Shock
... thus making them Gram positive bacteria – Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. • Some bacteria have a membrane outside the cell wall (thus they have a cell membrane, cell wall and outer membrane). The outer membrane is made up of Lipopolysaccharides. This does not fix the gram stain thus making them Gr ...
... thus making them Gram positive bacteria – Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. • Some bacteria have a membrane outside the cell wall (thus they have a cell membrane, cell wall and outer membrane). The outer membrane is made up of Lipopolysaccharides. This does not fix the gram stain thus making them Gr ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Appetite Regulation
... receptors are highly expressed in the neurons of the hypothalamus, especially the ARC. Leptin binds the long form leptin receptors, Ob-Rb, on the ARC neurons which subsequently induces activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-STAT3 signaling and inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity ...
... receptors are highly expressed in the neurons of the hypothalamus, especially the ARC. Leptin binds the long form leptin receptors, Ob-Rb, on the ARC neurons which subsequently induces activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-STAT3 signaling and inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity ...
Truncated Photosystem Chlorophyll Antenna Size in the Green
... antenna of both photosystems, it can be estimated that the size of the light-harvesting antenna of the photosystems in the tla3 mutant is about one-third of that in the wild type. This observation suggests that there is a substantially smaller Chl antenna size of the photosystems in the mutant. When ...
... antenna of both photosystems, it can be estimated that the size of the light-harvesting antenna of the photosystems in the tla3 mutant is about one-third of that in the wild type. This observation suggests that there is a substantially smaller Chl antenna size of the photosystems in the mutant. When ...
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is
... Each class of group-transfer reaction is carried out by a particular cofactor, which is the substrate for a set of enzymes that produce it and a set of enzymes that consume it. An example of this is the dehydrogenases that use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor. Here, hundreds o ...
... Each class of group-transfer reaction is carried out by a particular cofactor, which is the substrate for a set of enzymes that produce it and a set of enzymes that consume it. An example of this is the dehydrogenases that use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor. Here, hundreds o ...
Chemistry in Everyday Life
... 40. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills? 41. Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain. 42. Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why? 43. What is a soft soap? 44. If soap has ...
... 40. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills? 41. Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain. 42. Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why? 43. What is a soft soap? 44. If soap has ...
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[j26]Chapter 5#
... muscular exercise uses glucose for fuel, athletes are very interested in this next very important process. This pathway involves the conversion of noncarbohydrate molecules (not just lactic acid, but also amino acids and glycerol) through pyruvic acid to make glucose, is called 83. _____. When this ...
... muscular exercise uses glucose for fuel, athletes are very interested in this next very important process. This pathway involves the conversion of noncarbohydrate molecules (not just lactic acid, but also amino acids and glycerol) through pyruvic acid to make glucose, is called 83. _____. When this ...
Identification of Plant Virus Movement-Host Protein
... bial cells and project into the cytoplasm on either side, whereas the tubules described for Tospoviruses and Comoviridae appear to project into the cytoplasm from only one side of the mesophyll cell wall (Ward et al., 1997 and references therein). However, for both types of tubules it is proposed th ...
... bial cells and project into the cytoplasm on either side, whereas the tubules described for Tospoviruses and Comoviridae appear to project into the cytoplasm from only one side of the mesophyll cell wall (Ward et al., 1997 and references therein). However, for both types of tubules it is proposed th ...
Astrocyteneuron interaction in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal
... et al., 2007b). P2X3 receptors located at the terminals of primary sensory afferents forming synapses with dorsal horn neurons of the SG (Nakatsuka et al., 2003) facilitate the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate and hence enforce pain transmission (Gu and MacDermott, 1997). In addition, durin ...
... et al., 2007b). P2X3 receptors located at the terminals of primary sensory afferents forming synapses with dorsal horn neurons of the SG (Nakatsuka et al., 2003) facilitate the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate and hence enforce pain transmission (Gu and MacDermott, 1997). In addition, durin ...
IL-lra - Blood Journal
... underlying this induction, we found that IL-I3 considerably expression from complementary DNA of a human interleukin- I reaugmented the stability of IL-Ira transcripts, from 1.3 hours ceptor antagonist. Nature 343:341, 1990 to 4.5 hours and 12 hours in monocytes and PMN, respec6. Arend WP, Smith MF ...
... underlying this induction, we found that IL-I3 considerably expression from complementary DNA of a human interleukin- I reaugmented the stability of IL-Ira transcripts, from 1.3 hours ceptor antagonist. Nature 343:341, 1990 to 4.5 hours and 12 hours in monocytes and PMN, respec6. Arend WP, Smith MF ...
