University of Groningen How to get (a)round Pinho, Mariana
... cells to curved, spiral or even square bacteria, implies that there are different mechanisms guiding proper cell growth and division. In most bacteria, cell shape is maintained by the cell wall peptidoglycan sacculus, a sack-like macromolecule that encases the cytoplasmic membrane and is composed of ...
... cells to curved, spiral or even square bacteria, implies that there are different mechanisms guiding proper cell growth and division. In most bacteria, cell shape is maintained by the cell wall peptidoglycan sacculus, a sack-like macromolecule that encases the cytoplasmic membrane and is composed of ...
In Vivo Selection Yields AAV-B1 Capsid for Central
... comprised of 60 subunits of VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins in a ratio of ~1:1:10, and an encapsidated single-stranded DNA viral genome. In addition to protecting the genome, the capsid mediates interactions with cell surface receptors and postentry intracellular trafficking and as such, is the ma ...
... comprised of 60 subunits of VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins in a ratio of ~1:1:10, and an encapsidated single-stranded DNA viral genome. In addition to protecting the genome, the capsid mediates interactions with cell surface receptors and postentry intracellular trafficking and as such, is the ma ...
Full Text
... studies. with the 4 monoclonal antibodies. demonstrated 3 distinct, developmental stage-specific patterns of cytodistribution of these four prosome polypeptides in the embryos. During early embryogenesis, these are uniformly nuclear in location, while at later stages (stage 4 onwards) they are also ...
... studies. with the 4 monoclonal antibodies. demonstrated 3 distinct, developmental stage-specific patterns of cytodistribution of these four prosome polypeptides in the embryos. During early embryogenesis, these are uniformly nuclear in location, while at later stages (stage 4 onwards) they are also ...
Physcomitrella Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Links
... The results from flow cytometry and microphotometry consistently imply that gametophore blade cells are arrested in G2. However, unexpectedly, in cells induced to reprogram, but before cytokinesis, we found that 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) was incorporated in leaf cell nuclei (Figures 1H to 1L). ...
... The results from flow cytometry and microphotometry consistently imply that gametophore blade cells are arrested in G2. However, unexpectedly, in cells induced to reprogram, but before cytokinesis, we found that 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) was incorporated in leaf cell nuclei (Figures 1H to 1L). ...
Roles of vaccinia virus EEV-specific proteins in intracellular actin tail
... type and HeLa cells produced appreciably more intracellular actin tails than BS-C-1 cells (compare Fig. 1 a and 1 d and Fig. 2 a with Fig. 3 a and 3 b). It was possible that the lack of actin tails seen after infection with some viruses was due to altered kinetics of tail formation rather then an ab ...
... type and HeLa cells produced appreciably more intracellular actin tails than BS-C-1 cells (compare Fig. 1 a and 1 d and Fig. 2 a with Fig. 3 a and 3 b). It was possible that the lack of actin tails seen after infection with some viruses was due to altered kinetics of tail formation rather then an ab ...
Cellular control of cholesterol
... Cells also decrease HMG-CoA reductase activity when cholesterol levels are high. The transmembrane domains in HMG-CoA reductase are sterol sensing domains. They interact with an intermediary product in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, lanosterol. When cholesterol levels are high, lanosterol acc ...
... Cells also decrease HMG-CoA reductase activity when cholesterol levels are high. The transmembrane domains in HMG-CoA reductase are sterol sensing domains. They interact with an intermediary product in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, lanosterol. When cholesterol levels are high, lanosterol acc ...
resting membrane potential
... Figure 7.4 Functional classes of neurons. Afferent neurons originate in the periphery with sensory or visceral receptors. The peripheral axons of afferent neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system, but the axon terminals are located in the central nervous system, where they communicate with ...
... Figure 7.4 Functional classes of neurons. Afferent neurons originate in the periphery with sensory or visceral receptors. The peripheral axons of afferent neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system, but the axon terminals are located in the central nervous system, where they communicate with ...
Protocells: At the Interface of Life and Non-Life
... The key point is: a functional molecule (either a protein or an RNA) typically has only one function (two occasionally and at most several in some rare cases). Therefore, given that more and more functions would emerge through evolution, more and more functional molecules would become involved in th ...
... The key point is: a functional molecule (either a protein or an RNA) typically has only one function (two occasionally and at most several in some rare cases). Therefore, given that more and more functions would emerge through evolution, more and more functional molecules would become involved in th ...
Mechanics of the Cvtoskeleton
... Abstract This chapter summarizesevidencefor a cytoskeletalfunction in tensegral integrationon both the organismaland the cellular levels.The plant cytoskeleton consistsof two major elements,microtubulesand actin filaments.The spatial organization of these elements is highly dynamic and changes funda ...
