Fast lysis of Escherichia coli filament cells requires
... biosynthetic complexes leads to rapid murein degradation at the precise place that breaks apart under the turgor pressure of the cell. In the ftsI filaments, β-lactams also inhibit complexes involved in lateral wall synthesis. However, development of critical damage in these sites would be much slow ...
... biosynthetic complexes leads to rapid murein degradation at the precise place that breaks apart under the turgor pressure of the cell. In the ftsI filaments, β-lactams also inhibit complexes involved in lateral wall synthesis. However, development of critical damage in these sites would be much slow ...
- Orange Coast College
... Basal cells generate new receptor cells every 1-2 months. Supporting cells contain enzymes that oxidize hydrophobic volatile odorants. ...
... Basal cells generate new receptor cells every 1-2 months. Supporting cells contain enzymes that oxidize hydrophobic volatile odorants. ...
chapter 1 introduction: themes in the study of life
... • Contains DNA that is segregated from the rest of the cell. DNA is organized with proteins into chromosomes that are located within the nucleus, the largest organelle of most cells. • Cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus and contains various organelles of different functions • Some cells have a tough ce ...
... • Contains DNA that is segregated from the rest of the cell. DNA is organized with proteins into chromosomes that are located within the nucleus, the largest organelle of most cells. • Cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus and contains various organelles of different functions • Some cells have a tough ce ...
Role of CD45 Signaling Pathway in Galactoxylomannan- Induced T Cell Damage
... CD45 is a type 1 transmembrane molecule found on the surface of all nucleated hematopoietic cells and their precursors, except for mature erythrocytes and platelets. It is one of the most abundant cell surface glycoproteins, comprising up to 10% of the cell surface area. The cytoplasmic region share ...
... CD45 is a type 1 transmembrane molecule found on the surface of all nucleated hematopoietic cells and their precursors, except for mature erythrocytes and platelets. It is one of the most abundant cell surface glycoproteins, comprising up to 10% of the cell surface area. The cytoplasmic region share ...
Metabolic Pathway Flux Enhancement by Synthetic
... fusion of these domains will compose a scaffold capable of colocalizing the ligand-fused enzymes. The structural modularity of the protein–protein interaction domains is of primary importance, as they will need to retain binding activity in the nonnative context of the translational fusions. A numbe ...
... fusion of these domains will compose a scaffold capable of colocalizing the ligand-fused enzymes. The structural modularity of the protein–protein interaction domains is of primary importance, as they will need to retain binding activity in the nonnative context of the translational fusions. A numbe ...
Cell Structure Tumor Microenvironment
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... the presence of the respective hormones. If it is assumed that all this PP1 is mitochondrial, then from the known mitochondrial content of liver it can be calculated that the mitochondrial PPi would be about 130 pmol/mg of protein, compared with a measured value of about 110 pmol/mg of protein for i ...
... the presence of the respective hormones. If it is assumed that all this PP1 is mitochondrial, then from the known mitochondrial content of liver it can be calculated that the mitochondrial PPi would be about 130 pmol/mg of protein, compared with a measured value of about 110 pmol/mg of protein for i ...
Molecular regulation of the diatom cell cycle
... iron requirement and acquisition pathways and by the use of ferritin to maintain internal iron storage (Allen et al., 2008; Marchetti et al., 2009). A general strategy in eukaryotes to couple nutrient sensing to cell division occurs through the TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling pathway or through ...
... iron requirement and acquisition pathways and by the use of ferritin to maintain internal iron storage (Allen et al., 2008; Marchetti et al., 2009). A general strategy in eukaryotes to couple nutrient sensing to cell division occurs through the TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling pathway or through ...
Visualization of an endogenous retinoic acid gradient across
... The free diffusion of a lipophilic molecule such as RA may be limited in aqueous environments. A large fraction of RA molecules are probably transported intracellularly by interaction with cellular RA-binding proteins10,29. On the assumption that most intracellular RAs are bound to carrier proteins, ...
