Bioenergetics and ioenergetics and Metabolism etabolism
... B. Metabolism provides key metabolites which are required for the synthesis of many essential cell components. The central metabolic pathways (Fig. 19–1) include all 5 of the energy-conserving pathways listed in the preceding section. In addition to supplying the cell with energy, these central path ...
... B. Metabolism provides key metabolites which are required for the synthesis of many essential cell components. The central metabolic pathways (Fig. 19–1) include all 5 of the energy-conserving pathways listed in the preceding section. In addition to supplying the cell with energy, these central path ...
The transcription factor AtDOF4.2 regulates shoot branching and
... DOF), HvDOF17 and HvDOF19 control seed germination by affecting the expression of different aleurone hydrolase genes [7–9]. DOF proteins from Arabidopsis have been found to be mediators of many biological processes, including the light response [10], flowering [11], plant growth [12,13], hormone res ...
... DOF), HvDOF17 and HvDOF19 control seed germination by affecting the expression of different aleurone hydrolase genes [7–9]. DOF proteins from Arabidopsis have been found to be mediators of many biological processes, including the light response [10], flowering [11], plant growth [12,13], hormone res ...
Neisseria conserved hypothetical protein DMP12
... Figure 2. The crystal structure of DMP12 presents a DNA-like surface. (A) The secondary structural elements are shown above the amino acid sequence, with blue cylinders representing a-helices and green arrows representing b-sheets. (B) A ribbon diagram of two DMP12 monomers in an asymmetric unit. Th ...
... Figure 2. The crystal structure of DMP12 presents a DNA-like surface. (A) The secondary structural elements are shown above the amino acid sequence, with blue cylinders representing a-helices and green arrows representing b-sheets. (B) A ribbon diagram of two DMP12 monomers in an asymmetric unit. Th ...
Protein Kinase C inhibits Kv1.1 potassium channel function
... in ventricular cells (36). In the Xenopus oocyte expression system, several types of recombinant, voltagegated K channels have been shown to be modulated by PKC (18, 19, 21, 23, 29), and in some cases there is evidence that the K channel protein is the substrate for PKC phosphorylation (2, 3, 4, 8). ...
... in ventricular cells (36). In the Xenopus oocyte expression system, several types of recombinant, voltagegated K channels have been shown to be modulated by PKC (18, 19, 21, 23, 29), and in some cases there is evidence that the K channel protein is the substrate for PKC phosphorylation (2, 3, 4, 8). ...
Dehydroascorbate Uptake Activity Correlates with
... words, the amount of radioactive label taken up is representative of the amount of DHA that has been relocated from the external medium to the cytoplasm. In this paper, the attempt was made to investigate whether this DHA uptake activity is in some way changing throughout growth and cell cycle. Appa ...
... words, the amount of radioactive label taken up is representative of the amount of DHA that has been relocated from the external medium to the cytoplasm. In this paper, the attempt was made to investigate whether this DHA uptake activity is in some way changing throughout growth and cell cycle. Appa ...
Annexins: multifunctional components of growth and adaptation
... Ca2+-dependent F-actin binding in vitro (Calvert et al., 1996; Hoshino et al., 2004). Two plasma membraneassociated annexins from zucchini bind to zucchiniderived F-actin (Hu et al., 2000). Mimosa annexin organizes F-actin into thick bundles in the presence of 2 mM Ca2+ in vitro (Hoshino et al., 200 ...
... Ca2+-dependent F-actin binding in vitro (Calvert et al., 1996; Hoshino et al., 2004). Two plasma membraneassociated annexins from zucchini bind to zucchiniderived F-actin (Hu et al., 2000). Mimosa annexin organizes F-actin into thick bundles in the presence of 2 mM Ca2+ in vitro (Hoshino et al., 200 ...
Dynamics of Protein Tyrosine Nitration and
... In vitro, selectively of ONOO- mediated tyrosine nitration is mostly seen at N-terminal region of the tau molecule (Y18, Y29) and less at Y197 and Y394. Nitration at Y310 was rarely observed, probably because of its location within the hydrophobic microtubule binding repeat of tau [66]. Generation o ...
... In vitro, selectively of ONOO- mediated tyrosine nitration is mostly seen at N-terminal region of the tau molecule (Y18, Y29) and less at Y197 and Y394. Nitration at Y310 was rarely observed, probably because of its location within the hydrophobic microtubule binding repeat of tau [66]. Generation o ...
