Non-equilibration of hydrostatic pressure in blebbing cells Guillaume T. Charras
... Guillaume T. Charras1, Justin C. Yarrow1, Mike A. Horton2, L. Mahadevan1,3,4 & T. J. Mitchison1 Current models for protrusive motility in animal cells focus on cytoskeleton-based mechanisms, where localized protrusion is driven by local regulation of actin biochemistry1–3. In plants and fungi, protr ...
... Guillaume T. Charras1, Justin C. Yarrow1, Mike A. Horton2, L. Mahadevan1,3,4 & T. J. Mitchison1 Current models for protrusive motility in animal cells focus on cytoskeleton-based mechanisms, where localized protrusion is driven by local regulation of actin biochemistry1–3. In plants and fungi, protr ...
Identification ofPseudomonas syringaetype III effectors that can
... HopPtoE into plant cells. To accomplish this, we constructed a pHIR11 derivative, pLN18, which lacks hopPsyA and shcA, a gene that encodes a chaperone for HopPsyA (van Dijk et al., 2002). P. ¯uorescens(pLN18) does not elicit an HR on tobacco because it lacks HopPsyA (Figure 2a), while maintaining th ...
... HopPtoE into plant cells. To accomplish this, we constructed a pHIR11 derivative, pLN18, which lacks hopPsyA and shcA, a gene that encodes a chaperone for HopPsyA (van Dijk et al., 2002). P. ¯uorescens(pLN18) does not elicit an HR on tobacco because it lacks HopPsyA (Figure 2a), while maintaining th ...
growth of the plant cell wall - Personal.psu.edu
... CESA proteins are embedded in the plasma membrane in hexameric arrays called particle rosettes6 (FIG. 3a). The smallest subunits that are visible by electron microscopy are thought to consist of six CESA proteins that are encoded by three genes (FIG. 3b,c). The assembly of CESA subunits into hexamer ...
... CESA proteins are embedded in the plasma membrane in hexameric arrays called particle rosettes6 (FIG. 3a). The smallest subunits that are visible by electron microscopy are thought to consist of six CESA proteins that are encoded by three genes (FIG. 3b,c). The assembly of CESA subunits into hexamer ...
biomolecules Feb 16 17.notebook
... Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Peptide bonds are polar covalent bonds, allowing hydrogen bonding between amino acids. This influences the three dimensional shape of proteins. ...
... Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Peptide bonds are polar covalent bonds, allowing hydrogen bonding between amino acids. This influences the three dimensional shape of proteins. ...
Lipid Characterization of an Enriched Plasma Membrane
... considered characteristic of ER in many plant species (15). This enzyme activity was present in the plasma membrane fraction, indicating that there may have been some ER contamination of the plasma membrane preparation. However, the majority of the activity remained in the supernatants of both the u ...
... considered characteristic of ER in many plant species (15). This enzyme activity was present in the plasma membrane fraction, indicating that there may have been some ER contamination of the plasma membrane preparation. However, the majority of the activity remained in the supernatants of both the u ...
Pseudolaric Acid B Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Au
... MTT test. L929 cells (1.0×104 cells/well) were seeded into 96-well culture plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark). After 24 h incubation, different concentration of PAB was added to the plates. Following incubation, cell growth was measured at different time points by addition of 20 µL 3-(4,5-dimethylthia ...
... MTT test. L929 cells (1.0×104 cells/well) were seeded into 96-well culture plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark). After 24 h incubation, different concentration of PAB was added to the plates. Following incubation, cell growth was measured at different time points by addition of 20 µL 3-(4,5-dimethylthia ...
Biomarkery a mechanismy toxicity
... long half-life which allow location where in the biological system change occur and to quantify the change. Applications in medicine: Hippocrates – urine colour ~ health status Toxicology – present status: - identification of markers of long-term risks : humans – carcinogenesis : ecotoxicology – ear ...
... long half-life which allow location where in the biological system change occur and to quantify the change. Applications in medicine: Hippocrates – urine colour ~ health status Toxicology – present status: - identification of markers of long-term risks : humans – carcinogenesis : ecotoxicology – ear ...
Merlin and Expanded interact - Development
... Although transmembrane partners for Merlin have not been identified yet, the hyaluronin receptor CD44, the adhesion molecule ICAM-2, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the B-adrenergic receptor have been shown to bind ERM proteins directly or indirectly (Tsukita et al., 1994 ...
