Microbiology of the Rumen - Iowa State University: Animal Science
... Amylose molecules consist of single mostly-unbranched chains with 500-20,000 α-(1, 4)-D-glucose units with a few α-1, 6 branches. Amylose can form an extended shape. Hydrogen bonding occurs between aligned chains. The aligned chains may form double stranded crystallites that are resistant to amylase ...
... Amylose molecules consist of single mostly-unbranched chains with 500-20,000 α-(1, 4)-D-glucose units with a few α-1, 6 branches. Amylose can form an extended shape. Hydrogen bonding occurs between aligned chains. The aligned chains may form double stranded crystallites that are resistant to amylase ...
Dynamic Localization of Rop GTPases to the
... sections stained with the primary antibody and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibodies, we found that Rop is preferentially localized to tapetal cells, microsporogenic cells, and microspores in the anther (see below). To analyze the subcellular localization of Rop GTPases, squashed anthers ...
... sections stained with the primary antibody and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibodies, we found that Rop is preferentially localized to tapetal cells, microsporogenic cells, and microspores in the anther (see below). To analyze the subcellular localization of Rop GTPases, squashed anthers ...
Advances in Genetics - Department of Biology
... et al., 2002; Price et al., 2001; Waldmann et al., 1997b; Xie et al., 2003; Xiong et al., 2004); (3) sulfhydryl compounds (Cho and Askwith, 2007); (4) small polyamines such as agmatine (Yu et al., 2010); and (5) mechanical stimuli (Bazopoulou et al., 2007; Lu et al., 2009; O’Hagan et al., 2005; Pric ...
... et al., 2002; Price et al., 2001; Waldmann et al., 1997b; Xie et al., 2003; Xiong et al., 2004); (3) sulfhydryl compounds (Cho and Askwith, 2007); (4) small polyamines such as agmatine (Yu et al., 2010); and (5) mechanical stimuli (Bazopoulou et al., 2007; Lu et al., 2009; O’Hagan et al., 2005; Pric ...
Gene–gene interactions of HLA-B27 and ERAP1 in ankylosing
... influence misfolding or heavy chain dimerization of HLA-B27. This could lead to an altered surface expression of MHC class I molecules, such as HLA-B27, and this has been suggested as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of AS [6] . The most recent GWAS results show that, ERAP2, which is a memb ...
... influence misfolding or heavy chain dimerization of HLA-B27. This could lead to an altered surface expression of MHC class I molecules, such as HLA-B27, and this has been suggested as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of AS [6] . The most recent GWAS results show that, ERAP2, which is a memb ...
EVIDENCE FOR TWO DISTINCT CLASSES OF STREPTOCOCCAL
... of certain M types are often associated with ARF outbreaks, whereas other serotypes are rarely seen in association with this disease . The following M types have been associated with one or more major outbreaks of ARE: M1, M3, M5, M6, Mll, M12, M14, M17, M18, M19, M24, M27, M29, M30, M32, and M41 (9 ...
... of certain M types are often associated with ARF outbreaks, whereas other serotypes are rarely seen in association with this disease . The following M types have been associated with one or more major outbreaks of ARE: M1, M3, M5, M6, Mll, M12, M14, M17, M18, M19, M24, M27, M29, M30, M32, and M41 (9 ...
PDF
... Therefore, Emc functions to sequester bHLH proteins away from downstream target genes. Mutations within emc have documented growth defects in both the developing wing and eye (García-Alonso and García-Bellido, 1988; de Celis et al., 1995; Baonza and GarcíaBellido, 1999; Baonza et al., 2000; Bhattach ...
... Therefore, Emc functions to sequester bHLH proteins away from downstream target genes. Mutations within emc have documented growth defects in both the developing wing and eye (García-Alonso and García-Bellido, 1988; de Celis et al., 1995; Baonza and GarcíaBellido, 1999; Baonza et al., 2000; Bhattach ...
Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning: a cellular and
... Fig. 1. Biochemical and molecular basis of amygdala L-LTP and fear memory consolidation. (a) L-LTP involves the presynaptic release of glutamate and Ca2+ influx into the postsynaptic cell through either NMDA receptors or L-type VGCCs. the increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to the activation of pro ...
... Fig. 1. Biochemical and molecular basis of amygdala L-LTP and fear memory consolidation. (a) L-LTP involves the presynaptic release of glutamate and Ca2+ influx into the postsynaptic cell through either NMDA receptors or L-type VGCCs. the increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to the activation of pro ...
