The relative roles of specific N- and C
... when cells enter mitosis. This is a time when the restructuring of both cytoplasmic and nuclear IF networks takes place. More specifically, both vimentin (a type III IF protein) and nuclear lamins (type V IF proteins) are hyperphosphorylated by the mitosis-specific protein kinase p34cdc2, and additi ...
... when cells enter mitosis. This is a time when the restructuring of both cytoplasmic and nuclear IF networks takes place. More specifically, both vimentin (a type III IF protein) and nuclear lamins (type V IF proteins) are hyperphosphorylated by the mitosis-specific protein kinase p34cdc2, and additi ...
Anti-OPN Monoclonal Antibodies as Probes of OPN Structure and
... the plastic or PVDF membrane). Thus we use two additional screening methodologies to detect antigen-antibody associations free in solution (a peptide assay and a magnetic bead assay). We use both native (modified) and recombinant (unmodified) OPN to identify MAbs that specifically recognize either t ...
... the plastic or PVDF membrane). Thus we use two additional screening methodologies to detect antigen-antibody associations free in solution (a peptide assay and a magnetic bead assay). We use both native (modified) and recombinant (unmodified) OPN to identify MAbs that specifically recognize either t ...
introduction to an evolutionary synthesis
... The second discovery was seen as more abstruse, and is still not wholly assimilated. This was the role of mitochondria in the origin of the eukaryotic cell. Both the serial endosymbiosis hypothesis, as expounded by Lynn Margulis and others [12,13], and autogenous models of eukaryotic origins (in whi ...
... The second discovery was seen as more abstruse, and is still not wholly assimilated. This was the role of mitochondria in the origin of the eukaryotic cell. Both the serial endosymbiosis hypothesis, as expounded by Lynn Margulis and others [12,13], and autogenous models of eukaryotic origins (in whi ...
... values of ~107 V/m. Several membrane proteins use this electric field to regulate the function of the cell and to harness the membrane electric field, so the embedded membrane proteins must sense changes in this field. It is easy to envision how an electric charge or an electric dipole can be reorie ...
Regulation of rCBF by Diffusible Signals: An Analysis of Constraints
... in visual cortex of monkeys has characterized the timing of activity-dependent changes [Frostig et al., 19901. The data suggest the following sequence of events following a brief sensory stimulus: first, 200400 ms after the onset of neural activity, highly localized oxygen delivery occurs followed 3 ...
... in visual cortex of monkeys has characterized the timing of activity-dependent changes [Frostig et al., 19901. The data suggest the following sequence of events following a brief sensory stimulus: first, 200400 ms after the onset of neural activity, highly localized oxygen delivery occurs followed 3 ...
Energy, genes and evolution: introduction to an evolutionary synthesis
... The second discovery was seen as more abstruse, and is still not wholly assimilated. This was the role of mitochondria in the origin of the eukaryotic cell. Both the serial endosymbiosis hypothesis, as expounded by Lynn Margulis and others [12,13], and autogenous models of eukaryotic origins (in whi ...
... The second discovery was seen as more abstruse, and is still not wholly assimilated. This was the role of mitochondria in the origin of the eukaryotic cell. Both the serial endosymbiosis hypothesis, as expounded by Lynn Margulis and others [12,13], and autogenous models of eukaryotic origins (in whi ...
Developmental plasticity, cell fate specification and morphogenesis
... initially mixed within the ICM, before being sorted into their correct positions by active cell migration and selective apoptosis [13–15]. These findings demonstrated that position is not the only factor driving both the first and the second cell fate decision and suggested that rather than cells be ...
... initially mixed within the ICM, before being sorted into their correct positions by active cell migration and selective apoptosis [13–15]. These findings demonstrated that position is not the only factor driving both the first and the second cell fate decision and suggested that rather than cells be ...
Pontin and Reptin regulate cell proliferation in early Xenopus
... block Miz-1 target gene expression. In the latter transcription complex Miz-1 but not c-Myc binds to specific DNA sequences. Target genes of the repressive c-Myc activity are the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor proteins p21 and p15 (Staller et al., 2001; Seoane et al., 2001; 2002; Herold et al., 2 ...
... block Miz-1 target gene expression. In the latter transcription complex Miz-1 but not c-Myc binds to specific DNA sequences. Target genes of the repressive c-Myc activity are the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor proteins p21 and p15 (Staller et al., 2001; Seoane et al., 2001; 2002; Herold et al., 2 ...
A proteomic chronology of gene expression through the cell cycle in
... characterization of gene expression in human cells, including cell cycle-associated changes in the proteome and transcriptome. We thus address the key question of how different layers of gene expression affect corresponding levels of protein and mRNA in a biologically important, dynamic system. The ...
... characterization of gene expression in human cells, including cell cycle-associated changes in the proteome and transcriptome. We thus address the key question of how different layers of gene expression affect corresponding levels of protein and mRNA in a biologically important, dynamic system. The ...
Photoreception
... Photoreceptors, which contain glutamate, actively take up radiolabeled glutamate from the extracellular space, as do Muller cells (Fig. 3) (Marc and Lam, 1981; Yang and Wu, 1997). Glutamate is incorporated into these cell types through a high affinity glutamate transporter located in the plasma memb ...
... Photoreceptors, which contain glutamate, actively take up radiolabeled glutamate from the extracellular space, as do Muller cells (Fig. 3) (Marc and Lam, 1981; Yang and Wu, 1997). Glutamate is incorporated into these cell types through a high affinity glutamate transporter located in the plasma memb ...
1 Sporulation, bacterial cell envelopes, and the origin of life Elitza I
... cells. We also review the images of Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell walls that show they are more closely related than previously thought, and explain how this provides critical support for the hypothesis. Mapping the distribution of cell envelope architectures onto the most recent phylogenetic ...
