Fig. 1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Tim23 pore. A surprising and still unresolved observation is that a loss of Tim50 leads to robust import defects for matrix proteins, but has a much lesser effect on precursors sorted into the inner membrane (Geissler et al., 2002). To assess the function of Tim50 in protein transport, we isolated m ...
... Tim23 pore. A surprising and still unresolved observation is that a loss of Tim50 leads to robust import defects for matrix proteins, but has a much lesser effect on precursors sorted into the inner membrane (Geissler et al., 2002). To assess the function of Tim50 in protein transport, we isolated m ...
microbial genetics
... the regulation of the lac operon involves (i) induction by lactose and (ii) repression by glucose (as we will see later this has been termed as catabolite repression or glucose effect). First let us see the organization of the lac operon. The operon has three structural genes : lacZ encoding the enz ...
... the regulation of the lac operon involves (i) induction by lactose and (ii) repression by glucose (as we will see later this has been termed as catabolite repression or glucose effect). First let us see the organization of the lac operon. The operon has three structural genes : lacZ encoding the enz ...
Identification of proteins that putatively bind the
... based on turgor pressure-induced changes in their shape. Stomatal aperture and density are affected by environmental stimuli such as light quality and quantity, CO2 concentrations, and water availability. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MUTE drives the differentiation of trans ...
... based on turgor pressure-induced changes in their shape. Stomatal aperture and density are affected by environmental stimuli such as light quality and quantity, CO2 concentrations, and water availability. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MUTE drives the differentiation of trans ...
The Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting Pathway: A Historical
... used for cell biology studies. Randy Schekman was giving a seminar on campus at that time, and I told him about our project. He suggested that we generate antibodies that only recognized prApe1 and carry out a screen looking for mutants that accumulate the precursor form of the protein. We did attem ...
... used for cell biology studies. Randy Schekman was giving a seminar on campus at that time, and I told him about our project. He suggested that we generate antibodies that only recognized prApe1 and carry out a screen looking for mutants that accumulate the precursor form of the protein. We did attem ...
A differential requirement for SUMOylation in proliferating and non
... Although transcriptional regulation is known to play a vital role in controlling patterning and proliferation during Drosophila development, the contribution of post-translational mechanisms, such as SUMOylation, are less well understood. SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier) belongs to a family o ...
... Although transcriptional regulation is known to play a vital role in controlling patterning and proliferation during Drosophila development, the contribution of post-translational mechanisms, such as SUMOylation, are less well understood. SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier) belongs to a family o ...
Cardiac optogenetics - Biomedical Engineering
... above share relatively high level of complexity and lack of robustness, which determines their limited popularity or their use only within a rather specialized field. BR: nature’s archetypal optoelectric transducer. BR is one of the simplest and the best studied optoelectric transducers from the mic ...
... above share relatively high level of complexity and lack of robustness, which determines their limited popularity or their use only within a rather specialized field. BR: nature’s archetypal optoelectric transducer. BR is one of the simplest and the best studied optoelectric transducers from the mic ...
Heinrichs, V., and Baker, B. S.
... understand which molecular interactions are required in splicing regulation. Both binding of SR proteins to their target pre-mRNAs and protein–protein interactions of SR proteins with both regulatory and general splicing factors are expected to be important in determining splice site choices. These ...
... understand which molecular interactions are required in splicing regulation. Both binding of SR proteins to their target pre-mRNAs and protein–protein interactions of SR proteins with both regulatory and general splicing factors are expected to be important in determining splice site choices. These ...
Human mitochondrial leucyl tRNA synthetase can suppress non
... m.1624C>T Leigh disease mutation, did not recapitulate the profound biochemical phenotype found in the patient’s skeletal muscle (Rorbach et al, 2008). We therefore aimed to exploit the aneuploid nature of the 143B.206 q0 parental cell line and identify whether isolating clones from the population w ...
... m.1624C>T Leigh disease mutation, did not recapitulate the profound biochemical phenotype found in the patient’s skeletal muscle (Rorbach et al, 2008). We therefore aimed to exploit the aneuploid nature of the 143B.206 q0 parental cell line and identify whether isolating clones from the population w ...
cellular respiration
... Indicate if each of the following characteristics / descriptions is true of Substratelevel and Oxidative phosphorylation. ______ Produce ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP ______ Involves the direct transfer of a phosphate from an intermediate to ADP ______ Couples the addition of a phosphate to ADP w ...
