Cytokinesis in Higher Plants
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
Translation | Principles of Biology from Nature Education
... the polypeptide chain to aid in targeting and recognition. Phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate groups to the polypeptide to alter the shape and therefore the activity of the protein. And other proteins may not be functional alone but require assembly with other polypeptides to form a functi ...
... the polypeptide chain to aid in targeting and recognition. Phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate groups to the polypeptide to alter the shape and therefore the activity of the protein. And other proteins may not be functional alone but require assembly with other polypeptides to form a functi ...
One, Two, Three: Polycomb Proteins Hit All Dimensions of
... maintenance of silent chromatin states at their respective target loci [62,63]. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to participate in numerous mechanisms that regulate gene expression, through interactions with various proteins, including histone-modifying molecules [64,65]. It is still a ...
... maintenance of silent chromatin states at their respective target loci [62,63]. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to participate in numerous mechanisms that regulate gene expression, through interactions with various proteins, including histone-modifying molecules [64,65]. It is still a ...
Chromosomal localization links the SIN3±RPD3 complex to the
... the absence of an activation signal, to repress transcription of particular genes within transcriptionally active chromatin domains. Keywords: chromatin/deacetylation/RPD3/SIN3/ transcription ...
... the absence of an activation signal, to repress transcription of particular genes within transcriptionally active chromatin domains. Keywords: chromatin/deacetylation/RPD3/SIN3/ transcription ...
Modification of intracellular membrane structures for virus
... the best-studied member of the Hepacivirus genus. HCV infection is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and affects 170 million people worldwide4. Two viruses that are closely related to HCV, GB virus (GBV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), are oft ...
... the best-studied member of the Hepacivirus genus. HCV infection is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and affects 170 million people worldwide4. Two viruses that are closely related to HCV, GB virus (GBV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), are oft ...
Funga1 Infection of Plants
... to colonize plants, and an even smaller fraction of these are capable of causing disease. Among the causal agents of infectious diseases of crop plants, however, phytopathogenic fungi play the dominant role not only by causing devastating epidemics, but also through the less spectacular although per ...
... to colonize plants, and an even smaller fraction of these are capable of causing disease. Among the causal agents of infectious diseases of crop plants, however, phytopathogenic fungi play the dominant role not only by causing devastating epidemics, but also through the less spectacular although per ...
19-Viruses
... Viral RNA and protein synthesis Assembly and release- virion “buds” through the surface, envelope is cells phospholipids with virus-specific ...
... Viral RNA and protein synthesis Assembly and release- virion “buds” through the surface, envelope is cells phospholipids with virus-specific ...
Spermatogenesis-preventing substance - Development
... following control mechanisms of spermatogenesis have been identified. The hormonal induction of spermatogenesis in eel testes is mediated via gonadotropin stimulation of Leydig cells, which produce 11-ketotestosterone (Miura et al., 1991a; Miura et al., 1991b). In turn, 11-ketotestosterone induces c ...
... following control mechanisms of spermatogenesis have been identified. The hormonal induction of spermatogenesis in eel testes is mediated via gonadotropin stimulation of Leydig cells, which produce 11-ketotestosterone (Miura et al., 1991a; Miura et al., 1991b). In turn, 11-ketotestosterone induces c ...
Chapter 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
... The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. D) Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in ...
... The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. D) Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
... 4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration ! Details of ETC: The electron transport chain is the second main part of cellular respiration. • The electron transport chain uses NADH and to make ATP. – high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain – energy is used to transport hydrogen ions acro ...
... 4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration ! Details of ETC: The electron transport chain is the second main part of cellular respiration. • The electron transport chain uses NADH and to make ATP. – high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain – energy is used to transport hydrogen ions acro ...
HAUSP, a deubiquitinating enzyme for p53, is polyubiquitinated
... of pcDNA3-myc-rHAUSP (C224S) leads to cell death of HeLa cells which they died faster than HeLa cells transfected with pcDNA3-myc-rHAUSP. It has been reported that HAUSP affected p53-mediated cell growth repression in H460 and MEF cells expressing p53, and HAUSP (C224S) functions as a dominant-negat ...
... of pcDNA3-myc-rHAUSP (C224S) leads to cell death of HeLa cells which they died faster than HeLa cells transfected with pcDNA3-myc-rHAUSP. It has been reported that HAUSP affected p53-mediated cell growth repression in H460 and MEF cells expressing p53, and HAUSP (C224S) functions as a dominant-negat ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
Enhanced B7-2 Gene Expression by Interferon
... IFN-␥ enhances B7-2 mRNA expression in MM6. To determine whether MM6 cells responded to IFN-␥ with changes in B7-2 mRNA expression, MM6 were cultured for 18 hours in medium alone or in the presence of 500 U/mL of IFN-␥, a dose previously shown to induce maximal activation of human monocytes.23 Total ...
... IFN-␥ enhances B7-2 mRNA expression in MM6. To determine whether MM6 cells responded to IFN-␥ with changes in B7-2 mRNA expression, MM6 were cultured for 18 hours in medium alone or in the presence of 500 U/mL of IFN-␥, a dose previously shown to induce maximal activation of human monocytes.23 Total ...
Respiration Webquest
... 3. THINK: ATP provides the body with energy. Give 3 examples of how ATP is used in organisms. Cellular Respiration – Overview: Go to Cellular Respiration. Watch the animation The Big Picture. 4. Write down the reactants and products of cellular respiration in equation form (you may use words or chem ...
