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Cell Cycle - CiteSeerX
Cell Cycle - CiteSeerX

... functional genomics datasets, delineating on a genomic scale regulatory mechanisms that control the human cell cycle transcriptional program.22 We identified a significant statistical over-representation of several TF binding site (BS) signatures on promoters of cell cycle regulated genes. Among the ...
Formation of crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum in
Formation of crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum in

... minutes, then the pellet was fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde dissolved in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4, for 1 hour, postfixed in 1% OsO4, dehydrated in a series of ethanols, then embedded in Epon. Immunoelectron microscopy on frozen ultrathin sections Frozen ultramicrotomy was performed as describ ...
Identification of a family of BspA like surface proteins of Entamoeba
Identification of a family of BspA like surface proteins of Entamoeba

... worldwide [1]. E. histolytica trophozoites invade into submucosal tissues of the colon, which brings them into contact with extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Amebic contact with fibronectin induces alterations in actin polymerization, trophozoite motility, an ...
University of Groningen The role of antibodies in controlling
University of Groningen The role of antibodies in controlling

... Besides the mildly acidic endosomal pH, it is the composition of the target membrane that plays an important role in the membrane fusion process of flaviviruses. In vitro studies have revealed that flaviviruses such as TBEV and WNV have the capacity to fuse with artificial receptor-free lipid membra ...
Organelle Project - WLPCS Upper School
Organelle Project - WLPCS Upper School

... An analogy with explanation: If the cell were a city or Washington Latin or a factory etc., what would this organelle be? (Ex. If the cell was restaurant, the nucleus would like a cookbook because it contains recipes (directions) for making many types of meals) ...
Genome-wide gene expression in uro mutant
Genome-wide gene expression in uro mutant

... the uro hypocotyl is severely blocked, resulting in reduced numbers of vascular cells and much less accumulated lignin in the secondary cell walls of both hypocotyl and stem. Cellulose is known to be another important composition in forming secondary cell walls. In addition to lignin, cellulose cont ...
What is the neuron`s resting potential?
What is the neuron`s resting potential?

... What causes a neuron to produce an action potential? • A neuron produces an action potential or “fires” when it generates and conducts an electrochemical signal. • A given neuron receives electrochemical signals from thousands of adjacent neurons. The terminal buttons of adjacent neurons “synapse” ...
GFP is the way to glow: bioimaging of the plant endomembrane
GFP is the way to glow: bioimaging of the plant endomembrane

... and microfilaments labelled with fluorescent proteins. 2.3. Golgi imaging in vivo Studies on the dynamics of the plant Golgi are relatively young in comparison with their mammalian counterparts, due to the absence of genuine plant Golgi enzymes to be fused to GFP and used as in vivo markers. The fir ...
Identification of Isoforms of a Mitotic Motor in Mammalian Spermatogenesis
Identification of Isoforms of a Mitotic Motor in Mammalian Spermatogenesis

... protein found in the testes. The complete sequence of the KIFC5A cDNA is homologous to a group of carboxyl-terminal motors, including hamster CHO2, human HSET, and mouse KIFC1 and KIFC4. The KIFC5A and KIFC1 cDNAs are nearly identical except for the presence of two additional sequence blocks in the ...
Deciphering Transcriptional Regulatory Elements that Encode
Deciphering Transcriptional Regulatory Elements that Encode

... functional genomics datasets, delineating on a genomic scale regulatory mechanisms that control the human cell cycle transcriptional program.22 We identified a significant statistical over-representation of several TF binding site (BS) signatures on promoters of cell cycle regulated genes. Among the ...
The Relationship between Chemiosmotic Parameters
The Relationship between Chemiosmotic Parameters

... condition for the following treatment being that only the fully protonated form is significantly membrane-permeable. The concentrations of the anionic form in the two phases are related by a consideration of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in each phase and equating the internal and external conc ...
Synapse
Synapse

... activated (by replacement of its GDP with GTP) → separates the α component from the G-protein. •The separated active α component can perform; 1. Opening specific ion channels e.g. 2nd- messenger gated K channels 2. Activation of particular enzymes→ catalyze the formation of the 2nd messengers, such ...
Using glyco-engineering to produce therapeutic proteins
Using glyco-engineering to produce therapeutic proteins

