STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
... stimuli, such stimuli are just one of the many factors that are involved. There have been reports that, under conditions of great threat or strong emotion, people with severe injuries (including open wounds and bone fractures) report little or no pain1. Drug actions can also be highly variable; for ...
... stimuli, such stimuli are just one of the many factors that are involved. There have been reports that, under conditions of great threat or strong emotion, people with severe injuries (including open wounds and bone fractures) report little or no pain1. Drug actions can also be highly variable; for ...
Reitmaier, Rick: Review of Immunoinformatic Approaches to In-silico B-Cell Epitope Prediction
... In examining the nature of T-cell binding, it can be seen that the amino acids presented to T-cells consist of short linear peptide segments that have been cleaved from antigenic proteins. Because of the constraint that the epitopes must be linear along the polypeptide chain, many sequence based alg ...
... In examining the nature of T-cell binding, it can be seen that the amino acids presented to T-cells consist of short linear peptide segments that have been cleaved from antigenic proteins. Because of the constraint that the epitopes must be linear along the polypeptide chain, many sequence based alg ...
Sugar-Regulated Expression of a Putative
... (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has made important advances in recent years and has become a strong base for the elucidation of nutrient-sensing mechanisms in other eukaryotic organisms (Rolland et al., 2001, 2002). In yeast, two particular members of the family of Glc transporters RGT2 and SNF3 have bee ...
... (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has made important advances in recent years and has become a strong base for the elucidation of nutrient-sensing mechanisms in other eukaryotic organisms (Rolland et al., 2001, 2002). In yeast, two particular members of the family of Glc transporters RGT2 and SNF3 have bee ...
Chimie de l`H érédité.
... attain. They demand elucidation of the relevant 3D structures and present difficulties of the first order of magnitude. This is especially true of the ribosomes which have molecular weights about 3 x 10 6, a size 200 x larger than that of the oxygencarrying molecule myoglobin, ...
... attain. They demand elucidation of the relevant 3D structures and present difficulties of the first order of magnitude. This is especially true of the ribosomes which have molecular weights about 3 x 10 6, a size 200 x larger than that of the oxygencarrying molecule myoglobin, ...
Patterning and morphogenesis of the follicle cell epithelium during
... and migrate posteriorly so that by stage 1OA, the oocyte is covered by a sheet of thick columnar follicle cells, while only a thin layer of stretched cells are leh covering the nurse cells (Fig. 20). At the same time, a group of about 6 to 10 anterior follicle cells move through the nurse cell clust ...
... and migrate posteriorly so that by stage 1OA, the oocyte is covered by a sheet of thick columnar follicle cells, while only a thin layer of stretched cells are leh covering the nurse cells (Fig. 20). At the same time, a group of about 6 to 10 anterior follicle cells move through the nurse cell clust ...
Response of Jujube Fruits to Exogenous Oxalic Acid Treatment
... the results from electrospray ionization-MS/MS (ESI-MS/MS) analysis (Table 1), we found that a CBS domain-containing protein (J-13) was up-regulated by OA treatment (Fig. 7). CBS domains are generally found in cytosolic or membrane proteins performing different functions, including metabolic ...
... the results from electrospray ionization-MS/MS (ESI-MS/MS) analysis (Table 1), we found that a CBS domain-containing protein (J-13) was up-regulated by OA treatment (Fig. 7). CBS domains are generally found in cytosolic or membrane proteins performing different functions, including metabolic ...
Rapid movement of axonal neurofilaments interrupted by prolonged
... low axonal transport refers to the anterograde movement of cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins along axons at modal rates of 0.2–8 mm per day, a speed that is several orders of magnitude slower than the rate of transport of the membranous organelles that comprise fast axonal transport1. Most attempt ...
... low axonal transport refers to the anterograde movement of cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins along axons at modal rates of 0.2–8 mm per day, a speed that is several orders of magnitude slower than the rate of transport of the membranous organelles that comprise fast axonal transport1. Most attempt ...
Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression
... early abnormalities that precede or accompany the initial stages of cognitive impairment. This concept truly warrants revisiting, particularly in light of the emerging evidence that impaired insulin signaling may have an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Currently, there is a growing interes ...
... early abnormalities that precede or accompany the initial stages of cognitive impairment. This concept truly warrants revisiting, particularly in light of the emerging evidence that impaired insulin signaling may have an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Currently, there is a growing interes ...
development through auxin-induced cytokinin oxidase activity
... auxin transport systems are also important components of the elongation process induced by low R/FR. Consistent with the observation that phytochrome regulation of stem elongation is partly the result of changes in IAA levels, it was found that axr1, severely impaired in auxin response, does not elo ...
... auxin transport systems are also important components of the elongation process induced by low R/FR. Consistent with the observation that phytochrome regulation of stem elongation is partly the result of changes in IAA levels, it was found that axr1, severely impaired in auxin response, does not elo ...