... Abstract This chapter summarizesevidencefor a cytoskeletalfunction in tensegral integrationon both the organismaland the cellular levels.The plant cytoskeleton consistsof two major elements,microtubulesand actin filaments.The spatial organization of these elements is highly dynamic and changes funda ...
Roles of vaccinia virus EEV-specific proteins in intracellular actin tail
... type and HeLa cells produced appreciably more intracellular actin tails than BS-C-1 cells (compare Fig. 1 a and 1 d and Fig. 2 a with Fig. 3 a and 3 b). It was possible that the lack of actin tails seen after infection with some viruses was due to altered kinetics of tail formation rather then an ab ...
... type and HeLa cells produced appreciably more intracellular actin tails than BS-C-1 cells (compare Fig. 1 a and 1 d and Fig. 2 a with Fig. 3 a and 3 b). It was possible that the lack of actin tails seen after infection with some viruses was due to altered kinetics of tail formation rather then an ab ...
PDF
... and transverse optical sectioning of live hoxb1b−/−;Gt(CtnnaCitrine)ct3a embryos (Fig. 1C), we mapped the tissue structure defects specifically to the dorsal part of r3/4, often resulting in duplicated small lumina at lateral positions. To uncover the critical time window for Hoxb1b function in norm ...
... and transverse optical sectioning of live hoxb1b−/−;Gt(CtnnaCitrine)ct3a embryos (Fig. 1C), we mapped the tissue structure defects specifically to the dorsal part of r3/4, often resulting in duplicated small lumina at lateral positions. To uncover the critical time window for Hoxb1b function in norm ...
IRK-1 Potassium Channels Mediate Peptidergic Inhibition
... G-protein signaling. Vulval muscles express two Gq-coupled serotonin receptors that promote muscle contraction: SER-1 and SER-7 (Carnell et al., 2005; Hobson et al., 2006). Egg-laying behavior is inhibited by Go signaling in the HSNs (Mendel et al., 1995; Ségalat et al., 1995; Tanis et al., 2008). ...
... G-protein signaling. Vulval muscles express two Gq-coupled serotonin receptors that promote muscle contraction: SER-1 and SER-7 (Carnell et al., 2005; Hobson et al., 2006). Egg-laying behavior is inhibited by Go signaling in the HSNs (Mendel et al., 1995; Ségalat et al., 1995; Tanis et al., 2008). ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULES SHOWING
... PRINS (Psoriasis susceptibility-related RNA gene INduced by Stress), identified by our research group, is a 3681 nucleotide-long ncRNA molecule, transcribed by RNA polymerase II. BLAST searches (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) revealed that the PRINS gene is specific for anthropoid primates ...
... PRINS (Psoriasis susceptibility-related RNA gene INduced by Stress), identified by our research group, is a 3681 nucleotide-long ncRNA molecule, transcribed by RNA polymerase II. BLAST searches (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) revealed that the PRINS gene is specific for anthropoid primates ...
Molecular Cell Biology
... autophagy The degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by their enclosure in vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum that fuse with lysosomes. autoradiography The detection of radioisotopically labeled molecules by exposure to X-ray film. axonemal dynein The type of dynein found in cilia a ...
... autophagy The degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by their enclosure in vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum that fuse with lysosomes. autoradiography The detection of radioisotopically labeled molecules by exposure to X-ray film. axonemal dynein The type of dynein found in cilia a ...
Role of lipids in the translocation of proteins across membranes
... also give rise to the protonation of negatively charged side chains, facilitating their insertion into the membrane [34]. Furthermore, the size of the headgroup is of importance, i.e. bulky headgroups leave less space for proteins to insert. Regulation of acyl chain composition is important to keep ...
... also give rise to the protonation of negatively charged side chains, facilitating their insertion into the membrane [34]. Furthermore, the size of the headgroup is of importance, i.e. bulky headgroups leave less space for proteins to insert. Regulation of acyl chain composition is important to keep ...
Expression and V (D) J recombination activity of mutated RAG
... Tests of the functionality of RAG-1 and RAG-2 are most conveniently carried out in transfected fibroblasts ([1]), with the help of a recombination assay using extrachromosomal substrates that was previously developed in this laboratory ([7]). A combination of plasmid DNAs can be delivered to recipie ...
... Tests of the functionality of RAG-1 and RAG-2 are most conveniently carried out in transfected fibroblasts ([1]), with the help of a recombination assay using extrachromosomal substrates that was previously developed in this laboratory ([7]). A combination of plasmid DNAs can be delivered to recipie ...