... The free diffusion of a lipophilic molecule such as RA may be limited in aqueous environments. A large fraction of RA molecules are probably transported intracellularly by interaction with cellular RA-binding proteins10,29. On the assumption that most intracellular RAs are bound to carrier proteins, ...
Neuronal cytoskeleton in synaptic plasticity and regeneration
... and actin do not bind directly to each other, rather they interact through proteins that mediate interactions between the cytoskeletal elements (Geraldo and Gordon-Weeks 2009; Dent et al. 2011). A number of candidate proteins that might be capable of coordinating the actin and microtubule cytoskelet ...
... and actin do not bind directly to each other, rather they interact through proteins that mediate interactions between the cytoskeletal elements (Geraldo and Gordon-Weeks 2009; Dent et al. 2011). A number of candidate proteins that might be capable of coordinating the actin and microtubule cytoskelet ...
Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Network Architectures
... which functions as a transcriptional regulator (39, 41, 109). A general model for oligopeptidemediated quorum sensing is depicted in Figure 3. As in AHL quorum-sensing systems, the concentration of secreted oligopeptide autoinducer increases as the cell density increases. Peptide binding to the memb ...
... which functions as a transcriptional regulator (39, 41, 109). A general model for oligopeptidemediated quorum sensing is depicted in Figure 3. As in AHL quorum-sensing systems, the concentration of secreted oligopeptide autoinducer increases as the cell density increases. Peptide binding to the memb ...
Cyclic AMP-Mediated Inhibition of Cell Growth Requires the Small G
... protein concentrations were quantified by the Bradford protein assay. For detection of Raf-1, Myc–Raf-1, ERK2, Myc-ERK2, HA, Flag, Ras, Rap1, pAKT, and pERK1/2, equal protein amounts of cell lysate per treatment condition were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SD ...
... protein concentrations were quantified by the Bradford protein assay. For detection of Raf-1, Myc–Raf-1, ERK2, Myc-ERK2, HA, Flag, Ras, Rap1, pAKT, and pERK1/2, equal protein amounts of cell lysate per treatment condition were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SD ...
Phosphoinositide Signaling Regulates the Exocyst Complex and
... generated, making it an ideal messenger for polarized signaling (Anderson et al., 1999; Heck et al., 2007; Ling et al., 2006). Type I PIPKs (a, b, and g isoforms) represent the predominant class of PIP2-generating enzymes in mammalian cells (Anderson et al., 1999). The spatiotemporal generation of P ...
... generated, making it an ideal messenger for polarized signaling (Anderson et al., 1999; Heck et al., 2007; Ling et al., 2006). Type I PIPKs (a, b, and g isoforms) represent the predominant class of PIP2-generating enzymes in mammalian cells (Anderson et al., 1999). The spatiotemporal generation of P ...
TKRP125, a kinesin-related protein involved in the centrosome
... TKRP125. The preparation and screening of the library were performed according to the protocol supplied with the λ ZAP-cDNA synthesis kit (Stratagene). Five positive clones with similar length (3.6 kbp) were obtained from 3×105 independent clones in the library. The inserts were excised and partiall ...
... TKRP125. The preparation and screening of the library were performed according to the protocol supplied with the λ ZAP-cDNA synthesis kit (Stratagene). Five positive clones with similar length (3.6 kbp) were obtained from 3×105 independent clones in the library. The inserts were excised and partiall ...
U5Word
... increases uptake of some AA’s and protein synthesis. Lack of these effects results in: a) AA’s being used for gluconeo rather than protein synth, muscle wasting, b) low glycolysis in adipose low glycerol phosphate (from DHAP) low FA storage as triacylglycerol. 4. Very high blood [G] exceeds capa ...