... Although transmembrane partners for Merlin have not been identified yet, the hyaluronin receptor CD44, the adhesion molecule ICAM-2, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the B-adrenergic receptor have been shown to bind ERM proteins directly or indirectly (Tsukita et al., 1994 ...
Intercellular adhesion and cell separation in plants
... action of a number of water-soluble macromolecules including a pectic fraction and a small lipid transfer protein (Park et al. 2000; Mollet et al. 2000) ...
... action of a number of water-soluble macromolecules including a pectic fraction and a small lipid transfer protein (Park et al. 2000; Mollet et al. 2000) ...
University of Groningen The Plasma Membrane of
... sphingolipids, which have head groups and acyl chains with comparable cross-sectional areas, are cylindrical and organize easily in bilayers. Lipids which have smaller head groups than acyl chains, such as PE, CL, and sterols, are cone shaped and form inverted micelles in solution. High concentratio ...
... sphingolipids, which have head groups and acyl chains with comparable cross-sectional areas, are cylindrical and organize easily in bilayers. Lipids which have smaller head groups than acyl chains, such as PE, CL, and sterols, are cone shaped and form inverted micelles in solution. High concentratio ...
UNC-55, an Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor, Orchestrates
... to avoid contaminants that interfere with restriction enzyme digestion. Large numbers of C. elegans for obtaining RNA were generated by growing strains in liquid culture. In addition, DNA from a wild-type revertant ( jd9R) obtained from unc-55 ( jd9) was examined. Gene mapping. The unc-55 locus was ...
... to avoid contaminants that interfere with restriction enzyme digestion. Large numbers of C. elegans for obtaining RNA were generated by growing strains in liquid culture. In addition, DNA from a wild-type revertant ( jd9R) obtained from unc-55 ( jd9) was examined. Gene mapping. The unc-55 locus was ...
Cardiolipin-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics and
... diverse biochemical pathways for energy production, metabolism, and signaling (Jacoby et al., 2012). To maintain optimal biochemical activities, mitochondria remodel their morphology and function in response to developmental and environmental cues and use continual fission and fusion as an efficient q ...
... diverse biochemical pathways for energy production, metabolism, and signaling (Jacoby et al., 2012). To maintain optimal biochemical activities, mitochondria remodel their morphology and function in response to developmental and environmental cues and use continual fission and fusion as an efficient q ...
Plasma membrane microdomains from hybrid aspen cells are
... been extensively studied during the last decade. More recently, DRMs that exhibit similar biochemical properties as animal DRMs have been isolated from several plants including tobacco [12,13], Arabidopsis [14] and Medicago truncatula [15]. But despite this progress, plant DRMs are still poorly char ...
... been extensively studied during the last decade. More recently, DRMs that exhibit similar biochemical properties as animal DRMs have been isolated from several plants including tobacco [12,13], Arabidopsis [14] and Medicago truncatula [15]. But despite this progress, plant DRMs are still poorly char ...
Expression of the Nucleus-Encoded Chloroplast Division Genes and
... division-related genes and proteins that are encoded in some of these algal chloroplast genomes were analyzed. The results show that most but not all the nucleus-encoded chloroplast division genes and proteins, regardless of origin, are expressed during the S phase and that the expression of the chl ...
... division-related genes and proteins that are encoded in some of these algal chloroplast genomes were analyzed. The results show that most but not all the nucleus-encoded chloroplast division genes and proteins, regardless of origin, are expressed during the S phase and that the expression of the chl ...
Segmental specification of GABAergic inhibition during
... Recordings from single rhombomeres have revealed the segmental requirement for LF- and HFCPG’s. Consistent with the idea that rhombomeres are autonomous developmental units (1) comprising progenitors of the LF-CPG determined early, at the time of rhombomere formation, typical LF was obtained in all ...
... Recordings from single rhombomeres have revealed the segmental requirement for LF- and HFCPG’s. Consistent with the idea that rhombomeres are autonomous developmental units (1) comprising progenitors of the LF-CPG determined early, at the time of rhombomere formation, typical LF was obtained in all ...
Foci of Trinucleotide Repeat Transcripts in Nuclei
... 3' UTR of the mRNA, 500 bp upstream of the poly(A) signal, and it is expressed in many tissues (Brook et al., 1992). The mRNA containing the CTG repeat encodes a protein that has homology with the protein kinase gene family. The mechanism by which the expansion of the trinucleotide repeat results in ...
