A Microbial Avenue to Cell Cycle Control in the Plant
... In contrast, mutants that retained cell integrity were generally slower growing than the div mutants (with one clear exception; see below). We tested many for initiation of DNA replication, and all were negative. Since these mutants fail to exhibit any sign of cell cycle initiation (no DNA replicati ...
... In contrast, mutants that retained cell integrity were generally slower growing than the div mutants (with one clear exception; see below). We tested many for initiation of DNA replication, and all were negative. Since these mutants fail to exhibit any sign of cell cycle initiation (no DNA replicati ...
UNIT I Biomolecules - McGraw
... increase when the concentration of the substrate increases. Temperature is also a factor that can alter enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature for functioning. In humans this is typically body temperature (37◦ C). At lower temperatures, the enzyme is less efficient. Increasing the t ...
... increase when the concentration of the substrate increases. Temperature is also a factor that can alter enzyme activity. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature for functioning. In humans this is typically body temperature (37◦ C). At lower temperatures, the enzyme is less efficient. Increasing the t ...
as a PDF
... not clear yet how the signal is transmitted from the spindle pole body to the bud neck and especially which role Kin4 plays at this place. If cytokinesis is not followed by cell separation, the result will be a tissue or, as in the case of filamentous fungi, a septated hypha. As a difference to animal ...
... not clear yet how the signal is transmitted from the spindle pole body to the bud neck and especially which role Kin4 plays at this place. If cytokinesis is not followed by cell separation, the result will be a tissue or, as in the case of filamentous fungi, a septated hypha. As a difference to animal ...
Ketone Bodies Mimic the Life Span Extending
... in regulating cellular function and aging including stimulating apoptosis (29) that likely helps prevent tumorigenicity (30). FOXO proteins are modified post-translationally by acetylation and phosphorylation, which are regulated by many factors including metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stre ...
... in regulating cellular function and aging including stimulating apoptosis (29) that likely helps prevent tumorigenicity (30). FOXO proteins are modified post-translationally by acetylation and phosphorylation, which are regulated by many factors including metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stre ...
Wang YY, Kuang A, Russell SD, Tian HQ. 2006. In vitro fertilization
... abundance during gametic cell maturation, which was the first report of male germ lineage specific expression in a higher plant. Xu et al. (1999b) also isolated a male gametic cell-specific gene, LGC1, and confirmed its expression, demonstrating that the gene product was localized on the surface of male ...
... abundance during gametic cell maturation, which was the first report of male germ lineage specific expression in a higher plant. Xu et al. (1999b) also isolated a male gametic cell-specific gene, LGC1, and confirmed its expression, demonstrating that the gene product was localized on the surface of male ...
Diabetes (type II) treatment, Dec. 7
... – Investigate how T2384 reduces fat accumulation and increases insulin sensitivity – Create and explore other drugs through structurebased drug design that bind to S pocket and note effects on PPARγ ...
... – Investigate how T2384 reduces fat accumulation and increases insulin sensitivity – Create and explore other drugs through structurebased drug design that bind to S pocket and note effects on PPARγ ...
Regulation of Glycolysis - Valdosta State University
... Regulation of Metabolic Pathways • Systems must respond to conditions • Homeostasis is not equilibrium • Dynamic Steady State – Flux - Rate of metabolic flow of material through pathways • Many ways to regulate – for example – At the protein level (e.g. allosteric control) – At the gene level – At t ...
... Regulation of Metabolic Pathways • Systems must respond to conditions • Homeostasis is not equilibrium • Dynamic Steady State – Flux - Rate of metabolic flow of material through pathways • Many ways to regulate – for example – At the protein level (e.g. allosteric control) – At the gene level – At t ...
Eagleman Ch 14. Motivation and Reward
... Neurotransmitters Are Messengers, Not Functions A neurotransmitter can have many different effects in different parts of the brain. The exact effects depend on the timing of the release or on the receptor involved. ...
... Neurotransmitters Are Messengers, Not Functions A neurotransmitter can have many different effects in different parts of the brain. The exact effects depend on the timing of the release or on the receptor involved. ...
pdf View
... The genes that mediate retinal development form a regulatory network, the Retinal Determination Network (RDN), rather than a single signalling cascade (Fig. 2A). This network is characterized by complex interactions among its members, autoregulatory and feedback loops. Another characteristic of the ...