Myosin X is a downstream effector of PI(3)K during phagocytosis articles
... RAW 264.7 cells resulted in a 79% ± 2% reduction of EIgG (antibody-coated erythrocytes) phagocytosis, compared to nonexpressing control cells (p < 0.001). We determined which domains of Myo10 were responsible for the inhibition of phagocytosis by expressing GFP-tagged versions of the different domai ...
... RAW 264.7 cells resulted in a 79% ± 2% reduction of EIgG (antibody-coated erythrocytes) phagocytosis, compared to nonexpressing control cells (p < 0.001). We determined which domains of Myo10 were responsible for the inhibition of phagocytosis by expressing GFP-tagged versions of the different domai ...
PPT - Portland State University
... rhodopsin ratio of 100:1. The lipid to rhodopsin ratio for each preparation was determined by independent lipid and protein assays. Samples for equilibrium and kinetic measurements contained 7.5 M rhodopsin in reconstituted vesicles incubated with or without transducin (1.5 M) for 3 hours on ice i ...
... rhodopsin ratio of 100:1. The lipid to rhodopsin ratio for each preparation was determined by independent lipid and protein assays. Samples for equilibrium and kinetic measurements contained 7.5 M rhodopsin in reconstituted vesicles incubated with or without transducin (1.5 M) for 3 hours on ice i ...
Cell-Specific Transcriptional Profiling of Ciliated Sensory Neurons
... Over half of the overrepresented genes including 70 in the top 100 have no assigned name or described RNAi phenotype, likely because global RNAi screens do not examine adult male phenotypes. Thus, many of these EVN signature genes may function specifically in the adult male. Sixty-one of 335 signatu ...
... Over half of the overrepresented genes including 70 in the top 100 have no assigned name or described RNAi phenotype, likely because global RNAi screens do not examine adult male phenotypes. Thus, many of these EVN signature genes may function specifically in the adult male. Sixty-one of 335 signatu ...
Sphingolipid homeostasis in the web of metabolic routes
... the sphingolipidome might differentiate between these two functions. Growing evidence supports the importance of substrate specificity of enzymes belonging to the degradation pathway in production of bioactive SLs. Recent observations in S. cerevisiae support the role of a specific ceramide species ge ...
... the sphingolipidome might differentiate between these two functions. Growing evidence supports the importance of substrate specificity of enzymes belonging to the degradation pathway in production of bioactive SLs. Recent observations in S. cerevisiae support the role of a specific ceramide species ge ...
Test 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 – Introduction
... 1. Protons have been pumped into inter/outer-membrane space. High concentration drives movement of protons back across membrane. 2. ATP synthase: force of proton movement turns powers ATP synthesis. (Fig. 5.16) 3. Electrons accepted by various molecules h. Balance sheet: 38 ATP (34 from 10 NAD and 2 ...
... 1. Protons have been pumped into inter/outer-membrane space. High concentration drives movement of protons back across membrane. 2. ATP synthase: force of proton movement turns powers ATP synthesis. (Fig. 5.16) 3. Electrons accepted by various molecules h. Balance sheet: 38 ATP (34 from 10 NAD and 2 ...
Vahisalu et al., 2008
... Stomatal pores, formed by two surrounding guard cells in the epidermis of plant leaves, allow influx of atmospheric carbon dioxide in exchange for transpirational water loss. Stomata also restrict the entry of ozone — an important air pollutant that has an increasingly negative impact on crop yields ...
... Stomatal pores, formed by two surrounding guard cells in the epidermis of plant leaves, allow influx of atmospheric carbon dioxide in exchange for transpirational water loss. Stomata also restrict the entry of ozone — an important air pollutant that has an increasingly negative impact on crop yields ...
Malpighian tubules and formation of uric acid
... and also sets up a concentration gradient (that is an electrochemical gradient is established) and this attracts positive ions, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) into the cell from the haemolymph. The influx of these positive ions drags in negative chloride ions to balance the charge. These io ...
... and also sets up a concentration gradient (that is an electrochemical gradient is established) and this attracts positive ions, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) into the cell from the haemolymph. The influx of these positive ions drags in negative chloride ions to balance the charge. These io ...
Fukuda, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol
... (IAA), produced by expanding leaves and transported basipetally, was the limiting and controlling factor in the regeneration of xylem strands around a wound. Sachs (129) proposed the “canalization” hypothesis, which suggests that auxin flow that starts initially by diffusion induces the formation of ...
... (IAA), produced by expanding leaves and transported basipetally, was the limiting and controlling factor in the regeneration of xylem strands around a wound. Sachs (129) proposed the “canalization” hypothesis, which suggests that auxin flow that starts initially by diffusion induces the formation of ...
