Activity of ribosomes and tmRNA of Streptomyces aureofaciens
... by sRNA is particularly advantageous during stress responses, when the energy cost must be managed with coordinated expression of multiple genes. Energy expenses for sRNA synthesis are several times lower than for synthesis of regulatory proteins. This type of regulation may represent ancestral form ...
... by sRNA is particularly advantageous during stress responses, when the energy cost must be managed with coordinated expression of multiple genes. Energy expenses for sRNA synthesis are several times lower than for synthesis of regulatory proteins. This type of regulation may represent ancestral form ...
Cytostatic factor: an activity that puts the cell cycle on hold
... of different F-box proteins associate with the SCF complex via the Skp1 subunit (which is itself an F-box protein) and act as specificity factors to mediate the ubiquitylation of target proteins (Vodermaier, 2004). Xenopus Erp1 (XErp1), also called FBXO43 or Emi2, was identified in a yeast two-hybri ...
... of different F-box proteins associate with the SCF complex via the Skp1 subunit (which is itself an F-box protein) and act as specificity factors to mediate the ubiquitylation of target proteins (Vodermaier, 2004). Xenopus Erp1 (XErp1), also called FBXO43 or Emi2, was identified in a yeast two-hybri ...
Supplemental Materials
... they have the mutated hemoglobin gene in their genetic heritage. But why? There is a disease called malaria that is caused by a parasite that infects red blood cells. Malaria is a major killer of people in tropical regions like Africa. When the red blood cells are sickled, they are destroyed along w ...
... they have the mutated hemoglobin gene in their genetic heritage. But why? There is a disease called malaria that is caused by a parasite that infects red blood cells. Malaria is a major killer of people in tropical regions like Africa. When the red blood cells are sickled, they are destroyed along w ...
Idh paper revised II - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... cleaves additional substrates in the cell death cascade. ...
... cleaves additional substrates in the cell death cascade. ...
Dynamical patterning modules in plant development and evolution
... other phytohormones, participates in the regulation of manifold developmental transitions and participates in defining regions that correspond to particular structures and cell types (Niklas and Kutschera, 2012). Another key feature of plant development is also closely related to the non-migrating n ...
... other phytohormones, participates in the regulation of manifold developmental transitions and participates in defining regions that correspond to particular structures and cell types (Niklas and Kutschera, 2012). Another key feature of plant development is also closely related to the non-migrating n ...
NMR IN DRUG DISCOVERY. FROM SCREENING TO STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN OF
... amplification and execution. For the rest of the cells -type II- however, an alternative set of proteins modulates caspase-8 signal: this is known as the mitochondrial pathway. In the latter the cytoplasmatic protein Bid is processed by caspase-8 spawning a fragment that relocates in the mitochondri ...
... amplification and execution. For the rest of the cells -type II- however, an alternative set of proteins modulates caspase-8 signal: this is known as the mitochondrial pathway. In the latter the cytoplasmatic protein Bid is processed by caspase-8 spawning a fragment that relocates in the mitochondri ...
Principles of redox control in photosynthesis gene
... appears to be a new, additional basis for light regulation in contrast to the ‘classical’ light-receptor-mediated gene expression control. The molecular mechanisms of primary redox-sensing steps are quite diverse and in some cases still not understood, but it has been shown that the redox state ...
... appears to be a new, additional basis for light regulation in contrast to the ‘classical’ light-receptor-mediated gene expression control. The molecular mechanisms of primary redox-sensing steps are quite diverse and in some cases still not understood, but it has been shown that the redox state ...
Mutations in Actin-Related Proteins 2 and 3 Affect Cell Shape
... the Arabidopsis ARP2 and ARP3 orthologs, respectively. Our cell biological data from various cell types in these mutants indicate that expansion growth in Arabidopsis requires ARP2/3 complex activity, and its loss results in inefficient fine F-actin formation while leading to enhanced F-actin aggreg ...
... the Arabidopsis ARP2 and ARP3 orthologs, respectively. Our cell biological data from various cell types in these mutants indicate that expansion growth in Arabidopsis requires ARP2/3 complex activity, and its loss results in inefficient fine F-actin formation while leading to enhanced F-actin aggreg ...
Programmed Cell Death in Neurons
... death. In contrast, neuronal survival seems to be critically dependent on a PI-3-kinase signaling pathway because inhibitors of PI-3-kinase, such as wortmannin or LY294002, inhibit the ability of NGF to prevent apoptosis in PC12 cells (46); LY294002 also inhibits the survival-promoting effects of K1 ...
... death. In contrast, neuronal survival seems to be critically dependent on a PI-3-kinase signaling pathway because inhibitors of PI-3-kinase, such as wortmannin or LY294002, inhibit the ability of NGF to prevent apoptosis in PC12 cells (46); LY294002 also inhibits the survival-promoting effects of K1 ...
Vmax Regulation through Domain and Subunit Changes. The Active
... volumes was used to improve the MAD phases. These modified phases resulted in a FOM of 0.58 to a resolution of 2.24 Å. Automated chain tracing was carried out in RESOLVE, providing an initial model for 78% of the overall structure (19). Only a few errors in the automatic tracing needed correction us ...
... volumes was used to improve the MAD phases. These modified phases resulted in a FOM of 0.58 to a resolution of 2.24 Å. Automated chain tracing was carried out in RESOLVE, providing an initial model for 78% of the overall structure (19). Only a few errors in the automatic tracing needed correction us ...
SUGAR SENSING AND SIGNALING IN PLANTS
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a facultative anaerobic organism but, even in the presence of oxygen, prefers the fermentation of sugars like glucose, fructose and sucrose to far more energy-efficient respiration. Rapid proliferation and reusable ethanol production during fermentation apparently offers a ...
