Uptake of extracellular DNA: Competence induced pili in natural
... complex DNA uptake systems. In Gram-positive bacteria, the DNA uptake machinery shares fundamental similarities with type IV pili and type II secretion systems. Although dedicated pilus structures, such as type IV pili in Gramnegative bacteria, are necessary for efficient DNA uptake, the role of sim ...
... complex DNA uptake systems. In Gram-positive bacteria, the DNA uptake machinery shares fundamental similarities with type IV pili and type II secretion systems. Although dedicated pilus structures, such as type IV pili in Gramnegative bacteria, are necessary for efficient DNA uptake, the role of sim ...
Ch48(2) - ISpatula
... 2. Calcium ions rush into neuronʹs cytoplasm. 3. An action potential depolarizes the membrane of the axon terminal. 4. The ligand-gated ion channels open. 5. The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Which sequence of events is correct? A) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 B) 2 → 3 → 5 ...
... 2. Calcium ions rush into neuronʹs cytoplasm. 3. An action potential depolarizes the membrane of the axon terminal. 4. The ligand-gated ion channels open. 5. The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Which sequence of events is correct? A) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 B) 2 → 3 → 5 ...
Strategies of actin reorganisation in plant cells
... date. The actin-binding domain of mouse talin (Tn) (Kost et al., 1998) allowed the observation of fine actin organisation in all plant tissues and led to a better understanding of F-actin organisation during plant development and morphogenesis (Mathur et al., 1999; Fu et al., 2001; Ilgenfritz et al. ...
... date. The actin-binding domain of mouse talin (Tn) (Kost et al., 1998) allowed the observation of fine actin organisation in all plant tissues and led to a better understanding of F-actin organisation during plant development and morphogenesis (Mathur et al., 1999; Fu et al., 2001; Ilgenfritz et al. ...
Structure–function relationships of the variable - IMGT
... Due to their exquisite specificity for a given epitope on the target antigen, recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rmAb) can deliver “targeted therapy” in oncology. This review focuses on the structural bases of “antigen specificity” to aid clinical researchers and pharmacologists in managing these ne ...
... Due to their exquisite specificity for a given epitope on the target antigen, recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rmAb) can deliver “targeted therapy” in oncology. This review focuses on the structural bases of “antigen specificity” to aid clinical researchers and pharmacologists in managing these ne ...
Auxin Metabolism and Function in the Multicellular Brown Alga
... negative control of progression in the developmental program. Furthermore, we identified an auxin-inducible gene called EsGRP1 from a small-scale microarray experiment and showed that its expression in a series of morphogenetic mutants was positively correlated with both their elongated-to-round cel ...
... negative control of progression in the developmental program. Furthermore, we identified an auxin-inducible gene called EsGRP1 from a small-scale microarray experiment and showed that its expression in a series of morphogenetic mutants was positively correlated with both their elongated-to-round cel ...
Cell-Free Phospholipid Biosynthesis by Gene
... and implementation of complex genetic and metabolic pathways that can support essential cellular functions. Here, we show that phospholipid biosynthesis, a multiple-step process involved in cell membrane homeostasis, can be reconstituted starting from the genes encoding for all necessary proteins. A ...
... and implementation of complex genetic and metabolic pathways that can support essential cellular functions. Here, we show that phospholipid biosynthesis, a multiple-step process involved in cell membrane homeostasis, can be reconstituted starting from the genes encoding for all necessary proteins. A ...
resbone - EFN.org
... protein) could change the affinity of collagen or other proteins for calcium. Normally, ATP is considered to be the most important substance governing such changes of protein conformation or binding properties, but ordinarily, ATP and CO2 are closely associated, because both are produced in respirat ...
... protein) could change the affinity of collagen or other proteins for calcium. Normally, ATP is considered to be the most important substance governing such changes of protein conformation or binding properties, but ordinarily, ATP and CO2 are closely associated, because both are produced in respirat ...
Periplasmic folding factors in Gram-negative bacteria
... approximately 600 Da (2). This barrier function protects bacteria from harmful substances in their environment, such as antibiotics and detergents. Defects in the biogenesis of the outer membrane are known to increase the sensitivity of bacteria for such harmful substances (3). The outer membrane is ...
