Agrin-related Molecules Are Concentrated at Acetylcholine Receptor
... Figure 1. The expression of agrin-related molecules precedes the appearance of AchR clusters in developing muscle and is localized at the earliest-forming AchR clusters. Frozen sections of stage 24 (a and b) and stage 25 (c and d) dorsal muscle masses double-labeled with anti-agrin monoclonal 5B1 fo ...
... Figure 1. The expression of agrin-related molecules precedes the appearance of AchR clusters in developing muscle and is localized at the earliest-forming AchR clusters. Frozen sections of stage 24 (a and b) and stage 25 (c and d) dorsal muscle masses double-labeled with anti-agrin monoclonal 5B1 fo ...
Specific amino acids in the BAR domain allow homodimerization
... family, Bin1, amphiphysin 1 and Rvs167. Most BAR domains consist of a three-helix bundle, which can dimerize and form a crescent-shaped structure. The positively charged concave surface of this dimeric structure senses and induces membrane curvature by binding to curved negatively charged membranes ...
... family, Bin1, amphiphysin 1 and Rvs167. Most BAR domains consist of a three-helix bundle, which can dimerize and form a crescent-shaped structure. The positively charged concave surface of this dimeric structure senses and induces membrane curvature by binding to curved negatively charged membranes ...
Analysis of Cell Divisions Patterns in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical
... into 2D space. Since the meristem is dome-shaped, when projecting the meristem from the top the cells in the center are viewed perpendicularly while the cells towards the edges are viewed at an angle. This non-perpendicular viewing angle distorts the lengths of the cell walls and the angles at which ...
... into 2D space. Since the meristem is dome-shaped, when projecting the meristem from the top the cells in the center are viewed perpendicularly while the cells towards the edges are viewed at an angle. This non-perpendicular viewing angle distorts the lengths of the cell walls and the angles at which ...
Asymmetric Neuroblast Divisions Producing Apoptotic Cells Require
... dynamics. We report here that GRP-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans cytohesin, controls the asymmetric divisions of certain neuroblasts that divide to produce a larger neuronal precursor or neuron and a smaller cell fated to die. In the Q neuroblast lineage, loss of GRP-1 led to the production of d ...
... dynamics. We report here that GRP-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans cytohesin, controls the asymmetric divisions of certain neuroblasts that divide to produce a larger neuronal precursor or neuron and a smaller cell fated to die. In the Q neuroblast lineage, loss of GRP-1 led to the production of d ...
Ethanol Neurotoxicity in the Developing Cerebellum
... homodimer while RXRs also interact with RARs and other nuclear receptors such as the vitamin D receptor. After binding to retinoic acid, these retinoic acid receptors interact with retinoic acid response elements present in the promoter regions of their target genes, and in turn control the gene exp ...
... homodimer while RXRs also interact with RARs and other nuclear receptors such as the vitamin D receptor. After binding to retinoic acid, these retinoic acid receptors interact with retinoic acid response elements present in the promoter regions of their target genes, and in turn control the gene exp ...
Sus1, a Functional Component of the SAGA Pore-Associated mRNA Export Machinery
... Introduction In eukaryotic cells, certain steps of gene expression are restricted to the nucleus while other steps take place in the cytoplasm. As a consequence of this compartmentalization, an enormous amount of RNA and protein traffic moves between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Studies over the past ...
... Introduction In eukaryotic cells, certain steps of gene expression are restricted to the nucleus while other steps take place in the cytoplasm. As a consequence of this compartmentalization, an enormous amount of RNA and protein traffic moves between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Studies over the past ...
4
... latent infection, bacteria are maintained within granulomas that are mainly present in the lungs. A fine balance between bacterial growth and antibacterial mechanisms of the host exists in these organized immune structures. Granulomas consist of a core of macrophages, some of which are harboring bac ...
... latent infection, bacteria are maintained within granulomas that are mainly present in the lungs. A fine balance between bacterial growth and antibacterial mechanisms of the host exists in these organized immune structures. Granulomas consist of a core of macrophages, some of which are harboring bac ...
Controls T Cell Differentiation RAGE Ligation Affects T Cell
... It has also been suggested that RAGE ligation may affect adaptive immune responses, but the role of this pattern recognition receptor on T cells has not been well studied, and some investigations have failed to show a role of RAGE in adaptive responses (11). These studies and previous studies indica ...