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a facultative anaerobic organism but, even in the presence of oxygen, prefers the fermentation of sugars like glucose, fructose and sucrose to far more energy-efficient respiration. Rapid proliferation and reusable ethanol production during fermentation apparently offers a ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... found that several intracellular parameters can be deduced from extracellular spike waveforms. The width of the intracellular action potential is defined precisely by distinct points on the extracellular spike. Amplitude changes of the intracellular action potential are reflected by changes in the a ...
... found that several intracellular parameters can be deduced from extracellular spike waveforms. The width of the intracellular action potential is defined precisely by distinct points on the extracellular spike. Amplitude changes of the intracellular action potential are reflected by changes in the a ...
The Case Against a Darwinian Origin of Protein Folds
... it. Mass ratios differ widely from one enzyme to the next, but as a rule small-molecule metabolism employs enzymes that are very large in comparison to their substrates. Why are these enzymes so much larger than the things they manipulate? Although we are some way from a complete answer to this, sev ...
... it. Mass ratios differ widely from one enzyme to the next, but as a rule small-molecule metabolism employs enzymes that are very large in comparison to their substrates. Why are these enzymes so much larger than the things they manipulate? Although we are some way from a complete answer to this, sev ...
Biological Networks Underlying Abiotic Stress Tolerance in
... physical properties (changes in the fluidity of phospholipid molecules in plasma membrane bilayer under low or high temperatures) or chemical composition of the ambient environment (e.g., dehydration stress or salinity leading to a decrease of water potential or an increase in Na+ concentration in a ...
... physical properties (changes in the fluidity of phospholipid molecules in plasma membrane bilayer under low or high temperatures) or chemical composition of the ambient environment (e.g., dehydration stress or salinity leading to a decrease of water potential or an increase in Na+ concentration in a ...
Development
... expansion, which is in turn dependent upon cell division and expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation ...
... expansion, which is in turn dependent upon cell division and expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation ...
The physical basis of active mechanosensitivity by the hair
... Adaptation seems too fast to result solely from the ATPase activity of myosin molecules [38]. By relaxing stimulus-evoked changes in tip-link tension, ATP-driven myosin movements are expected to restore the channel’s open probability to near its resting value over timescales of a few tens of millise ...
... Adaptation seems too fast to result solely from the ATPase activity of myosin molecules [38]. By relaxing stimulus-evoked changes in tip-link tension, ATP-driven myosin movements are expected to restore the channel’s open probability to near its resting value over timescales of a few tens of millise ...
Biology 103 Lecture and Biology 103A Lab Objectives
... formation of some ATP origin and fate of: citric acid (C6) reason for calling this a cycle location Note: oxygen is not used in the citric acid cycle 9. Trace the transfer of hydrogen or hydrogen electrons (from NADH2) through the electron transport system in aerobic cellular respiration. Know this ...
... formation of some ATP origin and fate of: citric acid (C6) reason for calling this a cycle location Note: oxygen is not used in the citric acid cycle 9. Trace the transfer of hydrogen or hydrogen electrons (from NADH2) through the electron transport system in aerobic cellular respiration. Know this ...
Chemical genetics discloses the importance of heme
... In this thesis, a chemical genetics approach is used, I have found that heme and glucose metabolism of C. trachomatis is specifically important for the transition from the RB form to the infectious EB form. Heme and glucose metabolism are both coupled to energy metabolism, which suggests a common li ...
... In this thesis, a chemical genetics approach is used, I have found that heme and glucose metabolism of C. trachomatis is specifically important for the transition from the RB form to the infectious EB form. Heme and glucose metabolism are both coupled to energy metabolism, which suggests a common li ...
The RAGNYA fold: a novel fold with multiple topological variants
... topoisomerases, RNA phosphatases and nucleases (2–7). Detection of conserved folds and the characterization of common structural features shared by different representatives of a fold often illuminate several functional aspects of the proteins in which they are found (8–11). In particular, such studi ...
... topoisomerases, RNA phosphatases and nucleases (2–7). Detection of conserved folds and the characterization of common structural features shared by different representatives of a fold often illuminate several functional aspects of the proteins in which they are found (8–11). In particular, such studi ...
Rheb and mammalian target of rapamycin in mitochondrial
... thereby allowing eIF4E to initiate cap-dependent translation and to stimulate proliferation [20,22]. The Ras/MAPK pathway is triggered via translocation of the adapter protein Grb2 with SOS, a Ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that associates with Grb2, to the membrane. In the ca ...
... thereby allowing eIF4E to initiate cap-dependent translation and to stimulate proliferation [20,22]. The Ras/MAPK pathway is triggered via translocation of the adapter protein Grb2 with SOS, a Ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that associates with Grb2, to the membrane. In the ca ...
Review the mechanism of protein folding
... are responsible for expression of certain characters in different types of cells and constitute around 50% of the total cell dried mass. Proteins are the chain of amino acids which binds with polypeptide backbone and then fold in a unique 3D (native) structure by which protein expression takes place ...
... are responsible for expression of certain characters in different types of cells and constitute around 50% of the total cell dried mass. Proteins are the chain of amino acids which binds with polypeptide backbone and then fold in a unique 3D (native) structure by which protein expression takes place ...
PDF - Department of Molecular Biology
... agree with a prior study showing that mutations preventing the interaction of mouse Synaptojanin and Endophilin caused only modest endocytic defects (Mani et al., 2007). Collectively, these results support the notion that interactions between Endophilin and Synaptojanin do not play an essential role ...
... agree with a prior study showing that mutations preventing the interaction of mouse Synaptojanin and Endophilin caused only modest endocytic defects (Mani et al., 2007). Collectively, these results support the notion that interactions between Endophilin and Synaptojanin do not play an essential role ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.