... approximately 600 Da (2). This barrier function protects bacteria from harmful substances in their environment, such as antibiotics and detergents. Defects in the biogenesis of the outer membrane are known to increase the sensitivity of bacteria for such harmful substances (3). The outer membrane is ...
Supplementary Figures 1 - 5, Methods
... (http://bioinf.cs.ucl.ac.uk/psipred/). Therefore, we modeled the main C-terminal helix ...
... (http://bioinf.cs.ucl.ac.uk/psipred/). Therefore, we modeled the main C-terminal helix ...
Cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell polarity and bacterial flagellin
... bacteria has also been questioned (Pizurki et al., 2000; Aldallal et al., 2002; Hybiske et al., 2003). Several reports have emphasized the important role of P. aeruginosa flagella during infection, including their role in motility, adherence and activation of host inflammation. Flagella appear to me ...
... bacteria has also been questioned (Pizurki et al., 2000; Aldallal et al., 2002; Hybiske et al., 2003). Several reports have emphasized the important role of P. aeruginosa flagella during infection, including their role in motility, adherence and activation of host inflammation. Flagella appear to me ...
Phosphorylation of Single Stranded RNA Virus Proteins and
... Such transduction of the signal through multiple effectors or cascades helps to amplify the signal and diversify the host response. One paradigm example of such information transfer mediated by phosphorylation of multiple target proteins sequentially is the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer ...
... Such transduction of the signal through multiple effectors or cascades helps to amplify the signal and diversify the host response. One paradigm example of such information transfer mediated by phosphorylation of multiple target proteins sequentially is the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer ...
Biophys-85_R1
... fluid are increased in patients with IPF and murine models of experimental lung fibrosis [5]. Extracellular ATP and purinergic signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis [40]. Previous studies have shown that ATP regulates cellular properties and differentiation of l ...
... fluid are increased in patients with IPF and murine models of experimental lung fibrosis [5]. Extracellular ATP and purinergic signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis [40]. Previous studies have shown that ATP regulates cellular properties and differentiation of l ...
The maize ID1 flowering time regulator is a zinc finger protein with
... As a prelude to the identi®cation of target genes regulated by ID1 we present here a detailed study of the target binding site speci®city and the DNA binding activity of ID1. Using in vitro analysis techniques we show that the ID domain recognizes and speci®cally interacts with a contiguous 11 bp se ...
... As a prelude to the identi®cation of target genes regulated by ID1 we present here a detailed study of the target binding site speci®city and the DNA binding activity of ID1. Using in vitro analysis techniques we show that the ID domain recognizes and speci®cally interacts with a contiguous 11 bp se ...
Inflammation and proliferation – a causal event of host response to
... serine and threonine signalling kinases that transduce a variety of extracellular stimuli through a cascade of protein phosphorylations leading to the activation of transcription factors. The MAPK signal transduction pathway plays a crucial role in many aspects of immune-mediated inflammatory respon ...
... serine and threonine signalling kinases that transduce a variety of extracellular stimuli through a cascade of protein phosphorylations leading to the activation of transcription factors. The MAPK signal transduction pathway plays a crucial role in many aspects of immune-mediated inflammatory respon ...
Cell cycle regulation by the bacterial nucleoid
... regulatory systems. In the first, the Min system prevents division close to the cell poles, by inhibiting Z-ring assembly [10]. This is accomplished by the FtsZ inhibitor MinC, which is recruited into a membrane-associated complex by the ParA-like ATPase MinD [11]. In E. coli MinCD oscillates from p ...
... regulatory systems. In the first, the Min system prevents division close to the cell poles, by inhibiting Z-ring assembly [10]. This is accomplished by the FtsZ inhibitor MinC, which is recruited into a membrane-associated complex by the ParA-like ATPase MinD [11]. In E. coli MinCD oscillates from p ...
Cytochromes P450 – importance of tissue specificity
... 14α-demetylase (CYP51) is one example of recycling between ER and cis-Golgi in somatic cells [14, 15] and transport through Golgi to the acrosome in male germ cells [15]. The exact reason for the static retention or recycling of cytochromes P450 is not fully understood. ER resident proteins must pos ...
... 14α-demetylase (CYP51) is one example of recycling between ER and cis-Golgi in somatic cells [14, 15] and transport through Golgi to the acrosome in male germ cells [15]. The exact reason for the static retention or recycling of cytochromes P450 is not fully understood. ER resident proteins must pos ...