... 3' UTR of the mRNA, 500 bp upstream of the poly(A) signal, and it is expressed in many tissues (Brook et al., 1992). The mRNA containing the CTG repeat encodes a protein that has homology with the protein kinase gene family. The mechanism by which the expansion of the trinucleotide repeat results in ...
4 - Merck Millipore
... Tetracyclines: block binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site on the ribosome elongation, and termination Chloramphenicol: blocks bacterial translation by binding the 70S ribosome; blocks mitochondrial of the peptide chain) protein synthesis in higher organisms because mitochondria also have 70S ribo ...
... Tetracyclines: block binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site on the ribosome elongation, and termination Chloramphenicol: blocks bacterial translation by binding the 70S ribosome; blocks mitochondrial of the peptide chain) protein synthesis in higher organisms because mitochondria also have 70S ribo ...
Polarity Control of Spindle Positioning in the C. elegans Embryo
... Off-center positioning of the spindle causes the division to be asymmetric in size as well. The final panel illustrates an extrinsic asymmetric division. The two daughter cells do not inherit different fate determinants during mitosis, but receive different extrinsic signals that promote their disti ...
... Off-center positioning of the spindle causes the division to be asymmetric in size as well. The final panel illustrates an extrinsic asymmetric division. The two daughter cells do not inherit different fate determinants during mitosis, but receive different extrinsic signals that promote their disti ...
DRP1 family in cytokinesis and cell expansion
... the flower buds mature and undergo anthesis, individual papillae expand anisotropically (Figure 2B). Mature wild-type papillae have a flask-shaped appearance and are receptive to pollen grains. By contrast, the papillae of adl1A-2 flowers failed to elongate (Figure 2C) and frequently displayed abnor ...
... the flower buds mature and undergo anthesis, individual papillae expand anisotropically (Figure 2B). Mature wild-type papillae have a flask-shaped appearance and are receptive to pollen grains. By contrast, the papillae of adl1A-2 flowers failed to elongate (Figure 2C) and frequently displayed abnor ...
Sorting between the ER and Golgi
... cargo exit from the ER, it only represents one class of cargo, which is not a naturally occurring mammalian protein. When one considers soluble cargo molecules like enzymes or growth factors, it immediately becomes apparent that they cannot directly engage COPII coat complexes on the ER membrane in ...
... cargo exit from the ER, it only represents one class of cargo, which is not a naturally occurring mammalian protein. When one considers soluble cargo molecules like enzymes or growth factors, it immediately becomes apparent that they cannot directly engage COPII coat complexes on the ER membrane in ...
Cooperation between upstream and downstream
... carried out in the presence of wt extracts were exposed for 0.5 h (upper series of lanes) and 1.5 h (middle), those run in parallel, but in me presence of dl extracts, were exposed for 1.5 h (bottom). The longer exposure time (wt and dl, 1.5 h expo) was chosen to visualize the overall extent of late ...
... carried out in the presence of wt extracts were exposed for 0.5 h (upper series of lanes) and 1.5 h (middle), those run in parallel, but in me presence of dl extracts, were exposed for 1.5 h (bottom). The longer exposure time (wt and dl, 1.5 h expo) was chosen to visualize the overall extent of late ...
Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes
... Na/Ca exchanger mechanism is essential in myocardial intracellular Ca regulation Na/Ca exchange is the main means by which Ca (entering the cell via L-type Ca channels) is extruded from the cell, during both relaxation & diastole. By comparison the sarcolemmal Ca-pump (SLCP) seems relatively unimpor ...
... Na/Ca exchanger mechanism is essential in myocardial intracellular Ca regulation Na/Ca exchange is the main means by which Ca (entering the cell via L-type Ca channels) is extruded from the cell, during both relaxation & diastole. By comparison the sarcolemmal Ca-pump (SLCP) seems relatively unimpor ...
The many ways to age for a single yeast cell
... been described, among which ageing has drawn most attention in the course of the last decade. Mostly, ageing is defined as the progressive loss of function in all constituents of living cells, leading to a decrease in both survival rate and reproductive capability. Several theories have been develope ...
... been described, among which ageing has drawn most attention in the course of the last decade. Mostly, ageing is defined as the progressive loss of function in all constituents of living cells, leading to a decrease in both survival rate and reproductive capability. Several theories have been develope ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.