A Discussion of the Mechanism of Action of Steroid Hormones*
... number of primary sites of synthesis of such steroids have been identified as well as the chemi cal agents which they produce. That other steroid hormones will be found which are selectively pro duced in cells not nearly so susceptible to removal from the host seems highly probable, although it does ...
... number of primary sites of synthesis of such steroids have been identified as well as the chemi cal agents which they produce. That other steroid hormones will be found which are selectively pro duced in cells not nearly so susceptible to removal from the host seems highly probable, although it does ...
Spermatogenesis
... other cells. As in most cells, nuclear divisions are closely coordinated with cytokinesis and other aspects of cytodifferentiation. Meiosis I divides the 4N primary spermatocyte nucleus into two 2N nuclei in secondary spermatocytes. The cytokinesis that accompanies meiosis I is either complete (not ...
... other cells. As in most cells, nuclear divisions are closely coordinated with cytokinesis and other aspects of cytodifferentiation. Meiosis I divides the 4N primary spermatocyte nucleus into two 2N nuclei in secondary spermatocytes. The cytokinesis that accompanies meiosis I is either complete (not ...
Identification of the Protein Storage Vacuole
... crystalloid found within certain PSVs is a membranebound compartment resembling lytic vacuoles, providing some further insight into the complexity of vacuolar biogenesis. An important aspect of vacuole biogenesis regards the trafficking of resident proteins to these compartments. There is vast exper ...
... crystalloid found within certain PSVs is a membranebound compartment resembling lytic vacuoles, providing some further insight into the complexity of vacuolar biogenesis. An important aspect of vacuole biogenesis regards the trafficking of resident proteins to these compartments. There is vast exper ...
Plant Oligosaccharides – Outsiders among Elicitors?
... It has been more than 40 years since the discovery of the biological activity of oligosaccharide fragments of plant cell wall polysaccharides [1, 2]. Identification of the regulatory role of these compounds was associated with the study of the interaction of plants with pathogens. The cell wall poly ...
... It has been more than 40 years since the discovery of the biological activity of oligosaccharide fragments of plant cell wall polysaccharides [1, 2]. Identification of the regulatory role of these compounds was associated with the study of the interaction of plants with pathogens. The cell wall poly ...
Protophloem Differentiation in Early Arabidopsis
... in mature embryos and young seedlings of A. thaliana. Confocal microscopy allowed us to collect stacks of optical longitudinal sections (Z-stacks). With this, phloem strands could be followed directly along the longitudinal axis of the plant without the need for transversal sectioning. Radial and lo ...
... in mature embryos and young seedlings of A. thaliana. Confocal microscopy allowed us to collect stacks of optical longitudinal sections (Z-stacks). With this, phloem strands could be followed directly along the longitudinal axis of the plant without the need for transversal sectioning. Radial and lo ...
Substrate and drug binding sites in LeuT a h ,
... Presently, one can only speculate as to whether a secondary substrate-binding site exists for mammalian members of the NSS family. The lack of high quality purified protein preparations makes the sophisticated experiments for selective binding and competition, as has been done for LeuT [8], next t ...
... Presently, one can only speculate as to whether a secondary substrate-binding site exists for mammalian members of the NSS family. The lack of high quality purified protein preparations makes the sophisticated experiments for selective binding and competition, as has been done for LeuT [8], next t ...
Cellular Dynamics of Cholinergically Inducedα(8 –13 Hz) Rhythms
... cells, HT bursts were of short duration, Figure 3. Basic effects of Cch on TC neurons in vitro assessed with intracellular recordings. A, Application of 50 M Cch to an LGN TC neuron in vitro causes a rapid depolarization that is initially associated with a profound reduction in input resistance RN ...
... cells, HT bursts were of short duration, Figure 3. Basic effects of Cch on TC neurons in vitro assessed with intracellular recordings. A, Application of 50 M Cch to an LGN TC neuron in vitro causes a rapid depolarization that is initially associated with a profound reduction in input resistance RN ...
Seizure, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression are closely
... Tapia, 2000). Glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP) are epileptogenic and excitotoxic to nerve cells both in vitro and in vivo (Whetsell, 1996). The release of these EAAs from the nerve terminals may be Ca2+ -dependent or -independent, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Extracellular K+ ...