Test 1 Study Guide
... iii. Phospholipids have a polar head with a phosphate group and a non-polar tail. (Fig. 2.10) iv. Steroids – four ring groups. E.g. cholesterol (precursor to other steroids and membrane component), estradiol, testosterone (Fig. 2.11) d. Proteins i. Monomers are amino acids. Monomers are linked by pe ...
... iii. Phospholipids have a polar head with a phosphate group and a non-polar tail. (Fig. 2.10) iv. Steroids – four ring groups. E.g. cholesterol (precursor to other steroids and membrane component), estradiol, testosterone (Fig. 2.11) d. Proteins i. Monomers are amino acids. Monomers are linked by pe ...
ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transport systems: Functional and
... Fig. 1. Organization of the four structural domains of ABC transporters. The domains can basically be expressed as separate polypeptides or can be fused in a variety of con¢gurations. A is mainly represented by binding protein-dependent bacterial import systems. In some cases either the membrane-int ...
... Fig. 1. Organization of the four structural domains of ABC transporters. The domains can basically be expressed as separate polypeptides or can be fused in a variety of con¢gurations. A is mainly represented by binding protein-dependent bacterial import systems. In some cases either the membrane-int ...
Neuronal RNA Localization and the Cytoskeleton
... systems could provide a mechanism for localizing mRNAs to distinct intraneuronal regions. Evidence indicates that a nucleic acid-based recognition mechanism exists to sort mRNAs which code for cytoskeletal proteins (Kislauskis and Singer 1992). In many cell types, the presence of specific localizati ...
... systems could provide a mechanism for localizing mRNAs to distinct intraneuronal regions. Evidence indicates that a nucleic acid-based recognition mechanism exists to sort mRNAs which code for cytoskeletal proteins (Kislauskis and Singer 1992). In many cell types, the presence of specific localizati ...
Ca2+ signalling and control of guard-cell volume in stomatal
... with Mn2+). They found that Mn2+ quenches the fluorescence of the Ca2+-sensitive dye Fura2 and, because it also permeates many Ca2+ channels, it provides an assay for divalent release. When they evoked action potentials, Plieth et al. [31••] observed a quenching of Fura2 fluorescence in cells that w ...
... with Mn2+). They found that Mn2+ quenches the fluorescence of the Ca2+-sensitive dye Fura2 and, because it also permeates many Ca2+ channels, it provides an assay for divalent release. When they evoked action potentials, Plieth et al. [31••] observed a quenching of Fura2 fluorescence in cells that w ...
Communication - Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
... to the sequence of DP-71 was in vitro translated with [35S]methionine as described above (20, 21). This probe was used to overlay skeletal muscle surface membranes and purified DGC separated by SDS-PAGE. This dystrophin isoform bound the syntrophin triplet suggesting that all the syntrophins includi ...
... to the sequence of DP-71 was in vitro translated with [35S]methionine as described above (20, 21). This probe was used to overlay skeletal muscle surface membranes and purified DGC separated by SDS-PAGE. This dystrophin isoform bound the syntrophin triplet suggesting that all the syntrophins includi ...
Functional Selectivity and Antidepressant Activity of Serotonin 1A
... agonists rapidly but transiently increase phosphorylation of ERK in the hypothalamus [53–55], and this effect of 5-HT1A receptors is likely an intermediate step for 5-HT1A receptor-induced elevation of oxytocin, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and prolactin [53]. In hippocampal-derived differentiated HN ...
... agonists rapidly but transiently increase phosphorylation of ERK in the hypothalamus [53–55], and this effect of 5-HT1A receptors is likely an intermediate step for 5-HT1A receptor-induced elevation of oxytocin, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and prolactin [53]. In hippocampal-derived differentiated HN ...
Zasp is required for the assembly of functional integrin adhesion sites
... These observations point to a major role for integrins in S2R+ cell spreading and indicate that S2 cells spread on concanavalin A by an integrin-independent mechanism. We next tested if this difference in spreading can be exploited to screen for novel regulators of integrin-mediated cell spreading. ...
... These observations point to a major role for integrins in S2R+ cell spreading and indicate that S2 cells spread on concanavalin A by an integrin-independent mechanism. We next tested if this difference in spreading can be exploited to screen for novel regulators of integrin-mediated cell spreading. ...
Plant microtubule organization
... microtubules as the major structural components of mitotic spindles and flagellae. In these cases, microtubules emanate from centrosomes, microtubule-nucleating complexes that are focused around a microtubule-derived apparatus known as a centriole. Centrosomes can act interchangeably as spindle pole ...
... microtubules as the major structural components of mitotic spindles and flagellae. In these cases, microtubules emanate from centrosomes, microtubule-nucleating complexes that are focused around a microtubule-derived apparatus known as a centriole. Centrosomes can act interchangeably as spindle pole ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.