... The genes that mediate retinal development form a regulatory network, the Retinal Determination Network (RDN), rather than a single signalling cascade (Fig. 2A). This network is characterized by complex interactions among its members, autoregulatory and feedback loops. Another characteristic of the ...
Regulation of microtubule dynamics by microtubule
... However the molecular mechanisms responsible tor the MAPstimulated microtubule stabilization are still unclear. One possibility is that the binding of MAPs to the microtubule lattice would simply diminish the rate of loss of tubulin from the polymer. Additionally, the binding of MAPs may increase th ...
... However the molecular mechanisms responsible tor the MAPstimulated microtubule stabilization are still unclear. One possibility is that the binding of MAPs to the microtubule lattice would simply diminish the rate of loss of tubulin from the polymer. Additionally, the binding of MAPs may increase th ...
An Introduction to Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
... • Arriving stimulus reaches cortical neurons via labeled line • Takes many forms (modalities) • Physical force (such as pressure) • Dissolved chemical • Sound • Light ...
... • Arriving stimulus reaches cortical neurons via labeled line • Takes many forms (modalities) • Physical force (such as pressure) • Dissolved chemical • Sound • Light ...
Mechanisms of the Spectral Shifts for Retinitis Pigmentosa Mutants
... spectra (27, 36). At present, spectral properties of rhodopsin can be studied with reasonable exactness using combined QM/MM approaches (36). Specific conditions are important for an accurate calculation of the absorption spectra: (a) highly accurate methods must be used, (b) geometrical parameters ...
... spectra (27, 36). At present, spectral properties of rhodopsin can be studied with reasonable exactness using combined QM/MM approaches (36). Specific conditions are important for an accurate calculation of the absorption spectra: (a) highly accurate methods must be used, (b) geometrical parameters ...
Supporting Information
... We detected the Dictyostelium GFP-Cln3 fusion protein as a ~50 kDa band on western blots. Although the expected molecular weight of Dictyostelium GFP-Cln3 was ~75 kDa (Cln3, 47 kDa, www.dictybase.org; GFP, 27 kDa), the relative hydrophobicity of the protein and evidence from other systems where simi ...
... We detected the Dictyostelium GFP-Cln3 fusion protein as a ~50 kDa band on western blots. Although the expected molecular weight of Dictyostelium GFP-Cln3 was ~75 kDa (Cln3, 47 kDa, www.dictybase.org; GFP, 27 kDa), the relative hydrophobicity of the protein and evidence from other systems where simi ...
Electrophysiological recordings from behaving animals—going
... analysis tools that enable extraction of high order interaction between the recorded units (for review see [24] and [25]). Another direction is trying to extrapolate information on intrinsic properties of the units from extracellular waveforms. To this end dual intracellular and extracellular recor ...
... analysis tools that enable extraction of high order interaction between the recorded units (for review see [24] and [25]). Another direction is trying to extrapolate information on intrinsic properties of the units from extracellular waveforms. To this end dual intracellular and extracellular recor ...
Partitioning of nutrient transport processes in roots
... nutrient solubility or promote the formation of bene®cial associations with micro-organisms such as rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi. Once ions reach the root surface, they are transferred across the root to the xylem by apoplastic (extracellular) anduor symplastic (intracellular) pathways (Clarkson, 1 ...
... nutrient solubility or promote the formation of bene®cial associations with micro-organisms such as rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi. Once ions reach the root surface, they are transferred across the root to the xylem by apoplastic (extracellular) anduor symplastic (intracellular) pathways (Clarkson, 1 ...
Podosome-type adhesions and focal adhesions, so alike yet so
... sites so close in their composition can be structurally and functionally so different. The underlying question is how their respective physiological or pathological roles are related to their distinct organization. ...
... sites so close in their composition can be structurally and functionally so different. The underlying question is how their respective physiological or pathological roles are related to their distinct organization. ...
Blood loss
... exchange of the anions HCO3‐ (bicarb) and Cl‐ between RBC and plasma. Exchange allows max. transport of CO2 in blood (as bicarb in solution (a) Basic point: Bicarb is much more soluble in plasma than CO2, so lots of bicarb (but not much CO2) can be carried in the blood. Therefore need to covert ...
