Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes
... Na/Ca exchanger mechanism is essential in myocardial intracellular Ca regulation Na/Ca exchange is the main means by which Ca (entering the cell via L-type Ca channels) is extruded from the cell, during both relaxation & diastole. By comparison the sarcolemmal Ca-pump (SLCP) seems relatively unimpor ...
... Na/Ca exchanger mechanism is essential in myocardial intracellular Ca regulation Na/Ca exchange is the main means by which Ca (entering the cell via L-type Ca channels) is extruded from the cell, during both relaxation & diastole. By comparison the sarcolemmal Ca-pump (SLCP) seems relatively unimpor ...
The many ways to age for a single yeast cell
... been described, among which ageing has drawn most attention in the course of the last decade. Mostly, ageing is defined as the progressive loss of function in all constituents of living cells, leading to a decrease in both survival rate and reproductive capability. Several theories have been develope ...
... been described, among which ageing has drawn most attention in the course of the last decade. Mostly, ageing is defined as the progressive loss of function in all constituents of living cells, leading to a decrease in both survival rate and reproductive capability. Several theories have been develope ...
Induction of type I interferons by bacteria.
... Chlamydia muridarum both require STING for type I IFN induction in vitro (Ishikawa and Barber, 2008, Prantner et al., 2010). Many other bacteria probably require STING for type I IFN induction as it appears to function in multiple cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways. Cytosolic cyclic-di-GMP sens ...
... Chlamydia muridarum both require STING for type I IFN induction in vitro (Ishikawa and Barber, 2008, Prantner et al., 2010). Many other bacteria probably require STING for type I IFN induction as it appears to function in multiple cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways. Cytosolic cyclic-di-GMP sens ...
Membrane permeability of the human granulocyte to
... stained with Giemsa stain (VWR) using standard methods. Briefly, a small volume of cell suspension was smeared onto the surface of a microscope slide and allowed to dry. The slide was then submerged in methanol for 30 seconds. After allowing the slide to dry, it was submerged in a staining solution ...
... stained with Giemsa stain (VWR) using standard methods. Briefly, a small volume of cell suspension was smeared onto the surface of a microscope slide and allowed to dry. The slide was then submerged in methanol for 30 seconds. After allowing the slide to dry, it was submerged in a staining solution ...
DISCUSSION The actin cytoskeleton mediates a variety of essential processes in... including cell motility, cell shape, phagocytosis, and cytokinesis. Three distinct...
... The actin cytoskeleton mediates a variety of essential processes in all eukaryotic cells, including cell motility, cell shape, phagocytosis, and cytokinesis. Three distinct kinds of actin-based structures have been identified, which are regulated by the Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 induces filopodia ...
... The actin cytoskeleton mediates a variety of essential processes in all eukaryotic cells, including cell motility, cell shape, phagocytosis, and cytokinesis. Three distinct kinds of actin-based structures have been identified, which are regulated by the Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 induces filopodia ...
Polysialic acid controls NCAM signals at cell–cell contacts to
... from four to eight independent experiments for each condition. One-way ANOVA indicated significant differences (P,0.001) for cells in contact. ***P,0.001 versus all other groups (Newman–Keuls post test); n.s., not significant (P.0.01), t-test. (D,E) LSAM1PST cells immunolabelled for FAK (red), NCAM ...
... from four to eight independent experiments for each condition. One-way ANOVA indicated significant differences (P,0.001) for cells in contact. ***P,0.001 versus all other groups (Newman–Keuls post test); n.s., not significant (P.0.01), t-test. (D,E) LSAM1PST cells immunolabelled for FAK (red), NCAM ...
Differential expression of genes under control of the
... family encodes dikaryon-specific hydrophilic proteins with homology to pathogenesis-related proteins (PR1 proteins) of plants (Schuren e t al., 1993). The SCl/SC3/SC4 gene family encodes cysteine-rich hydrophobic proteins (Schuren & Wessels, 1990) which we called hydrophobins (Wessels e t a/., 1991a ...
... family encodes dikaryon-specific hydrophilic proteins with homology to pathogenesis-related proteins (PR1 proteins) of plants (Schuren e t al., 1993). The SCl/SC3/SC4 gene family encodes cysteine-rich hydrophobic proteins (Schuren & Wessels, 1990) which we called hydrophobins (Wessels e t a/., 1991a ...