... It has also been suggested that RAGE ligation may affect adaptive immune responses, but the role of this pattern recognition receptor on T cells has not been well studied, and some investigations have failed to show a role of RAGE in adaptive responses (11). These studies and previous studies indica ...
cGAS produces a 2′-5′-linked cyclic dinucleotide second
... that this molecule constitutes a cyclic adenosine monophosphateguanosine monophosphate (cGAMP) with a symmetric 12-membered ring formed by 39-59 linked nucleotide residues (.Gp(39-59)Ap(39-59)., cGAMP(39-59)). On the other hand, it was shown that STING-dependent DNA sensing can be differentiated fro ...
... that this molecule constitutes a cyclic adenosine monophosphateguanosine monophosphate (cGAMP) with a symmetric 12-membered ring formed by 39-59 linked nucleotide residues (.Gp(39-59)Ap(39-59)., cGAMP(39-59)). On the other hand, it was shown that STING-dependent DNA sensing can be differentiated fro ...
Defensin-like antifungal proteins secreted by filamentous fungi
... The transcription of afp is under control of different transcription factors. It is hypothesised that a calcineurin signalling pathway, the phosphate starvation, and an asexual developmental regulation mechanism play a central role in transcription of afp. Five putative Crz1p (stress response elemen ...
... The transcription of afp is under control of different transcription factors. It is hypothesised that a calcineurin signalling pathway, the phosphate starvation, and an asexual developmental regulation mechanism play a central role in transcription of afp. Five putative Crz1p (stress response elemen ...
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Trk Receptor Activation in Epilepsy
... tyrosine kinases (RTKs) homologous to other RTKs such as the EGF receptor and insulin receptor family [4, 94]. Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases is known to involve ligandinduced receptor dimerization and dimerization-induced trans-autophosphorylation [39, 82]. Receptor autophosphorylation on m ...
... tyrosine kinases (RTKs) homologous to other RTKs such as the EGF receptor and insulin receptor family [4, 94]. Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases is known to involve ligandinduced receptor dimerization and dimerization-induced trans-autophosphorylation [39, 82]. Receptor autophosphorylation on m ...
BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION Geoffrey C. Draper
... replication and repair are well known, our understanding of the mechanisms of chromosomal DNA partitioning is largely incomplete. While the relatively small size of the bacterial cell has hampered efforts to visualize specific structures within the cell that might constitute a mitotic apparatus, the ...
... replication and repair are well known, our understanding of the mechanisms of chromosomal DNA partitioning is largely incomplete. While the relatively small size of the bacterial cell has hampered efforts to visualize specific structures within the cell that might constitute a mitotic apparatus, the ...
Molecular Regulation of Vascular Cambium Identity and Activity
... In plants, secondary development and wood formation originates from the cell divisions within the vascular meristem, where the vascular stem cells are located. This thesis work presents my results on the molecular regulation of vascular cambium stem cell identity and activity. I have investigated th ...
... In plants, secondary development and wood formation originates from the cell divisions within the vascular meristem, where the vascular stem cells are located. This thesis work presents my results on the molecular regulation of vascular cambium stem cell identity and activity. I have investigated th ...
Molecular Weight Estimation - Bio-Rad
... the blotted membrane (blot). After the remaining binding sites are blocked with a detergent or protein reagent, the blot is probed with the primary antibody and then washed. The antibody-antigen complexes are subsequently identified by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP) couple ...
... the blotted membrane (blot). After the remaining binding sites are blocked with a detergent or protein reagent, the blot is probed with the primary antibody and then washed. The antibody-antigen complexes are subsequently identified by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP) couple ...
The Importance of Cell Motility
... to actin there is no activation of ATP hydrolysis and no movement. This model also makes sense from the standpoint that relaxed muscle has little resistance to stretch as would be expected if the contractile proteins were uncoupled. We have found that the story is somewhat more complex than this alt ...
... to actin there is no activation of ATP hydrolysis and no movement. This model also makes sense from the standpoint that relaxed muscle has little resistance to stretch as would be expected if the contractile proteins were uncoupled. We have found that the story is somewhat more complex than this alt ...
PDF
... lineages there are other proteins that provide a similar function in the absence of numb. This redundancy may not be present in the unique MP2 lineage, perhaps due to its unusual division pattern. One gene that shows potential to fulfill this role is prospero (pros). Similar to numb, pros protein is ...
... lineages there are other proteins that provide a similar function in the absence of numb. This redundancy may not be present in the unique MP2 lineage, perhaps due to its unusual division pattern. One gene that shows potential to fulfill this role is prospero (pros). Similar to numb, pros protein is ...