... glycosylation efficiency are dependent on the manufacturing system (e.g., organism/cell-type-specific) and protein intrinsic features. The presence of the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequon is necessary but not sufficient for N-glycosylation of mammalian proteins. While all eukaryotic cells have an overall conser ...
The grass leaf developmental gradient as a
The grass leaf developmental gradient as a

... a mechanistic understanding of C4 anatomy. This review will describe the emerging opportunity to use systems approaches to understand how veins, PD, gas diffusion barriers, and BS are specialized into C4 anatomical patterns. Comprehensive transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and quantitative anatomi ...
Chapter 5 Macromolecules
Chapter 5 Macromolecules

... • When phospholipids are added to water, they self-assemble into a bilayer, with the hydrophobic tails pointing toward the interior • The structure of phospholipids results in a bilayer arrangement found in cell membranes • Phospholipids are the major component of all cell membranes ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... They have “binding domains” that bind DNA in particular ways. HTH = “helix-turn-helix” One class of important HTH TF’s contain specific sequences of AA’s called a homeodomain. This is encoded by a 180 bp region in it’s gene called a homeobox. These homeotic genes/proteins are conserved across all eu ...
Presence of methyl sterol and bacteriohopanepolyol
Presence of methyl sterol and bacteriohopanepolyol

... and the SDS-PAGE analysis of membrane proteins (Fig. 1). The amount of material recovered in I1 varied widely between experiments; in some, band I1 was not observed, and in others it accounted for as much as 40% of the total recovered protein and phospholipid. A substantial increase in band I1 resul ...
New insight into pathogenesis of medical diseases
New insight into pathogenesis of medical diseases

... and adipose tissue. Triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFA) in the body are a limited supply. The protein of the body tissues is a large reservoir of energy but is not used under normal circumstances. The role of each of these macro nutrients during exercise is an important consideration The body s ...
Document
Document

... A bacterium is a single-celled organism. A bacterial cell has a different structure to an animal or plant cell. It has cytoplasm, a membrane and a surrounding cell wall, but the genetic material in a bacterial cell is not in a distinct nucleus. ...
Vitaminler - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
Vitaminler - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk

... 11-cis retinal 11-cis retinal goes to rod cells and binds with protein called opsin to form visual pigment called rhodopsin isomerization of 11-cis retinal to all-trans retinal ...
Building mammalian signalling pathways with RNAi screens
Building mammalian signalling pathways with RNAi screens

... Several studies have shown that, in animals, miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II to generate long primary polyadenylated RNAs (pri-miRNAs)34,35. The primiRNA is recognized and cleaved at a specific site by the nuclear Microprocessor complex to produce a hairpin miRNA precursor (pre-miRNA) of ...
Supplementary Table VI. List of Deletions/Hypomorphic Alleles
Supplementary Table VI. List of Deletions/Hypomorphic Alleles

... Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for ADP ribosylation factors involved in proliferation of the Golgi, intra-Golgi transport and ER-to-Golgi transport; found in the cytoplasm and on Golgi-associated coated vesicles Hydrophilic protein involved in vesicle trafficking between the ER and Golgi; ...
Physcomitrella Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Links
Physcomitrella Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Links

... The results from flow cytometry and microphotometry consistently imply that gametophore blade cells are arrested in G2. However, unexpectedly, in cells induced to reprogram, but before cytokinesis, we found that 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) was incorporated in leaf cell nuclei (Figures 1H to 1L). ...
Day1 chick development
Day1 chick development

... The amniotes consist of two major groups of vertebrate animals, the synapsids (prototherian, metatherian, and eutherian mammals) and sauropsids (reptiles and birds) (Fig. 1A). Two species, the mouse representing the mammals and the chick representing the birds/reptiles, are currently used as the ben ...
In Vivo Selection Yields AAV-B1 Capsid for Central
In Vivo Selection Yields AAV-B1 Capsid for Central

... comprised of 60 subunits of VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins in a ratio of ~1:1:10, and an encapsidated single-stranded DNA viral genome. In addition to protecting the genome, the capsid mediates interactions with cell surface receptors and postentry intracellular trafficking and as such, is the ma ...
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Signal transduction



Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.
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