... Indicate if each of the following characteristics / descriptions is true of Substratelevel and Oxidative phosphorylation. ______ Produce ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP ______ Involves the direct transfer of a phosphate from an intermediate to ADP ______ Couples the addition of a phosphate to ADP w ...
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects
... cyclin construct was poorly efficient, but 10 independent transformants could finally be recovered (called CycB1Mut1-to-10). One of these plants, CycB1Mut8, was not fertile and thus was not studied further. The other nine CycB1Mut plants were selfpollinated, and segregation analyses indicated a vari ...
... cyclin construct was poorly efficient, but 10 independent transformants could finally be recovered (called CycB1Mut1-to-10). One of these plants, CycB1Mut8, was not fertile and thus was not studied further. The other nine CycB1Mut plants were selfpollinated, and segregation analyses indicated a vari ...
Head-tail patterning of the vertebrate embryo: one, two or many
... Textbooks and even some primary papers make the assumption that, as in the fly, vertebrate embryos specify their head-tail axis very early in development, even before gastrulation. Thus, diagrams depicting the organization of the early (blastula- or early gastrula-stage) embryo may include indicatio ...
... Textbooks and even some primary papers make the assumption that, as in the fly, vertebrate embryos specify their head-tail axis very early in development, even before gastrulation. Thus, diagrams depicting the organization of the early (blastula- or early gastrula-stage) embryo may include indicatio ...
Targeting of Active Sialyltransferase to the Plant Golgi Apparatus
... Transit of ST through the secretory pathway in the callus cells was investigated by endo-b-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) digestion of proteins. This enzyme cleaves the chitobiose core of high-mannose and hybrid N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, but it does not recognize the complex gl ...
... Transit of ST through the secretory pathway in the callus cells was investigated by endo-b-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) digestion of proteins. This enzyme cleaves the chitobiose core of high-mannose and hybrid N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, but it does not recognize the complex gl ...
Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV) RNA Binding Protein
... Abstract: Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus infecting salmonid fish. The virus is adapted to low temperature and has a replication optimum between 10–15 ˝ C. In this study the subcellular localization and protein interactions for the protein encoded by the largest open read ...
... Abstract: Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus infecting salmonid fish. The virus is adapted to low temperature and has a replication optimum between 10–15 ˝ C. In this study the subcellular localization and protein interactions for the protein encoded by the largest open read ...
Structure and mechanism of ATP-dependent phospholipid transporters
... consisting of two half transporters. In either case, this type of transporter contains two transmembrane domains (TMD1 and 2), each harboring 6 transmembrane helices named 1 to 6 in TMD1 and 1′ to 6′ in TMD2. Furthermore, two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) are present on the cytosolic si ...
... consisting of two half transporters. In either case, this type of transporter contains two transmembrane domains (TMD1 and 2), each harboring 6 transmembrane helices named 1 to 6 in TMD1 and 1′ to 6′ in TMD2. Furthermore, two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) are present on the cytosolic si ...
sites of protein synthesis in nucleoli of root meristematic cells of
... The present observations revealed that, as early as 5 min after immersion of primary roots of A. cepa in a solution of [3H]arginine, a radioautographic reaction was obtained over the cytoplasm and nucleus of meristematic cells. This indicated that the radioactive arginine must have reached even the ...
... The present observations revealed that, as early as 5 min after immersion of primary roots of A. cepa in a solution of [3H]arginine, a radioautographic reaction was obtained over the cytoplasm and nucleus of meristematic cells. This indicated that the radioactive arginine must have reached even the ...
Study Guide A - The Science of Payne
... 1. Cellular respiration is a process that releases glucose / energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen / carbon dioxide is present. 2. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs oxygen / carbon dioxide to take place. 3. Cellular respiration ...
... 1. Cellular respiration is a process that releases glucose / energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen / carbon dioxide is present. 2. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs oxygen / carbon dioxide to take place. 3. Cellular respiration ...
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects
... cyclin construct was poorly efficient, but 10 independent transformants could finally be recovered (called CycB1Mut1-to-10). One of these plants, CycB1Mut8, was not fertile and thus was not studied further. The other nine CycB1Mut plants were selfpollinated, and segregation analyses indicated a vari ...
... cyclin construct was poorly efficient, but 10 independent transformants could finally be recovered (called CycB1Mut1-to-10). One of these plants, CycB1Mut8, was not fertile and thus was not studied further. The other nine CycB1Mut plants were selfpollinated, and segregation analyses indicated a vari ...