The cortical cytoskeletal network and cell-wall
... Microtubules were labelled using the freeze shattering technique of Wasteneys et al. (1997). Briefly, cells were collected and washed three times with fresh WHS and then fixed in 0.5 % glutaraldehyde and 1.5 % paraformaldehyde (EMS) in a microtubule stabilizing buffer (MtbSB) containing 50 mM PIPES, ...
... Microtubules were labelled using the freeze shattering technique of Wasteneys et al. (1997). Briefly, cells were collected and washed three times with fresh WHS and then fixed in 0.5 % glutaraldehyde and 1.5 % paraformaldehyde (EMS) in a microtubule stabilizing buffer (MtbSB) containing 50 mM PIPES, ...
Mitotic Disrupter Herbicides
... Microtubules are hollow cylinders with an external diameter of 25 nanometers(Figure 1). They range in length up to 200 microns, although microtubules of this length are rarely detected. The microtubules are primarily composed of the dimeric protein tubulin, which is composed of similar but distinct ...
... Microtubules are hollow cylinders with an external diameter of 25 nanometers(Figure 1). They range in length up to 200 microns, although microtubules of this length are rarely detected. The microtubules are primarily composed of the dimeric protein tubulin, which is composed of similar but distinct ...
Microtubule associated protein END BINDING 1b: functional domain
... These photosynthetic organisms are primary producers in the food chain, and they also provide fuel, industrial material, and even medicine for humans. Meyer et al. (2012) have estimated that just over 100 terrestrial plant species contribute more than 90% of the world’s food supply. According to the ...
... These photosynthetic organisms are primary producers in the food chain, and they also provide fuel, industrial material, and even medicine for humans. Meyer et al. (2012) have estimated that just over 100 terrestrial plant species contribute more than 90% of the world’s food supply. According to the ...
Caffeoylquinic acids as inhibitors for HIV-I protease and HIV
... Three types of docking were used on this study. In rigid docking, the possible binding conformations of a ligand (small molecule) in a specific area of the receptor are evaluated by rotating its bonds and translating the molecule. Flexible docking is similar to rigid docking in the sense that the se ...
... Three types of docking were used on this study. In rigid docking, the possible binding conformations of a ligand (small molecule) in a specific area of the receptor are evaluated by rotating its bonds and translating the molecule. Flexible docking is similar to rigid docking in the sense that the se ...
Human Dcp2: a catalytically active mRNA decapping enzyme
... thus resulting from DcpS activity, fail to co-migrate with the product generated by hDcp2 (Figure 3A) but migrate at the expected positions compared to unlabelled standards (m7GMP and inorganic phosphate, Pi). To prove de®nitively that the product of the reaction catalysed by hDcp2 contains two phos ...
... thus resulting from DcpS activity, fail to co-migrate with the product generated by hDcp2 (Figure 3A) but migrate at the expected positions compared to unlabelled standards (m7GMP and inorganic phosphate, Pi). To prove de®nitively that the product of the reaction catalysed by hDcp2 contains two phos ...
Global regulator H-NS and lipoprotein NlpI influence production of
... hns mutant was not detected; therefore, H-NS regulation of eDNA is not related to Hha. The aspC, ybgF, moaE, menD, pstA, cyaA, pnp, and yieL mutants did not have statistically significant differences in their eDNA compared to the wild-type strain as assayed by qPCR. The rfaG (2.4 fold) and groL (2.9 ...
... hns mutant was not detected; therefore, H-NS regulation of eDNA is not related to Hha. The aspC, ybgF, moaE, menD, pstA, cyaA, pnp, and yieL mutants did not have statistically significant differences in their eDNA compared to the wild-type strain as assayed by qPCR. The rfaG (2.4 fold) and groL (2.9 ...
Caffeoylquinic acids as inhibitors for HIV-I protease and HIV
... Three types of docking were used on this study. In rigid docking, the possible binding conformations of a ligand (small molecule) in a specific area of the receptor are evaluated by rotating its bonds and translating the molecule. Flexible docking is similar to rigid docking in the sense that the se ...
... Three types of docking were used on this study. In rigid docking, the possible binding conformations of a ligand (small molecule) in a specific area of the receptor are evaluated by rotating its bonds and translating the molecule. Flexible docking is similar to rigid docking in the sense that the se ...
2016 – Identification of chromatin accessibility domains in human
... Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is physiological in embryogenesis and wound healing but also associated with the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Many EMT signaling pathways are implicated in CSC formation, but the precise underlying mechanisms of CSC formation remain elusive. We ha ...
... Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is physiological in embryogenesis and wound healing but also associated with the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Many EMT signaling pathways are implicated in CSC formation, but the precise underlying mechanisms of CSC formation remain elusive. We ha ...
Regulatory roles of cyclin dependent kinase phosphorylation in cell
... shaded shapes represent high activityof the protein, and lightlyshaded shapes represent low activityof the protein. (a) Cdc2-cyclin complexes are inhibited through Cdc2 Tyr(Y)15 phosphorylation during interphase, and activated (so Y15 is not phosphorylated) during mitosis. Both Cdc25 (which dephosph ...
... shaded shapes represent high activityof the protein, and lightlyshaded shapes represent low activityof the protein. (a) Cdc2-cyclin complexes are inhibited through Cdc2 Tyr(Y)15 phosphorylation during interphase, and activated (so Y15 is not phosphorylated) during mitosis. Both Cdc25 (which dephosph ...
Geometrical constraints in the scaling relationships between
... GS and other cell properties, where the independent variable is unclear [44] and relationships are not always very strong [5,11]. In such cases, it is necessary to estimate the scaling exponent by more appropriate techniques, such as standard major axis regression (SMA, sometimes also called reduced ...
... GS and other cell properties, where the independent variable is unclear [44] and relationships are not always very strong [5,11]. In such cases, it is necessary to estimate the scaling exponent by more appropriate techniques, such as standard major axis regression (SMA, sometimes also called reduced ...
Resting membrane potential is
... depolarization results in a graded response which would not be transferred. However a stimulus big enough to move the membrane potential beyond the threshold will generate action potential that can propagate to distant regions of the cells • Threshold potential of-55mV corresponds to the potential t ...
... depolarization results in a graded response which would not be transferred. However a stimulus big enough to move the membrane potential beyond the threshold will generate action potential that can propagate to distant regions of the cells • Threshold potential of-55mV corresponds to the potential t ...
Memory Extinction, Learning Anew, and Learning the New
... -adrenergic receptors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein synthesis. We show that extinction of CTA memory is also dependent on protein synthesis and -adrenergic receptors in the IC, but independent of muscarinic receptors and MAPK. This resembles the molecular signature of the f ...
... -adrenergic receptors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein synthesis. We show that extinction of CTA memory is also dependent on protein synthesis and -adrenergic receptors in the IC, but independent of muscarinic receptors and MAPK. This resembles the molecular signature of the f ...
Mutational effects on protein structure and function Jonas Carlsson Link¨
... known activity. To be able to analyse such a large number of mutations we developed an automated method for evaluation of the mutation effect called PREDMUT. In this method we include twelve different prediction parameters including two energy parameters calculated using an energy minimization proce ...
... known activity. To be able to analyse such a large number of mutations we developed an automated method for evaluation of the mutation effect called PREDMUT. In this method we include twelve different prediction parameters including two energy parameters calculated using an energy minimization proce ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
A Molecular Switch for Targeting between Endoplasmic Reticulum
... and encodes a protein that is targeted to the mitochondria. The second splice variant is found in isoforms 1b and 1d, initiates transcription at exon 2, and encodes a protein that is targeted to the ER. In addition to alternative splicing, initiation of translation from different codons provides an ...
... and encodes a protein that is targeted to the mitochondria. The second splice variant is found in isoforms 1b and 1d, initiates transcription at exon 2, and encodes a protein that is targeted to the ER. In addition to alternative splicing, initiation of translation from different codons provides an ...
Marginally hydrophobic transmembrane helices shaping membrane protein folding
... that the extracytoplasmic leaflet contains most of the phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids, while phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are enriched in the cytoplasmic leaflet (27) . How the asymmetry is established and maintained is not well understood. In addition ...
... that the extracytoplasmic leaflet contains most of the phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids, while phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are enriched in the cytoplasmic leaflet (27) . How the asymmetry is established and maintained is not well understood. In addition ...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Protein
... 2-DE and bioinformatics. When used within the framework of proper experimental designs, proteomic technologies can be very powerful at providing clues or answers to many crucial biological questions, including changes in protein expression, PTM, protein-protein interactions and protein activities. T ...
... 2-DE and bioinformatics. When used within the framework of proper experimental designs, proteomic technologies can be very powerful at providing clues or answers to many crucial biological questions, including changes in protein expression, PTM, protein-protein interactions and protein activities. T ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.