... 3. THINK: ATP provides the body with energy. Give 3 examples of how ATP is used in organisms. Cellular Respiration – Overview: Go to Cellular Respiration. Watch the animation The Big Picture. 4. Write down the reactants and products of cellular respiration in equation form (you may use words or chem ...
Cellular Respiration Webquest (word)
... Fermentation – A Pathway Without Oxygen: Go to Cellular Respiration. Scroll down the article until you reach the section on fermentation. Read that section. 10. Explain the difference between ethanol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. ...
... Fermentation – A Pathway Without Oxygen: Go to Cellular Respiration. Scroll down the article until you reach the section on fermentation. Read that section. 10. Explain the difference between ethanol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. ...
File: Chap011, Chapter 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
... The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. D) Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in ...
... The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. D) Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in ...
Review Recycling the Cell Cycle: Cyclins Revisited
... low levels of Cdk1 activity induced DNA replication and higher levels led to mitosis (Fisher and Nurse, 1996). In budding yeast, the four mitotic and two phase cyclins can be pared down to a single mitotic cyclin (Haase and Reed, 1999). Mice can develop normally and survive in the absence of Cdk2 (O ...
... low levels of Cdk1 activity induced DNA replication and higher levels led to mitosis (Fisher and Nurse, 1996). In budding yeast, the four mitotic and two phase cyclins can be pared down to a single mitotic cyclin (Haase and Reed, 1999). Mice can develop normally and survive in the absence of Cdk2 (O ...
Inactivation of Photosystems I and II in Response
... The effects of osmotic stress due to sorbitol on the photosynthetic machinery were investigated in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R-2. Incubation of cells in 1.0 M sorbitol inactivated photosystems I and II and decreased the intracellular solute space by 50%. These effects of sorbitol were reversi ...
... The effects of osmotic stress due to sorbitol on the photosynthetic machinery were investigated in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R-2. Incubation of cells in 1.0 M sorbitol inactivated photosystems I and II and decreased the intracellular solute space by 50%. These effects of sorbitol were reversi ...
Sliding_filament_theory_1
... depolarization of motor end plate. This action potential propagates along the sarcolemma and down the T-tubules causing the release of Ca2+ ions from the terminal cisternae into the cytosol. Ca2+ ions then bind to troponin causing a conformational change in the troponintropomyosin complex, which exp ...
... depolarization of motor end plate. This action potential propagates along the sarcolemma and down the T-tubules causing the release of Ca2+ ions from the terminal cisternae into the cytosol. Ca2+ ions then bind to troponin causing a conformational change in the troponintropomyosin complex, which exp ...
Cell shape and plasma membrane alterations after - An
... bol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on O2 generation and β-glucuronidase release in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, have also been described (Khadir et al. 1999). Most of the theories addressing the mechanism of interaction between biological systems and MFs suggest that the primary site of interaction ...
... bol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on O2 generation and β-glucuronidase release in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, have also been described (Khadir et al. 1999). Most of the theories addressing the mechanism of interaction between biological systems and MFs suggest that the primary site of interaction ...
Gibberellins accumulate in the elongating endodermal cells of
... to test whether the strategy used for GA3 labeling is also effective for other bioactive GAs. Thus, GA4 was labeled with fluorescein similarly to GA3-Fl (Fig. 1G) and tested for its activity. The fluorescent conjugate (GA4-Fl) had comparable activity to GA4 with respect to germination (Fig. 1H) and ro ...
... to test whether the strategy used for GA3 labeling is also effective for other bioactive GAs. Thus, GA4 was labeled with fluorescein similarly to GA3-Fl (Fig. 1G) and tested for its activity. The fluorescent conjugate (GA4-Fl) had comparable activity to GA4 with respect to germination (Fig. 1H) and ro ...
A Microbial Avenue to Cell Cycle Control in the Plant
... In contrast, mutants that retained cell integrity were generally slower growing than the div mutants (with one clear exception; see below). We tested many for initiation of DNA replication, and all were negative. Since these mutants fail to exhibit any sign of cell cycle initiation (no DNA replicati ...
... In contrast, mutants that retained cell integrity were generally slower growing than the div mutants (with one clear exception; see below). We tested many for initiation of DNA replication, and all were negative. Since these mutants fail to exhibit any sign of cell cycle initiation (no DNA replicati ...
Death of developing neurons: New insights and implications for
... now help to understand why only some developing neurons selectively depend on NGF. They also indicate that the survival of most neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) is not simply regulated by single growth factors like in the PNS. Additionally, components of the cell death machinery have begu ...
... now help to understand why only some developing neurons selectively depend on NGF. They also indicate that the survival of most neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) is not simply regulated by single growth factors like in the PNS. Additionally, components of the cell death machinery have begu ...
Cell Communication and Signaling
... considered as one of the primary reasons of gut tissue damage, however, mechanisms and key factors involved in this process are widely unclear. It was reported that small Rho GTPases, including Cdc42, are activated and play a role during invasion, but the involved signaling cascades remained unknown ...
... considered as one of the primary reasons of gut tissue damage, however, mechanisms and key factors involved in this process are widely unclear. It was reported that small Rho GTPases, including Cdc42, are activated and play a role during invasion, but the involved signaling cascades remained unknown ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.