Programmed cell death in C. elegans: the genetic framework
... Genetic mosaic analysis of ced-3 suggests that ced-3 acts within dying cells to cause programmed cell death (19). ced-3 encodes a protein with significant sequence similarity to a family of cysteine proteases named caspases (cysteine aspartate-specific protease), which cleave their substrates exclus ...
... Genetic mosaic analysis of ced-3 suggests that ced-3 acts within dying cells to cause programmed cell death (19). ced-3 encodes a protein with significant sequence similarity to a family of cysteine proteases named caspases (cysteine aspartate-specific protease), which cleave their substrates exclus ...
immunohistological study of mannan polysaccharides in poplar stem
... japonica before and after delignification. These suggested that lignins might not be the main components associated with the decreased intensities of mannan epitopes, and other components such as pectin or glucuronoxylan might play a role in this. The secondary cell walls in phloem fibers were also ...
... japonica before and after delignification. These suggested that lignins might not be the main components associated with the decreased intensities of mannan epitopes, and other components such as pectin or glucuronoxylan might play a role in this. The secondary cell walls in phloem fibers were also ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Imaging PtdIns4P dynamics 357 pathogen interactions and apoptosis (Gozani et al., 2003; Pendaries et al., 2006). PtdIns3P accounts for approximately 10% of a plant’s 32P-labelled PtdInsP pool (Meijer et al., 2001; Munnik et al., 1994a,b). In yeast and mammalian cells, PtdIns3P is an important regul ...
... Imaging PtdIns4P dynamics 357 pathogen interactions and apoptosis (Gozani et al., 2003; Pendaries et al., 2006). PtdIns3P accounts for approximately 10% of a plant’s 32P-labelled PtdInsP pool (Meijer et al., 2001; Munnik et al., 1994a,b). In yeast and mammalian cells, PtdIns3P is an important regul ...
Guidance of mesoderm cell migration in the Xenopus
... animal pole region (Nakatsuji and Johnson, 1983b). In Xenopus, migration in vitro is also directional, although only when aggregates of mesodermal cells are used to probe conditioned substratum, instead of single cells (Fig. 1A). Moreover, in the Xenopus embryo, anterior mesoderm cells extend locomo ...
... animal pole region (Nakatsuji and Johnson, 1983b). In Xenopus, migration in vitro is also directional, although only when aggregates of mesodermal cells are used to probe conditioned substratum, instead of single cells (Fig. 1A). Moreover, in the Xenopus embryo, anterior mesoderm cells extend locomo ...
Discovery of genes with highly restricted expression
... identified a set of 94 transcripts enriched (two fold or greater) in the body wall and 56 transcripts enriched in the wing/hinge region. Transcripts that are known to have highly restricted expression patterns, such as pannier, twist and Bar-H1 (body wall) and knot, nubbin and Distal-less (wing/hing ...
... identified a set of 94 transcripts enriched (two fold or greater) in the body wall and 56 transcripts enriched in the wing/hinge region. Transcripts that are known to have highly restricted expression patterns, such as pannier, twist and Bar-H1 (body wall) and knot, nubbin and Distal-less (wing/hing ...
PLANT PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES
... residues (107). Phosphohistidine phosphorylation has also been reported in plants (50), fungi (86), and animals (25), but its relative contribution to the total phosphoamino acid content of eukaryotic cells is not known. In animals, protein phosphorylation plays well-known roles in diverse cellular ...
... residues (107). Phosphohistidine phosphorylation has also been reported in plants (50), fungi (86), and animals (25), but its relative contribution to the total phosphoamino acid content of eukaryotic cells is not known. In animals, protein phosphorylation plays well-known roles in diverse cellular ...
Stem Cell - Active Motif
... are derived from a population of cells in the blastocyst of a pre-implantation embryo called the inner cell mass that can differentiate into any cell type derivative of the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm). Adult stem cells can be found throughout the post-embryonic and adult orga ...
... are derived from a population of cells in the blastocyst of a pre-implantation embryo called the inner cell mass that can differentiate into any cell type derivative of the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm). Adult stem cells can be found throughout the post-embryonic and adult orga ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.