Signaling pathways in myocyte hypertrophy. Role of GATA4
... affected. Antisense PKCα treatment inhibited PE induced expression of α-SkA, while increased protein synthesis or β-MHC gene expression were not affected. Sretching of the perfused rat atria increased BNP, c-fos and BNP gene expression via mechanism involving p38 MAP kinase activation of transcripti ...
... affected. Antisense PKCα treatment inhibited PE induced expression of α-SkA, while increased protein synthesis or β-MHC gene expression were not affected. Sretching of the perfused rat atria increased BNP, c-fos and BNP gene expression via mechanism involving p38 MAP kinase activation of transcripti ...
hepatitis c virus entry: molecular mechanisms and - HAL
... similar membrane fusion mechanisms may operate in ...
... similar membrane fusion mechanisms may operate in ...
Inhibition of Target of Rapamycin Signaling and
... TORC1 directly phosphorylates and inhibits the ATG1 kinase and its regulatory protein ATG13 (Chang and Neufeld, 2009; Hosokawa et al., 2009; Jung et al., 2009). These regulatory proteins are conserved in plants, although except for ATG6 (Liu et al., 2005), there is no direct evidence for regulation ...
... TORC1 directly phosphorylates and inhibits the ATG1 kinase and its regulatory protein ATG13 (Chang and Neufeld, 2009; Hosokawa et al., 2009; Jung et al., 2009). These regulatory proteins are conserved in plants, although except for ATG6 (Liu et al., 2005), there is no direct evidence for regulation ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... pupils as well as the heart rate and blood pressure remained constant. The animals were killed after the experiments by a lethal dose of pentobarbital i.v. (30 mg/kg) followed by air injection. Electrocardiograph monitoring was discontinued only after cardiac arrest. The Animal Ethics Committee of G ...
... pupils as well as the heart rate and blood pressure remained constant. The animals were killed after the experiments by a lethal dose of pentobarbital i.v. (30 mg/kg) followed by air injection. Electrocardiograph monitoring was discontinued only after cardiac arrest. The Animal Ethics Committee of G ...
Berlin-Buch - Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine
... realizing them in clinical application. Along with genetic and cell biological characterizations of diseases, scientists in Berlin-Buch can analyze the structure of essential macromolecules and develop substances to interact with them. Based on this model, the MDC and Charité plan to establish a joi ...
... realizing them in clinical application. Along with genetic and cell biological characterizations of diseases, scientists in Berlin-Buch can analyze the structure of essential macromolecules and develop substances to interact with them. Based on this model, the MDC and Charité plan to establish a joi ...
Spotting the enemy within: Targeted silencing of foreign DNA in
... from local gene duplication events [6]. Through chromosomal translocations and other genomic rearrangements new tandem-ZFP genes can gradually disperse and act as seeds for new clusters [1, 6]. Interestingly, the chromatin landscape of KRAB-ZFP clusters is distinct from the rest of the genome. A rec ...
... from local gene duplication events [6]. Through chromosomal translocations and other genomic rearrangements new tandem-ZFP genes can gradually disperse and act as seeds for new clusters [1, 6]. Interestingly, the chromatin landscape of KRAB-ZFP clusters is distinct from the rest of the genome. A rec ...
Ribosomal proteins L5 and L15 Ivailo Simoff in vivo
... 16S/18S rRNA (E. coli/S.cerevisiae numbering) can contact two of 2’ hydroxyl groups in the mRNA codon (Yoshizawa et al. 1999). This interaction places the mRNA codon in correct orientation with respect to the anticodon on the cognate tRNA (Yoshizawa et al. 1999). When aminoacyl-tRNA is positioned in ...
... 16S/18S rRNA (E. coli/S.cerevisiae numbering) can contact two of 2’ hydroxyl groups in the mRNA codon (Yoshizawa et al. 1999). This interaction places the mRNA codon in correct orientation with respect to the anticodon on the cognate tRNA (Yoshizawa et al. 1999). When aminoacyl-tRNA is positioned in ...
Protein transfer of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Vir proteins to
... on the presence of a secretion channel, the type IV secretion system (T4SS), spanning the bacterial envelope. This pore or pilus structure is made up of eleven different VirB proteins and the coupling protein VirD4, which is thought to recruit effector proteins for translocation (Baron et al, 2002; ...