9–1 Chemical Pathways - Springboro Community Schools
... How much energy is actually present in food? Quite a lot, although it varies with the type of food, since our cells can use all sorts of molecules as food, including fats, sugars, and proteins. One gram of the sugar glucose (C6H12O6), when burned in the presence of oxygen, releases 3811 calories of ...
... How much energy is actually present in food? Quite a lot, although it varies with the type of food, since our cells can use all sorts of molecules as food, including fats, sugars, and proteins. One gram of the sugar glucose (C6H12O6), when burned in the presence of oxygen, releases 3811 calories of ...
chlamydomonas gymnogama and - The Journal of Cell Biology
... nants. It is possible that partial lysis of cell walls tein similar chemically to that of cell walls reinoccurs before and during the wall-shedding proc- forces the idea that what are at present undetectaess, as partial lysis of cell walls has been observed ble or relatively subtle differences in ch ...
... nants. It is possible that partial lysis of cell walls tein similar chemically to that of cell walls reinoccurs before and during the wall-shedding proc- forces the idea that what are at present undetectaess, as partial lysis of cell walls has been observed ble or relatively subtle differences in ch ...
Uncaging Compunds: - Florida State University
... What is uncaging? • Caged compounds are biologically active molecules that are made inactive by the addition of light sensitive caging groups. • When illuminated by UV light (photolysis), the caging group absorbs a photon, resulting in a breakage of a covalent bond linking it to the rest of the mol ...
... What is uncaging? • Caged compounds are biologically active molecules that are made inactive by the addition of light sensitive caging groups. • When illuminated by UV light (photolysis), the caging group absorbs a photon, resulting in a breakage of a covalent bond linking it to the rest of the mol ...
Arterial–Venous Specification During Development
... ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling have been somewhat more difficult to parse out. Expression of ephrinB2 full-length and cytoplasmic domain deletion mutants in Xenopus results in the identical ISV defects as is observed with dominant negative EphB4 mutants, indicating that remodeling occurs through forward, ...
... ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling have been somewhat more difficult to parse out. Expression of ephrinB2 full-length and cytoplasmic domain deletion mutants in Xenopus results in the identical ISV defects as is observed with dominant negative EphB4 mutants, indicating that remodeling occurs through forward, ...
CHAPTER G5 PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS ANALYSIS BY MS
... Another development arising from FAB has been its transformation from a static to a dynamic technique, by allowing a continuous flow of a solution to travel from a reservoir through a capillary to the probe tip. Samples are injected either directly, or through a liquid chromatography (LC) column. Th ...
... Another development arising from FAB has been its transformation from a static to a dynamic technique, by allowing a continuous flow of a solution to travel from a reservoir through a capillary to the probe tip. Samples are injected either directly, or through a liquid chromatography (LC) column. Th ...
Biochemistry of Sulfur
... a leader peptide with a twin-arginine translocation motif (TAT) not present in the mature protein suggesting a transport across the membrane (Fig. 7). Fe and Ni were present in membrane and in enriched hydrogenase fractions in accordance with the observed sequence similarity. The Ac. ambivalens SR g ...
... a leader peptide with a twin-arginine translocation motif (TAT) not present in the mature protein suggesting a transport across the membrane (Fig. 7). Fe and Ni were present in membrane and in enriched hydrogenase fractions in accordance with the observed sequence similarity. The Ac. ambivalens SR g ...
THE CELL CYCLE OF PHYTOPLANKTON : COUPLING CELL
... growth factors, in order to prevent irreversible damages. The need to prevent re-replication of DNA is a good example of internal control. For this purpose, cells use what is called a licensing factor which is bound to chromosomes and is needed for DNA replication. This molecule is destroyed during ...
... growth factors, in order to prevent irreversible damages. The need to prevent re-replication of DNA is a good example of internal control. For this purpose, cells use what is called a licensing factor which is bound to chromosomes and is needed for DNA replication. This molecule is destroyed during ...
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... the sphingolipid requirement in cell growth. A comparison of sphingolipid structures from evolutionary distinct organisms (see sect. III) indicates that, despite considerable chemical differences, the biophysical properties held responsible for microdomain formation have been well preserved. Indeed, ...
... the sphingolipid requirement in cell growth. A comparison of sphingolipid structures from evolutionary distinct organisms (see sect. III) indicates that, despite considerable chemical differences, the biophysical properties held responsible for microdomain formation have been well preserved. Indeed, ...