The Phosphoproteome of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Eyespot
... this way, genetically engineered surviving retinal neurons were generated to take on the lost photoreceptive function. A recent conducted proteomic analysis of a fraction enriched in eyespot apparatuses of C. reinhardtii, including the lipid globuli and the associated parts of chloroplast and plasma ...
... this way, genetically engineered surviving retinal neurons were generated to take on the lost photoreceptive function. A recent conducted proteomic analysis of a fraction enriched in eyespot apparatuses of C. reinhardtii, including the lipid globuli and the associated parts of chloroplast and plasma ...
A Genetically Encoded Optical Neurotechnique Probe of Membrane
... we have constructed a novel, genetically encoded probe that can be used to measure transmembrane voltage in single cells. We fused a modified green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a voltage-sensitive K1 channel so that voltage-dependent rearrangements in the K1 channel would induce changes in the flu ...
... we have constructed a novel, genetically encoded probe that can be used to measure transmembrane voltage in single cells. We fused a modified green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a voltage-sensitive K1 channel so that voltage-dependent rearrangements in the K1 channel would induce changes in the flu ...
Locally evoked potentials in slices of the rat nucleus - UvA-DARE
... Both the PS and the PSP exhibited a marked degree of paired-pulse facilitation. The qnisqualate/kalnate receptor antagonist 6cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 2 gM) and the broadly acting glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (300/~M) reversibly abolished or reduced both the PS and PS ...
... Both the PS and the PSP exhibited a marked degree of paired-pulse facilitation. The qnisqualate/kalnate receptor antagonist 6cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 2 gM) and the broadly acting glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (300/~M) reversibly abolished or reduced both the PS and PS ...
Origin of homochirality in biological systems
... and phosphoro-ethers ? However, the first chiral component in the formose reaction is GLA from which D-GLA-3phosphate and all of the different membrane molecules can be synthesized. A central question about the biological evolution is ‘ what came first, the metabolism or the replication ? ’ (Pross 2 ...
... and phosphoro-ethers ? However, the first chiral component in the formose reaction is GLA from which D-GLA-3phosphate and all of the different membrane molecules can be synthesized. A central question about the biological evolution is ‘ what came first, the metabolism or the replication ? ’ (Pross 2 ...
11. Kikkawa, M. et al. Switch-based mechanism of
... Our ultrastructural analyses also revealed striking ectopic myelin-like membranes in kif1bst43 mutants (Fig. 6a-f) at the same time that we observed robust ectopic expression of myelin proteins in kif1bst43 mutant oligodendrocyte cell bodies. Myelin-like membrane was present in processes that did no ...
... Our ultrastructural analyses also revealed striking ectopic myelin-like membranes in kif1bst43 mutants (Fig. 6a-f) at the same time that we observed robust ectopic expression of myelin proteins in kif1bst43 mutant oligodendrocyte cell bodies. Myelin-like membrane was present in processes that did no ...
Read about actions of formaldehyde on antigens
... can be detected only in unfixed cryosections; most are more easily detected after fixation. Paraffin embedding is usually preferable to either plastic embedding or cutting unembedded specimens with a vibrating microtome or in a cryostat. There are, however, plenty of exceptions to this generalizatio ...
... can be detected only in unfixed cryosections; most are more easily detected after fixation. Paraffin embedding is usually preferable to either plastic embedding or cutting unembedded specimens with a vibrating microtome or in a cryostat. There are, however, plenty of exceptions to this generalizatio ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... was the first example in which anandamide was shown to modulate ion channel activity without activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. To date, the list of ion channels which can be directly regulated by anandamide include various neurotransmitter-gated channels, Ca2+ and K+ -channels and TRP-chan ...
... was the first example in which anandamide was shown to modulate ion channel activity without activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. To date, the list of ion channels which can be directly regulated by anandamide include various neurotransmitter-gated channels, Ca2+ and K+ -channels and TRP-chan ...
Allosteric regulation and catalysis emerge via a common
... of amino acids through which allosteric signals are communicated. An alternative approach developed by Rama Ranganathan and colleagues uses a sequence-based statistical analysis (SCA) method for estimating the architecture of functional couplings in proteins11,48–51. The principle behind this approa ...
... of amino acids through which allosteric signals are communicated. An alternative approach developed by Rama Ranganathan and colleagues uses a sequence-based statistical analysis (SCA) method for estimating the architecture of functional couplings in proteins11,48–51. The principle behind this approa ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.