A Histone H3.3-like Gene Specifically Expressed in the Vegetative
... Drastic changes in gene expression patterns occur during pollen development in flowering plants (Mascarenhas 1990, Becker et al. 2003, Honys and Twell 2003, McCormick 2004). In particular, recent microarray analyses in Arabidopsis have revealed unique characteristics of the pollen transcriptome (Bec ...
... Drastic changes in gene expression patterns occur during pollen development in flowering plants (Mascarenhas 1990, Becker et al. 2003, Honys and Twell 2003, McCormick 2004). In particular, recent microarray analyses in Arabidopsis have revealed unique characteristics of the pollen transcriptome (Bec ...
PDF
... if FITC-Con A fluorescence was restricted to 7 5 % or less of the cell surface (see Reeve & Ziomek, 1980). Numbers in parentheses represent additional cells in which there was a clear heterogeneous distribution of surface stain but it was not organized into a coherent pole. % Polarized includes all ...
... if FITC-Con A fluorescence was restricted to 7 5 % or less of the cell surface (see Reeve & Ziomek, 1980). Numbers in parentheses represent additional cells in which there was a clear heterogeneous distribution of surface stain but it was not organized into a coherent pole. % Polarized includes all ...
RUNX/AML and C/EBP factors regulate CD11a
... CD11a/CD18 (leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 [LFA-1], ␣L/2) is a member of the 2 integrin subfamily that mediates leukocyte interactions required for immune and inflammatory responses through the recognition of its counterreceptors CD50, CD54, and CD102.1,2 The functional relevance of CD11a ...
... CD11a/CD18 (leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 [LFA-1], ␣L/2) is a member of the 2 integrin subfamily that mediates leukocyte interactions required for immune and inflammatory responses through the recognition of its counterreceptors CD50, CD54, and CD102.1,2 The functional relevance of CD11a ...
Localization of Glycine Neurotransmitter Transporter (GLYT2
... To see some of the rostral staining the sections were developed longer, even if the staining in the spinal cord reached a saturated level . Therefore, GLYT2 appeared to be more abundant in midbrain and diencephalon from the immunostaining results in comparison with western blot (Fig. 1) . The specif ...
... To see some of the rostral staining the sections were developed longer, even if the staining in the spinal cord reached a saturated level . Therefore, GLYT2 appeared to be more abundant in midbrain and diencephalon from the immunostaining results in comparison with western blot (Fig. 1) . The specif ...
A Point Mutation in the Ethylene-Inducing Xylanase Elicitor Inhibits
... signal peptide (determined by homology to other xylanases) responsible for the secretion of the EIX protein from the cells into the growth medium. Additionally, the deduced amino acid sequence of Tvx and XynII from T. reesei are 80% identical, while there is only 50% identity with the XynI protein ( ...
... signal peptide (determined by homology to other xylanases) responsible for the secretion of the EIX protein from the cells into the growth medium. Additionally, the deduced amino acid sequence of Tvx and XynII from T. reesei are 80% identical, while there is only 50% identity with the XynI protein ( ...
Stat3 and MMP7 Contribute to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
... It has been shown that pancreatitis is a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) development because pancreatitis has been shown to promote the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDA in Kras-driven mouse models of PDA. However, the molecular mechanisms inv ...
... It has been shown that pancreatitis is a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) development because pancreatitis has been shown to promote the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDA in Kras-driven mouse models of PDA. However, the molecular mechanisms inv ...
Address for Correspondence : VASaks
... responsible for the intracellular localization of organelles in many types of the cells, but their connection to mitochondria and role in regulation of mitochondrial function in muscle cells is still unknown. Microtubules are dynamic structures which depend on many factors, such as temperature and i ...
... responsible for the intracellular localization of organelles in many types of the cells, but their connection to mitochondria and role in regulation of mitochondrial function in muscle cells is still unknown. Microtubules are dynamic structures which depend on many factors, such as temperature and i ...
Platelet Dense Granule Membranes Contain Both
... et allRby centrifugation of a whole platelet homogenate through 40% metrizamide at 1lO.ooqS for 30 minutes. The sedimented pellet was markedly enriched in dense granules. The material above the metrizamide layer contained the remaining platelet membranes and was enriched in a-granules. It was used a ...
... et allRby centrifugation of a whole platelet homogenate through 40% metrizamide at 1lO.ooqS for 30 minutes. The sedimented pellet was markedly enriched in dense granules. The material above the metrizamide layer contained the remaining platelet membranes and was enriched in a-granules. It was used a ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.