... Tapia, 2000). Glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP) are epileptogenic and excitotoxic to nerve cells both in vitro and in vivo (Whetsell, 1996). The release of these EAAs from the nerve terminals may be Ca2+ -dependent or -independent, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Extracellular K+ ...
Enzymes of Glycolysis Are Functionally Associated
... targeting sequences (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). However, there is considerable disagreement between these methods regarding which proteins are mitochondrially targeted, and all of the programs mispredict a small proportion of proteins (Heazlewood et al., 2003). Furthermore, because these methods con ...
... targeting sequences (Emanuelsson et al., 2000). However, there is considerable disagreement between these methods regarding which proteins are mitochondrially targeted, and all of the programs mispredict a small proportion of proteins (Heazlewood et al., 2003). Furthermore, because these methods con ...
Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle
... hours. Therefore, exercise is one of the most effective ways to prevent metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. Malignant hyperthermia. In genetically predisposed individuals carrying, e. g., allelic variants of Ca2+ release channel, volatile anesthetic agents and succinylcholine may cause ...
... hours. Therefore, exercise is one of the most effective ways to prevent metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. Malignant hyperthermia. In genetically predisposed individuals carrying, e. g., allelic variants of Ca2+ release channel, volatile anesthetic agents and succinylcholine may cause ...
Arabidopsis RHD3 mediates the generation of the tubular ER
... that they can deform the lipid bilayer into curved tubules through their wedge-like hydrophobic insertion and/or scaffolding mechanisms (Shibata et al., 2009; Sparkes et al., 2010). Recent work also indicated that a class of ER-membrane-bound, dynaminlike GTP binding proteins, which includes the atl ...
... that they can deform the lipid bilayer into curved tubules through their wedge-like hydrophobic insertion and/or scaffolding mechanisms (Shibata et al., 2009; Sparkes et al., 2010). Recent work also indicated that a class of ER-membrane-bound, dynaminlike GTP binding proteins, which includes the atl ...
File
... – Cytochrome oxidase is a large complex that adds four electrons to O2 to form two molecules of H2O. – The metabolic poisons CO, N3–, and CN– bind catalytic sites in Complex IV. ...
... – Cytochrome oxidase is a large complex that adds four electrons to O2 to form two molecules of H2O. – The metabolic poisons CO, N3–, and CN– bind catalytic sites in Complex IV. ...
1 Second-generation HSP90 inhibitor onalespib blocks mRNA
... transcriptional function (AF-1); the DNA-binding domain (DBD), which binds to specific DNA sequences named androgen-responsive elements (ARE); the hinge region, which includes a part of the nuclear localization signal; and the carboxy-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD), which has a ligand-dependen ...
... transcriptional function (AF-1); the DNA-binding domain (DBD), which binds to specific DNA sequences named androgen-responsive elements (ARE); the hinge region, which includes a part of the nuclear localization signal; and the carboxy-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD), which has a ligand-dependen ...
Hormonal control of cell division and elongation
... in stem cell specification in roots (Fig. 1; Sabatini et al., 1999). RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED protein (RBR) is the plant orthologue of mammalian retinoblastoma protein, and inhibits G1 to S transition by repressing E2F transcription factors (Xie et al., 1996; Nakagami et al., 1999). Reduction in RBR e ...
... in stem cell specification in roots (Fig. 1; Sabatini et al., 1999). RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED protein (RBR) is the plant orthologue of mammalian retinoblastoma protein, and inhibits G1 to S transition by repressing E2F transcription factors (Xie et al., 1996; Nakagami et al., 1999). Reduction in RBR e ...
Ch. 13 Nervous System Cells Textbook
... Pathways of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) carry information to the autonomic, or visceral, effectors, which are the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands. As its name implies, the autonomic nervous system seems autonomous of voluntary control—it usually appears to govern itself without our ...
... Pathways of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) carry information to the autonomic, or visceral, effectors, which are the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands. As its name implies, the autonomic nervous system seems autonomous of voluntary control—it usually appears to govern itself without our ...