Low-temperature anaerobic digestion is associated with differential
... methane from both CO2 and acetate (see corresponding proteins in Table 1) at the time of sampling. Interestingly, a subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase, catalyzing the last step of methanogenesis, assigned to Methanoculleus marisnigri (Methanomicrobiales) showed reduced levels of expression as th ...
... methane from both CO2 and acetate (see corresponding proteins in Table 1) at the time of sampling. Interestingly, a subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase, catalyzing the last step of methanogenesis, assigned to Methanoculleus marisnigri (Methanomicrobiales) showed reduced levels of expression as th ...
PROTEINS IN NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC INTERACTIONS III
... present. In the light of this synchrony, the remaining 19 undivided amebae were considered to have been in a late part of the G2 stage at the time of nuclear isolations. All nuclei were isolated in a spermidine-triton solution (4). T h e mean radioactive protein content of these 19 G2 nuclei was 413 ...
... present. In the light of this synchrony, the remaining 19 undivided amebae were considered to have been in a late part of the G2 stage at the time of nuclear isolations. All nuclei were isolated in a spermidine-triton solution (4). T h e mean radioactive protein content of these 19 G2 nuclei was 413 ...
Mechanism of translation of the bicistronic mRNA encoding human
... sequences flanking the E7 i n i t i a t i o n c o d o n , only approx. 40 % a n d 65 % i n h i b i t i o n levels were observed at 100 a n d 200 gM-AE7. A E 7 also h a d some effect o n the expression of the E6 gene especially w h e n a d d e d in a m o u n t s of 200 JaM. This non-specific i n h i ...
... sequences flanking the E7 i n i t i a t i o n c o d o n , only approx. 40 % a n d 65 % i n h i b i t i o n levels were observed at 100 a n d 200 gM-AE7. A E 7 also h a d some effect o n the expression of the E6 gene especially w h e n a d d e d in a m o u n t s of 200 JaM. This non-specific i n h i ...
ZOO-302CR:(1.4)CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE
... Fig. 1. The five distinct phases of the cell cycle are each controlled by specific cyclin/CDK complexes. The cyclin/CDK complexes in turn are negatively regulated by CIP/KIP and INK4 CDKI family members. E2F transcription factors function at the restriction point (R), leading to the activation of ge ...
... Fig. 1. The five distinct phases of the cell cycle are each controlled by specific cyclin/CDK complexes. The cyclin/CDK complexes in turn are negatively regulated by CIP/KIP and INK4 CDKI family members. E2F transcription factors function at the restriction point (R), leading to the activation of ge ...
Fatty acid
... First the blue rectangle must appear followed by the two ovals and an alcohol attached to the phosphate. The platform to which and then the green rectangle and finally the violet the fatty acids are linked may be glycerol or sphingosine. parallelogram. Next, the structure on bottom right must appear ...
... First the blue rectangle must appear followed by the two ovals and an alcohol attached to the phosphate. The platform to which and then the green rectangle and finally the violet the fatty acids are linked may be glycerol or sphingosine. parallelogram. Next, the structure on bottom right must appear ...
Topic: Developmental biology Extra
... The Atp6v0a4-null line, in which a LacZ reporter cassette replaced part of the gene, was used to study novel locations of the a4 subunit. Initially, using β-galactosidase as a reporter for the null gene, a4 expression was investigated in a range of tissues and RT-PCR was used to detect the expressio ...
... The Atp6v0a4-null line, in which a LacZ reporter cassette replaced part of the gene, was used to study novel locations of the a4 subunit. Initially, using β-galactosidase as a reporter for the null gene, a4 expression was investigated in a range of tissues and RT-PCR was used to detect the expressio ...
Current Topics Intrinsic Disorder and Protein Function†
... and disordered regions that exist within the same protein. Faster rates of evolution were observed for several disordered regions (26). Functionally crucial side chain interactions within the ordered cores are thought to be responsible for slow rates of evolutionary change for ordered proteins. The ...
... and disordered regions that exist within the same protein. Faster rates of evolution were observed for several disordered regions (26). Functionally crucial side chain interactions within the ordered cores are thought to be responsible for slow rates of evolutionary change for ordered proteins. The ...
introduction - Macmillan Learning
... helper cells and cytotoxic T processes. Without effeccells. T helper cells express Dendritic cell, an antigen-presenting cell. tive protective mechathe membrane glycopronisms, each of us would soon succumb to diseases caused by tein called CD4; when activated, these cells secrete numerous microorgan ...
... helper cells and cytotoxic T processes. Without effeccells. T helper cells express Dendritic cell, an antigen-presenting cell. tive protective mechathe membrane glycopronisms, each of us would soon succumb to diseases caused by tein called CD4; when activated, these cells secrete numerous microorgan ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.