Schwann cells are activated by ATP released from neurons in an in
... by perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) and parajunctional fibroblasts, and the muscle fibre (MF). A basal lamina separates the pre- and post-synaptic compartments and covers PSCs (Lichtman and Sanes, 1999; Court et al., 2008). This specialized synapse is often exposed to different kinds of pathogens i ...
... by perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) and parajunctional fibroblasts, and the muscle fibre (MF). A basal lamina separates the pre- and post-synaptic compartments and covers PSCs (Lichtman and Sanes, 1999; Court et al., 2008). This specialized synapse is often exposed to different kinds of pathogens i ...
The Arabidopsis SPIKE1 Gene Is Required for Normal Cell Shape
... Szymanski, 2000). The requirements for both microtubules and actin filaments also have been examined during the polarized growth of other leaf cell types. Lateral microtubule association precedes localized secondary wall formation in developing Zinnia tracheary elements and may be sufficient to loca ...
... Szymanski, 2000). The requirements for both microtubules and actin filaments also have been examined during the polarized growth of other leaf cell types. Lateral microtubule association precedes localized secondary wall formation in developing Zinnia tracheary elements and may be sufficient to loca ...
New Insights on Plant Cell Elongation: A Role for Acetylcholine
... could involve secretion via an endocytic vesicle recycling process, at least at the root apex [3–8]. This vesicular secretion closely resembles the synaptic communication in animals [9–12] and, at the same time, supports the neurotransmitter-like concept of auxin [13]. Plants possess many homologous ...
... could involve secretion via an endocytic vesicle recycling process, at least at the root apex [3–8]. This vesicular secretion closely resembles the synaptic communication in animals [9–12] and, at the same time, supports the neurotransmitter-like concept of auxin [13]. Plants possess many homologous ...
The fission yeast cdc19+ gene encodes a member of the MCM
... (Hennessy et al., 1990; Yan et al., 1993). Such controlled nuclear entry could provide another means of regulating the G1 to S phase transition and maintaining the order of events in the cell cycle. In addition, it fulfils one of the expectations of the inferred activity known as licensing factor (B ...
... (Hennessy et al., 1990; Yan et al., 1993). Such controlled nuclear entry could provide another means of regulating the G1 to S phase transition and maintaining the order of events in the cell cycle. In addition, it fulfils one of the expectations of the inferred activity known as licensing factor (B ...
Identification of Plant Virus Movement
... bial cells and project into the cytoplasm on either side, whereas the tubules described for Tospoviruses and Comoviridae appear to project into the cytoplasm from only one side of the mesophyll cell wall (Ward et al., 1997 and references therein). However, for both types of tubules it is proposed th ...
... bial cells and project into the cytoplasm on either side, whereas the tubules described for Tospoviruses and Comoviridae appear to project into the cytoplasm from only one side of the mesophyll cell wall (Ward et al., 1997 and references therein). However, for both types of tubules it is proposed th ...
Article
... cytosol, presumably because RRL contains factors that interfere with the proteasome inhibitors. To assess the role of the chaperone protein, hsp90, in the degradation of apoB48, geldanamycin (GA), an antibiotic that competes for the ATP binding site on hsp90, was added to pelleted CMMs before the de ...
... cytosol, presumably because RRL contains factors that interfere with the proteasome inhibitors. To assess the role of the chaperone protein, hsp90, in the degradation of apoB48, geldanamycin (GA), an antibiotic that competes for the ATP binding site on hsp90, was added to pelleted CMMs before the de ...
Formation of the leading edge boundary
... phosphatase that negatively regulates the kinase activity of JNK. This negative feedback provides one mechanism with which to control the level of signaling through the JNK pathway (Martin-Blanco et al., 1998). Another mechanism could involve limited activation of the pathway initially. ...
... phosphatase that negatively regulates the kinase activity of JNK. This negative feedback provides one mechanism with which to control the level of signaling through the JNK pathway (Martin-Blanco et al., 1998). Another mechanism could involve limited activation of the pathway initially. ...
Evaluation of Different Solvent Types on the Extraction of
... facilitate the release of the cell contents during the cell disruption and extraction process is undoubtedly one of the most crucial initial steps in downstream processing. It is important to enhance the assimilation and bioavailability of the intracellular compounds in the extraction solvent (Safi ...
... facilitate the release of the cell contents during the cell disruption and extraction process is undoubtedly one of the most crucial initial steps in downstream processing. It is important to enhance the assimilation and bioavailability of the intracellular compounds in the extraction solvent (Safi ...