... on the presence of a secretion channel, the type IV secretion system (T4SS), spanning the bacterial envelope. This pore or pilus structure is made up of eleven different VirB proteins and the coupling protein VirD4, which is thought to recruit effector proteins for translocation (Baron et al, 2002; ...
NAIP5/NLRC4 Inflammasomes Compounds Inhibit the NLRP1
... and sodium arsenite, inhibited activation of the NLRP1, NLRP3, and NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasomes by their respective activating signals, anthrax lethal toxin, nigericin, and flagellin. These compounds prevented the autoproteolytic activation of caspase-1 and the processing and secretion of IL-1b from ma ...
... and sodium arsenite, inhibited activation of the NLRP1, NLRP3, and NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasomes by their respective activating signals, anthrax lethal toxin, nigericin, and flagellin. These compounds prevented the autoproteolytic activation of caspase-1 and the processing and secretion of IL-1b from ma ...
Direct and Long-Range Action of a DPP Morphogen
... caused an expansion of Labial expression (compare Figures 1I and 1J with 1G and 1H). Thus, joint overexpression of both wild-type or both TOR-chimeric receptors can suffice to cause a gain of DPP signal transducing activity, whereas overexpression of a constitutively active form of just the type I r ...
... caused an expansion of Labial expression (compare Figures 1I and 1J with 1G and 1H). Thus, joint overexpression of both wild-type or both TOR-chimeric receptors can suffice to cause a gain of DPP signal transducing activity, whereas overexpression of a constitutively active form of just the type I r ...
25_Metabolism of lipids digestion, absorption, resynthesis
... • deliver TGs from the intestine (via lymph and blood) to tissues (muscle for energy, adipose for storage). • bind to membrane-bound lipoprotein lipase (at adipose tissue and muscle), where the triacylglycerols are again degraded into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol for transport into the tiss ...
... • deliver TGs from the intestine (via lymph and blood) to tissues (muscle for energy, adipose for storage). • bind to membrane-bound lipoprotein lipase (at adipose tissue and muscle), where the triacylglycerols are again degraded into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol for transport into the tiss ...
THYMIC REQUIREMENT FOR CYCLICAL IDIOTYPIC AND
... T h e cyclical appearance of antibody-forming cells (AFC) 1 in the spleen and peripheral blood following a single antigenic stimulus is a well-documented phenomenon (1). Generally, within the 2-wk period after an antigen stimulus, two peaks of AFC are observed. T h e first peak occurs at ~ 4 - 6 d a ...
... T h e cyclical appearance of antibody-forming cells (AFC) 1 in the spleen and peripheral blood following a single antigenic stimulus is a well-documented phenomenon (1). Generally, within the 2-wk period after an antigen stimulus, two peaks of AFC are observed. T h e first peak occurs at ~ 4 - 6 d a ...
Protein Structure Analysis - G
... complex structure by the interaction of their amino acid side chains. The rules governing the differences between secondary and tertiary structure are not too clear. The Quaternary structure only occurs if more than one polypeptide chain is involved in the protein structure, as the quaternary struct ...
... complex structure by the interaction of their amino acid side chains. The rules governing the differences between secondary and tertiary structure are not too clear. The Quaternary structure only occurs if more than one polypeptide chain is involved in the protein structure, as the quaternary struct ...
NIH Public Access
... The decision for progenitors to differentiate is made at the G1 phase of the cell cycle where Dtype cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CKIs) play an important role in regulating cell cycle exit. The CKIs regulate cell cycle progression by blocking phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma ...
... The decision for progenitors to differentiate is made at the G1 phase of the cell cycle where Dtype cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CKIs) play an important role in regulating cell cycle exit. The CKIs regulate cell cycle progression by blocking phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma ...
Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in
... oligosaccharide precursor attached via pyrophosphate (all domains) or phosphate (archaea) to a lipid carrier (the socalled lipid-linked oligosaccharide or LLO). After assembly of the oligosaccharide, the LLO is flipped from the cytoplasm to face the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or the pe ...
... oligosaccharide precursor attached via pyrophosphate (all domains) or phosphate (archaea) to a lipid carrier (the socalled lipid-linked oligosaccharide or LLO). After assembly of the oligosaccharide, the LLO is flipped from the cytoplasm to face the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or the pe ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.