... increases uptake of some AA’s and protein synthesis. Lack of these effects results in: a) AA’s being used for gluconeo rather than protein synth, muscle wasting, b) low glycolysis in adipose low glycerol phosphate (from DHAP) low FA storage as triacylglycerol. 4. Very high blood [G] exceeds capa ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA), Krebs Cycle
... glucose can not be formed from acetyl CoA in gluconeogenesis. ...
... glucose can not be formed from acetyl CoA in gluconeogenesis. ...
A Comparative Analysis of Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell
... these observations with microarray analysis which was used to probe and refine previously published data sets of genes proposed to distinguish between DE and VE. Finally, genome-wide pathway analysis revealed that SMAD-independent TGFbeta signaling through a TAK1/p38/JNK or TAK1/NLK pathway may repr ...
... these observations with microarray analysis which was used to probe and refine previously published data sets of genes proposed to distinguish between DE and VE. Finally, genome-wide pathway analysis revealed that SMAD-independent TGFbeta signaling through a TAK1/p38/JNK or TAK1/NLK pathway may repr ...
Asymmetric cell division in C. elegans - Development
... Finally, we find that very high levels of EGL-20 protein have a widespread effect on V cell polarity, interfering with both the orientation of asymmetric cell divisions, as well as the generation of asymmetry itself. This suggests the model that the underlying polarity system that orients V cell div ...
... Finally, we find that very high levels of EGL-20 protein have a widespread effect on V cell polarity, interfering with both the orientation of asymmetric cell divisions, as well as the generation of asymmetry itself. This suggests the model that the underlying polarity system that orients V cell div ...
The Vestibular System
... 2. If a muscle is weakened, a given central signal will be inadequate, and the world will move on the retina. 3. This can be mimicked by spectacles that increase retinal slip. 4. In either case, the brain adjusts the VOR signal so the retinal slip is eliminated. 5. The cerebellum is necessary for bo ...
... 2. If a muscle is weakened, a given central signal will be inadequate, and the world will move on the retina. 3. This can be mimicked by spectacles that increase retinal slip. 4. In either case, the brain adjusts the VOR signal so the retinal slip is eliminated. 5. The cerebellum is necessary for bo ...
The plant cytoskeleton: its significance in plant
... also co-localize with microtubules in immunofluorescent preparations, ...
... also co-localize with microtubules in immunofluorescent preparations, ...
Two Distinct Attachment Sites for Vimentin along
... systems have been used so far for studying the association of filaments with membranes (lens, erythrocytes, etc.) (14, 27). Within these boundaries we have recently analyzed the molecular interactions of the intermediate filament (IF) ~ subunit vimentin with the plasma membrane using the anucleate h ...
... systems have been used so far for studying the association of filaments with membranes (lens, erythrocytes, etc.) (14, 27). Within these boundaries we have recently analyzed the molecular interactions of the intermediate filament (IF) ~ subunit vimentin with the plasma membrane using the anucleate h ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... • In prokaryotes, the 30S ribosome binds to a region of the mRNA (Shine-Dalgarno sequence) upstream of the initiation sequence • S-D sequence also binds to a complementary base sequence at the 3’ end of the 16S rRNA • Double-stranded RNA structure binds mRNA to the ribosome ...
... • In prokaryotes, the 30S ribosome binds to a region of the mRNA (Shine-Dalgarno sequence) upstream of the initiation sequence • S-D sequence also binds to a complementary base sequence at the 3’ end of the 16S rRNA • Double-stranded RNA structure binds mRNA to the ribosome ...
Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP
... The cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable us to sense cold are not well understood. Insights into this process have come from the use of pharmacological agents, such as menthol, that elicit a cooling sensation. Here we have characterized and cloned a menthol receptor from trigeminal sensory ...
... The cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable us to sense cold are not well understood. Insights into this process have come from the use of pharmacological agents, such as menthol, that elicit a cooling sensation. Here we have characterized and cloned a menthol receptor from trigeminal sensory ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.