... cells. We also review the images of Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell walls that show they are more closely related than previously thought, and explain how this provides critical support for the hypothesis. Mapping the distribution of cell envelope architectures onto the most recent phylogenetic ...
Interplay between SCARECROW, GA and LIKE
... The endodermis in Arabidopsis root does undergo more asymmetric cell divisions, but this usually happens at later developmental stages (more than 2 weeks after germination) (Baum et al., 2002; Paquette and Benfey, 2005). Three layers of cortex have been observed (Baum et al., 2002), but more often o ...
... The endodermis in Arabidopsis root does undergo more asymmetric cell divisions, but this usually happens at later developmental stages (more than 2 weeks after germination) (Baum et al., 2002; Paquette and Benfey, 2005). Three layers of cortex have been observed (Baum et al., 2002), but more often o ...
J. Plant Res.
... compatible molecular signals are exchanged, such as the chitolipooligosaccharide Nod factors synthesised by rhizobia in response to flavonoid nod gene inducers released from roots, a complex chain of developmental events is initiated during which bacteria and host influence one another in activities ...
... compatible molecular signals are exchanged, such as the chitolipooligosaccharide Nod factors synthesised by rhizobia in response to flavonoid nod gene inducers released from roots, a complex chain of developmental events is initiated during which bacteria and host influence one another in activities ...
The a4 Nicotinic Receptor Promotes CD4 T
... driven TH1/TH2 division of immunity, in which smoking promotes TH2-related adaptive immunologic responses (Zhang and Petro, 1996). The molecular target of nicotine is a class of ligand-gated ion channels also activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Changeux, 2010). In mammals, 17 ...
... driven TH1/TH2 division of immunity, in which smoking promotes TH2-related adaptive immunologic responses (Zhang and Petro, 1996). The molecular target of nicotine is a class of ligand-gated ion channels also activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Changeux, 2010). In mammals, 17 ...
Collagen
... Responsible for Catabolism of ECM Connective tissue remodeling Development Wound healing Tumor cell invasion and metastasis At least 25 types, categorized by domain structure and ...
... Responsible for Catabolism of ECM Connective tissue remodeling Development Wound healing Tumor cell invasion and metastasis At least 25 types, categorized by domain structure and ...
Critical regulation of CD4 T cell survival and autoimmunity by b
... online). Thus, the lower survival of CD4+ T cells from Arrb1–/– mice did not seem to be due to lower production of IL-2. Epigenetic regulation of Bcl2 in CD4+ T cells We further investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying b-arrestin 1–induced survival of CD4+ T cells. Given the known functions ...
... online). Thus, the lower survival of CD4+ T cells from Arrb1–/– mice did not seem to be due to lower production of IL-2. Epigenetic regulation of Bcl2 in CD4+ T cells We further investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying b-arrestin 1–induced survival of CD4+ T cells. Given the known functions ...
Lab #6: Neurophysiology Simulation
... negative, and the membrane potential moves back towards the resting potential. Once the membrane potential is repolarized below threshold, the voltage-gated K+ channels close. Although the resting potential has been restored, the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+ are now different from resting ...
... negative, and the membrane potential moves back towards the resting potential. Once the membrane potential is repolarized below threshold, the voltage-gated K+ channels close. Although the resting potential has been restored, the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+ are now different from resting ...
Population Biology of Lymphocytes
... Naive CD4+ T cells also require allele-specific MHC class II interactions to survive (13, 14). Monoclonal TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells, restricted to I-Ad, survive after transfer into IAd+ recipients, but disappear after transfer into I-Ad-Ab+ recipients. Persistence of nonTg CD4+ policlonal populations also ...
... Naive CD4+ T cells also require allele-specific MHC class II interactions to survive (13, 14). Monoclonal TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells, restricted to I-Ad, survive after transfer into IAd+ recipients, but disappear after transfer into I-Ad-Ab+ recipients. Persistence of nonTg CD4+ policlonal populations also ...
Purification and some characteristics of a calcium
... proteins contains Cys residues. The unique trimethyllysine residue present in calmodulin was not determined in the B. cereus spore calcium-binding protein. The spore calcium-bindingProtein has an average (H$ave) of O.90 kcid (3'77 kJ) per residue and a discriminant function (z) of 0 according to the ...
... proteins contains Cys residues. The unique trimethyllysine residue present in calmodulin was not determined in the B. cereus spore calcium-binding protein. The spore calcium-bindingProtein has an average (H$ave) of O.90 kcid (3'77 kJ) per residue and a discriminant function (z) of 0 according to the ...
Photoreceptor Membrane Proteins, Phototransduction, and Retinal
... has been widely used to study the cellular and subcellular distribution of rhodopsin in rod cells and as a rod cell-specific marker in retinal developmental and transplantation studi e s 2],33,4 antibody reacts with the conserved
eight amino acid C terminus of rhodopsin.57'38 Thi ...
... has been widely used to study the cellular and subcellular distribution of rhodopsin in rod cells and as a rod cell-specific marker in retinal developmental and transplantation studi e s 2],33,
The ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
... (zig-zag), and the NBD, containing the nucleotide binding fold, are shown for the three main types of full-size ABC transporters. B, Putative catalytic mechanism. The figures schematize an ABC transporter with its four domains, two of which (TMDs) are embedded in the membrane. A substrate (S) coming ...
... (zig-zag), and the NBD, containing the nucleotide binding fold, are shown for the three main types of full-size ABC transporters. B, Putative catalytic mechanism. The figures schematize an ABC transporter with its four domains, two of which (TMDs) are embedded in the membrane. A substrate (S) coming ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.