The pollen wall and tapetum are altered in the
... Programmed cell death (PCD), a physiological cell death process involved in the selective elimination of unwanted cells (Pennell and Lamb, 1997), is defined as death resulting from the activation of a specific biochemical pathway that is under the control of the cell and, therefore, amounts to cellu ...
... Programmed cell death (PCD), a physiological cell death process involved in the selective elimination of unwanted cells (Pennell and Lamb, 1997), is defined as death resulting from the activation of a specific biochemical pathway that is under the control of the cell and, therefore, amounts to cellu ...
Computational optogenetics: A novel continuum framework for the
... will allow us to virtually explore the potential of optogenetic pacing. The rationale for creating such a model is that it will enable patient-specific predictions of ion channel dynamics, ionic concentrations, and action potential profiles across the heart, which are outside the reach of experimental ...
... will allow us to virtually explore the potential of optogenetic pacing. The rationale for creating such a model is that it will enable patient-specific predictions of ion channel dynamics, ionic concentrations, and action potential profiles across the heart, which are outside the reach of experimental ...
Transduction Cascade In Myeloid Cells: A Novel Cytokine Signal
... GM-CSF are T cell-derived cytokines that allow the immune system to modulate the hemopoietic system during stress. Both these cytokines and IL-5 signal their target cells through a heterodimeric receptor consisting of a ligand-specific binding subunit (␣) and a common signaling subunit (c) (1). The ...
... GM-CSF are T cell-derived cytokines that allow the immune system to modulate the hemopoietic system during stress. Both these cytokines and IL-5 signal their target cells through a heterodimeric receptor consisting of a ligand-specific binding subunit (␣) and a common signaling subunit (c) (1). The ...
Recent Advances in Plant Early Signaling in Response to Herbivory
... shown that the SA pathway, which plays a major role in both locally expressed basal resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) [56], is primarily activated in response to biotrophic pathogens or insects causing little damage such as phloem-feeding aphids and spider mites [57,58]. In contrast, ...
... shown that the SA pathway, which plays a major role in both locally expressed basal resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) [56], is primarily activated in response to biotrophic pathogens or insects causing little damage such as phloem-feeding aphids and spider mites [57,58]. In contrast, ...
An ADP/ATP-Specific Mitochondrial Carrier Protein
... Rosetta2 cells imported only trace amounts of labeled nucleotides over the same time frame (Fig. 4a and b). To assess whether other nucleotides are also transported by the A. locustae MCF protein, substrate specificity of the recombinant protein was analyzed by competition. Import of radioactively l ...
... Rosetta2 cells imported only trace amounts of labeled nucleotides over the same time frame (Fig. 4a and b). To assess whether other nucleotides are also transported by the A. locustae MCF protein, substrate specificity of the recombinant protein was analyzed by competition. Import of radioactively l ...
Biofilms: a biological antimicrobial resistance system
... but with some peculiarities. Moreover, resistance to disinfection is frequently associated with the presence of biofilms on surfaces. The definition of resistance needs to be clarified as it changes depending on whether planktonic or biofilm cells are considered. In the first case, a bacterial strai ...
... but with some peculiarities. Moreover, resistance to disinfection is frequently associated with the presence of biofilms on surfaces. The definition of resistance needs to be clarified as it changes depending on whether planktonic or biofilm cells are considered. In the first case, a bacterial strai ...
A Directed Mutagenesis Screen in Drosophila
... Hh genes were cloned from vertebrate species on the basis of homology to the Drosophila hh gene (see Hammerschmidt et al. 1997). In addition, for most of the genes identified in Drosophila as functioning in the Hh pathway, homologous vertebrate genes have been isolated. At least for some of these, a ...
... Hh genes were cloned from vertebrate species on the basis of homology to the Drosophila hh gene (see Hammerschmidt et al. 1997). In addition, for most of the genes identified in Drosophila as functioning in the Hh pathway, homologous vertebrate genes have been isolated. At least for some of these, a ...
Light Control of Plasma Membrane Recruitment Using
... 1999). This interaction has already proven useful for applying complex temporal and spatial intracellular inputs to live cells in a variety of species (Levskaya et al., 2009; Shimizu-Sato et al., 2002). In principle, this approach could be used for spatiotemporal control over any cellular process th ...
... 1999). This interaction has already proven useful for applying complex temporal and spatial intracellular inputs to live cells in a variety of species (Levskaya et al., 2009; Shimizu-Sato et al., 2002). In principle, this approach could be used for spatiotemporal control over any cellular process th ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.