-derived ...
Folie 1 - German Cancer Research Center
... • Ligands of inhibitory (HLA-G) or activating (MIC) Natural Killer cell receptors • Presentation of non-conventional peptides to ?? Cells: In mice, the H-2M locus encodes a nonconventional MHC class I molecule that present peptides that have a formylated methionin (eg also found in prokaryotic organ ...
... • Ligands of inhibitory (HLA-G) or activating (MIC) Natural Killer cell receptors • Presentation of non-conventional peptides to ?? Cells: In mice, the H-2M locus encodes a nonconventional MHC class I molecule that present peptides that have a formylated methionin (eg also found in prokaryotic organ ...
Calcium Imaging and Electron Microscopy by Response to Antigen
... C-␥1 (PLC-␥1) tyrosine phosphorylation, inositol trisphosphate production and Ca2⫹ mobilization, while the overall pattern of immediate tyrosine phosphorylation appears to be normal (8, 9). Thus, Itk in T cells is reminiscent of Btk, another Tec kinase, which controls the Ag-dependent Ca2⫹ response ...
... C-␥1 (PLC-␥1) tyrosine phosphorylation, inositol trisphosphate production and Ca2⫹ mobilization, while the overall pattern of immediate tyrosine phosphorylation appears to be normal (8, 9). Thus, Itk in T cells is reminiscent of Btk, another Tec kinase, which controls the Ag-dependent Ca2⫹ response ...
The Xanthomonas effector XopJ triggers a conditional
... (PGN) or lipopolysaccharides (Macho and Zipfel, 2015). This recognition results in the initiation of intra cellular downstream signaling that leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, defense gene induction, and callose depos ...
... (PGN) or lipopolysaccharides (Macho and Zipfel, 2015). This recognition results in the initiation of intra cellular downstream signaling that leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, defense gene induction, and callose depos ...
Relationship between relative protein value and some in vitro in
... of small peptide fraction (P2) of the enzymatic digests of proteins. These correlations, which agree well with those of Amiot et al. (1981), indicate that better quality proteins yield greater quantities of small peptides than poorer quality ones, while the latter class of proteins yield greater amo ...
... of small peptide fraction (P2) of the enzymatic digests of proteins. These correlations, which agree well with those of Amiot et al. (1981), indicate that better quality proteins yield greater quantities of small peptides than poorer quality ones, while the latter class of proteins yield greater amo ...
Spaceflight and simulated microgravity have been shown to cause
... promote cellular growth and survival[6]. All adhesion-dependent cells appear to be sensitive to mechanical forces, such as vascular smooth cells, cardiomyocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. Striated muscles are particularly responsive to mechanical stress, as evidenced by the fact that cellular size ...
... promote cellular growth and survival[6]. All adhesion-dependent cells appear to be sensitive to mechanical forces, such as vascular smooth cells, cardiomyocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. Striated muscles are particularly responsive to mechanical stress, as evidenced by the fact that cellular size ...
microbiology-1st-edition-wessner-test-bank
... Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify the components of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall, and the functions of these structures. Section Reference: Section 2.4 The cell envelope 19) What conditions must be met in order for an “active transport system” to transport of a nutrient into a ...
... Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify the components of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall, and the functions of these structures. Section Reference: Section 2.4 The cell envelope 19) What conditions must be met in order for an “active transport system” to transport of a nutrient into a ...
An overview of Metabolism - Harford Community College
... Tools for making ATP • To survive cells need to make ATP. • For ATP synthesis the following are required: – oxygen – nutrients/vitamins – mitochondria – enzymes ...
... Tools for making ATP • To survive cells need to make ATP. • For ATP synthesis the following are required: – oxygen – nutrients/vitamins – mitochondria – enzymes ...
Problems of cell death in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer`s Disease
... Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, CA) [45], against several heat-shock proteins, PHF-tau (AT-8), Aβ (4G8), and αsynuclein were used [46,47]. The expression of these substances was not influenced by postmortem delay. Control sections were incubated without primary antibody. In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl ...
... Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, CA) [45], against several heat-shock proteins, PHF-tau (AT-8), Aβ (4G8), and αsynuclein were used [46,47]. The expression of these substances was not influenced by postmortem delay. Control sections were incubated without primary antibody. In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.