... exchange of the anions HCO3‐ (bicarb) and Cl‐ between RBC and plasma. Exchange allows max. transport of CO2 in blood (as bicarb in solution (a) Basic point: Bicarb is much more soluble in plasma than CO2, so lots of bicarb (but not much CO2) can be carried in the blood. Therefore need to covert ...
Molecular Recognition of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins by
... Molecular recognition is the process by which one molecule associates with another molecule via specific noncovalent interactions. The specificity of these interactions allows molecules to assemble in manner that is predetermined by their structural attributes, including size, shape, and polarity. I ...
... Molecular recognition is the process by which one molecule associates with another molecule via specific noncovalent interactions. The specificity of these interactions allows molecules to assemble in manner that is predetermined by their structural attributes, including size, shape, and polarity. I ...
Osmotic Effects on the Electrical Properties of
... in yeast have offered many insights for plant physiologists (Hasegawa et al., 2000; Zhu, 2002; Meijer and Munnik, 2003). However, it is also very clear that the multicellular complexity of plants, and especially the adaptability associated with zones of expansion, play a key role in the long-term su ...
... in yeast have offered many insights for plant physiologists (Hasegawa et al., 2000; Zhu, 2002; Meijer and Munnik, 2003). However, it is also very clear that the multicellular complexity of plants, and especially the adaptability associated with zones of expansion, play a key role in the long-term su ...
Section 2 Active Transport Chapter 4
... specific ions to cross the cell membrane. • Second Messengers The receptor protein may cause the formation of a second messenger inside the cell. The second messenger acts as a signal molecule and amplifies the signal of the first messenger—that is, the original signal molecule. • Enzyme action The ...
... specific ions to cross the cell membrane. • Second Messengers The receptor protein may cause the formation of a second messenger inside the cell. The second messenger acts as a signal molecule and amplifies the signal of the first messenger—that is, the original signal molecule. • Enzyme action The ...
Cautionary Observations on Preparing and Interpreting Brain
... Though molecular biology-based visualization techniques such as antibody staining, in situ hybridization, and induction of reporter gene expression have become routine procedures for analyzing the structures of the brain, precautions to prevent misinterpretation have not always been taken when prepa ...
... Though molecular biology-based visualization techniques such as antibody staining, in situ hybridization, and induction of reporter gene expression have become routine procedures for analyzing the structures of the brain, precautions to prevent misinterpretation have not always been taken when prepa ...
Gene Section PAWR (PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein) in Oncology and Haematology
... yet is essential for apoptosis via diverse cell death pathways. Par-4/PAWR sensitizes cells to apoptosis by wide variety of pro-apoptotic stimuli, such as growth factor withdrawal, agents that elevate intracellular Ca2+, TNF, TRAIL, UV, X-ray and gamma irradiation, or IFN-gamma. Ectopic Par-4/PAWR o ...
... yet is essential for apoptosis via diverse cell death pathways. Par-4/PAWR sensitizes cells to apoptosis by wide variety of pro-apoptotic stimuli, such as growth factor withdrawal, agents that elevate intracellular Ca2+, TNF, TRAIL, UV, X-ray and gamma irradiation, or IFN-gamma. Ectopic Par-4/PAWR o ...
Nodose Ganglia-Modulatory Effects on Respiration
... adenosine we have tested seems to rely on mediation through the peripheral A1 receptors expressed in the heart and vasculature (Shryock and Belardinelli 1997, Tabrizchi and Bedi 2001), producing vasodilatation either via release of other neurotransmitters (Hedner et al. 1982, Stella et al. 1993) or ...
... adenosine we have tested seems to rely on mediation through the peripheral A1 receptors expressed in the heart and vasculature (Shryock and Belardinelli 1997, Tabrizchi and Bedi 2001), producing vasodilatation either via release of other neurotransmitters (Hedner et al. 1982, Stella et al. 1993) or ...
Document
... attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
CLC Chloride Channels in Caenorhabditis elegans*
... completion of the C. elegans Genome Project (19) revealed that there is just one additional CLC gene in its genome, bringing the total number to six. Sequence comparison and hydropathy analysis revealed that all predicted CLC proteins from C. elegans share domains D1 through D12 with their mammalian ...
... completion of the C. elegans Genome Project (19) revealed that there is just one additional CLC gene in its genome, bringing the total number to six. Sequence comparison and hydropathy analysis revealed that all predicted CLC proteins from C. elegans share domains D1 through D12 with their mammalian ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.