Georgatsou E. and Alexandraki D. - IMBB-FORTH in
... problem of iron bioavailability as well as to regulate the iron concentration in biological fluids and cell compartments, in order to ensure its proper function as opposed to its toxic effects (reviewed in references 7 and 16). Two principal mechanisms have been described for iron uptake. One involv ...
... problem of iron bioavailability as well as to regulate the iron concentration in biological fluids and cell compartments, in order to ensure its proper function as opposed to its toxic effects (reviewed in references 7 and 16). Two principal mechanisms have been described for iron uptake. One involv ...
ch 48 nervous system
... • The summed effect of EPSPs and IPSPs determines whether an axon hillock will reach threshold and generate an action potential ...
... • The summed effect of EPSPs and IPSPs determines whether an axon hillock will reach threshold and generate an action potential ...
Bioinformatics: Network Analysis Comparative Network Analysis Luay Nakhleh, Rice University
... However, this score does not take into account the degree of sequence conservation among the pairs of proteins associated by ϴ ...
... However, this score does not take into account the degree of sequence conservation among the pairs of proteins associated by ϴ ...
The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in rat islets of
... Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), a family of proteins ranging in molecular weight from 41-44kDa, are stimulated in response to a variety of extracellular growth factors and one major role of MAPKs is the regulation of cell proliferation [reviewed in I]. However, it is becoming apparent tha ...
... Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), a family of proteins ranging in molecular weight from 41-44kDa, are stimulated in response to a variety of extracellular growth factors and one major role of MAPKs is the regulation of cell proliferation [reviewed in I]. However, it is becoming apparent tha ...
Autophagy in Plasmodium, a multifunctional pathway?
... while Atg13 appears absent. The C-terminal Atg13-binding domain is also missing from PfAtg1. It contains several potential Atg8interacting motifs, which mediate Atg1 binding to Atg8 in an Atg13independent manner in yeast and humans [32]. PfVps34 exists in P. falciparum and is one of the better-chara ...
... while Atg13 appears absent. The C-terminal Atg13-binding domain is also missing from PfAtg1. It contains several potential Atg8interacting motifs, which mediate Atg1 binding to Atg8 in an Atg13independent manner in yeast and humans [32]. PfVps34 exists in P. falciparum and is one of the better-chara ...
weiten6_PPT04
... – Reversible figures and perceptual sets demonstrate that the same visual stimulus can result in very different perceptions Table of Contents ...
... – Reversible figures and perceptual sets demonstrate that the same visual stimulus can result in very different perceptions Table of Contents ...
Function of BMPs and BMP Antagonists in Adult Bone
... TGF-, activin/inhibin, or nodal. BMPs are translated as a large molecule with a signal peptide and cleaved to be a dimeric form of mature protein with 25 kD after secretion. Currently, over 20 distinct BMPs have been identified and each of them has slightly different affinities to their receptors. ...
... TGF-, activin/inhibin, or nodal. BMPs are translated as a large molecule with a signal peptide and cleaved to be a dimeric form of mature protein with 25 kD after secretion. Currently, over 20 distinct BMPs have been identified and each of them has slightly different affinities to their receptors. ...
Similarities and differences in the responses of microorganisms to
... molecules (e.g. the polypeptide antibiotic vancomycin) enter Gramnegative bacteria poorly as do relatively hydrophobic antibiotics such as fusidic acid, erythromycin, novobiocin and rifampicin. Selfpromoted entry occurs as a result of OM damage induced by cationic agents that include CHX, QACs and t ...
... molecules (e.g. the polypeptide antibiotic vancomycin) enter Gramnegative bacteria poorly as do relatively hydrophobic antibiotics such as fusidic acid, erythromycin, novobiocin and rifampicin. Selfpromoted entry occurs as a result of OM damage induced by cationic agents that include CHX, QACs and t ...
Protein - Angelfire
... – Chains fold and twist themselves to form proteins; some of these proteins become enzymes themselves – These enzymes may then be used to break apart or put together other compounds ...
... – Chains fold and twist themselves to form proteins; some of these proteins become enzymes themselves – These enzymes may then be used to break apart or put together other compounds ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.