Muscle contraction
... channels (calcium sparks) by a redox process and Inositol triphosphate receptor channels by the second messenger inositol triphosphate. The intracellular calcium binds with calmodulin which then binds and activates myosin-light chain kinase. The calcium-calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase complex p ...
... channels (calcium sparks) by a redox process and Inositol triphosphate receptor channels by the second messenger inositol triphosphate. The intracellular calcium binds with calmodulin which then binds and activates myosin-light chain kinase. The calcium-calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase complex p ...
Ciliogenesis and the DNA damage response: a stressful relationship
... stress signalling pathways. It is interesting to note that the core centriolar factor centrin 2 has both centriolar localisation and a major nuclear component. The latter functionally responds to UV-induced DNA damage and physically interacts with XPC to promote efficient repair of UV-induced DNA le ...
... stress signalling pathways. It is interesting to note that the core centriolar factor centrin 2 has both centriolar localisation and a major nuclear component. The latter functionally responds to UV-induced DNA damage and physically interacts with XPC to promote efficient repair of UV-induced DNA le ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized Amyloid β
... To demonstrate that the export did not result from rupture of the microsomal membranes, the release of the ER-resident chaperone BiP was determined. BiP was not released into the supernatant (Figure 2A, lower panel). In contrast, more than 90% of BiP was released into the supernatant when the micros ...
... To demonstrate that the export did not result from rupture of the microsomal membranes, the release of the ER-resident chaperone BiP was determined. BiP was not released into the supernatant (Figure 2A, lower panel). In contrast, more than 90% of BiP was released into the supernatant when the micros ...
1 - UvA-DARE - University of Amsterdam
... 2014). Interestingly, GFAP isoform transcripts have been shown to have a specific subcellular localization in mouse astrocytes. Both GFAPα and GFAPδ mRNAs were localized in the cell soma but only GFAPα mRNA was also present in the cell protrusions. The 3’-UTR sequences of both splice variants might ...
... 2014). Interestingly, GFAP isoform transcripts have been shown to have a specific subcellular localization in mouse astrocytes. Both GFAPα and GFAPδ mRNAs were localized in the cell soma but only GFAPα mRNA was also present in the cell protrusions. The 3’-UTR sequences of both splice variants might ...
Synaptic and peptidergic connectome of a neurosecretory
... Nervous system signalling occurs either at synapses or via secreted diffusible chemicals that signal to target cells expressing specific receptors. Synapse-level connectomics using electron microscopy allows mapping synaptic networks, but fails to reveal non-synaptic signalling. In addition to actin ...
... Nervous system signalling occurs either at synapses or via secreted diffusible chemicals that signal to target cells expressing specific receptors. Synapse-level connectomics using electron microscopy allows mapping synaptic networks, but fails to reveal non-synaptic signalling. In addition to actin ...
BIOINFORMATICS ORIGINAL PAPER Going from where to why—interpretable prediction of protein subcellular localization
... subcellular localization that addresses these issues. Due to its simple architecture, YLoc can identify the relevant features of a protein sequence contributing to its subcellular localization, e.g. localization signals or motifs relevant to protein sorting. We present several example applications w ...
... subcellular localization that addresses these issues. Due to its simple architecture, YLoc can identify the relevant features of a protein sequence contributing to its subcellular localization, e.g. localization signals or motifs relevant to protein sorting. We present several example applications w ...
Poster GIGA DAY Lechanteur
... Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) such as HPV16 and HPV18 can induce cervical cancer. In this case, the two HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are essential players in order to immortalize keratinocytes by decreasing tumor suppressor genes (p53 and pRb). Gene therapy is a promising strategy to treat cancer in or ...
... Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) such as HPV16 and HPV18 can induce cervical cancer. In this case, the two HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are essential players in order to immortalize keratinocytes by decreasing tumor suppressor genes (p53 and pRb). Gene therapy is a promising strategy to treat cancer in or ...
Predicting drug-target interaction in cancers using homology
... DNA has been a major target for anticancer drugs. The effects of nucleic acid binding drugs are known for various diseases such as cancer. The different modes of drug binding to DNA include intercalation between adjacent base pairs, intrusion into the minor groove and into the major groove. In silic ...
... DNA has been a major target for anticancer drugs. The effects of nucleic acid binding drugs are known for various diseases such as cancer. The different modes of drug binding to DNA include intercalation between adjacent base pairs, intrusion into the minor groove and into the major groove. In silic ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.