Protein expression by a Beijing strain differs from that of another
... was mainly growth phase dependent, although some differences between the strains were observed. However, due to the low resolving power of 1D gel electrophoresis, the identity of the differentially expressed proteins could not be ascertained. Here, we have extended our previous study through the use ...
... was mainly growth phase dependent, although some differences between the strains were observed. However, due to the low resolving power of 1D gel electrophoresis, the identity of the differentially expressed proteins could not be ascertained. Here, we have extended our previous study through the use ...
Title: Hormones of the Pancreas
... 4. Insulin receptor: membrane receptors consist of 2α and 2β units, receptor spans the membrane, α subunit binds insulin , β subunit has tyrosine kinase activity on the cytosolic side, hormone - receptor complex is internalized by endocytosis, number of receptors is regulated, when occupied by insul ...
... 4. Insulin receptor: membrane receptors consist of 2α and 2β units, receptor spans the membrane, α subunit binds insulin , β subunit has tyrosine kinase activity on the cytosolic side, hormone - receptor complex is internalized by endocytosis, number of receptors is regulated, when occupied by insul ...
BMP inhibitors and neural patterning
... activity. Finally, ectopic expression of an activated form of Smo, a gene encoding the signaling transducing subunit of the Shh receptor (Stone et al., 1996; Quirk et al., 1997), has been reported to induce ventral cell types in a cell-autonomous manner (Hynes et al., 2000), supporting the idea (Eri ...
... activity. Finally, ectopic expression of an activated form of Smo, a gene encoding the signaling transducing subunit of the Shh receptor (Stone et al., 1996; Quirk et al., 1997), has been reported to induce ventral cell types in a cell-autonomous manner (Hynes et al., 2000), supporting the idea (Eri ...
Improving penicillin biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum
... B2B554) were used to search the genomic sequence of P. chrysogenum (van den Berg et al., 2008) for the corresponding homologs via the BlastP algorithm (Altschul and Lipman, 1990). For each protein, one homolog, Pc12g09820 (PcGLO1) and Pc21g08590 (PcGLO2) was identified (Fig. 1). The sequences of PcGL ...
... B2B554) were used to search the genomic sequence of P. chrysogenum (van den Berg et al., 2008) for the corresponding homologs via the BlastP algorithm (Altschul and Lipman, 1990). For each protein, one homolog, Pc12g09820 (PcGLO1) and Pc21g08590 (PcGLO2) was identified (Fig. 1). The sequences of PcGL ...
Biopathways Representation and Simulation on Hybrid Functional
... organisms. Kyoda et al. [23] have modeled the Drosophila Smad signal transduction pathway and succeeded in reconstructing the spacio-temporal patterning of gene products, proteins and their complexes. These systems may be useful if focused on kinetics. But some ad hoc features are required to enhanc ...
... organisms. Kyoda et al. [23] have modeled the Drosophila Smad signal transduction pathway and succeeded in reconstructing the spacio-temporal patterning of gene products, proteins and their complexes. These systems may be useful if focused on kinetics. But some ad hoc features are required to enhanc ...
bZIP transcription factor interactions regulate DIF
... expression and repressor of prespore gene expression. In order to explain how DimA could have such diverse activities, two hypotheses have been put forward (1) DimA is a permissive factor required to set up cellular competence to respond to DIF-1 (Kimmel and Firtel, 2004; Strmecki et al., 2005). In ...
... expression and repressor of prespore gene expression. In order to explain how DimA could have such diverse activities, two hypotheses have been put forward (1) DimA is a permissive factor required to set up cellular competence to respond to DIF-1 (Kimmel and Firtel, 2004; Strmecki et al., 2005). In ...
Prokaryotic orthologues of mitochondrial alternative oxidase and plastid terminal oxidase
... carotenoid biosynthesis and may represent the elusive oxidase in chlororespiration. Recently, prokaryotic orthologues of both AOX and PTOX proteins have appeared in sequence databases. These include PTOX orthologues present in four different cyanobacteria as well as an AOX orthologue in an α-proteob ...
... carotenoid biosynthesis and may represent the elusive oxidase in chlororespiration. Recently, prokaryotic orthologues of both AOX and PTOX proteins have appeared in sequence databases. These include PTOX orthologues present in four different cyanobacteria as well as an AOX orthologue in an α-proteob ...
The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... less than 5% and (ii) the coefficient of variation of RT (standard deviation divided by the mean) was at most 0.15. No TMS was delivered during the training session; however, EMG was recorded in order to estimate the voluntary EMG onset latency of the individual distributions (see Burle et al., 2002) ...
... less than 5% and (ii) the coefficient of variation of RT (standard deviation divided by the mean) was at most 0.15. No TMS was delivered during the training session; however, EMG was recorded in order to estimate the voluntary EMG onset latency of the individual distributions (see Burle et al., 2002) ...
Title: Hormones of the Pancreas
... 4. Insulin receptor: membrane receptors consist of 2α and 2β units, receptor spans the membrane, α subunit binds insulin , β subunit has tyrosine kinase activity on the cytosolic side, hormone - receptor complex is internalized by endocytosis, number of receptors is regulated, when occupied by insul ...
... 4. Insulin receptor: membrane receptors consist of 2α and 2β units, receptor spans the membrane, α subunit binds insulin , β subunit has tyrosine kinase activity on the cytosolic side, hormone - receptor complex is internalized by endocytosis, number of receptors is regulated, when occupied by insul ...
Slam and germ cell migration - Development
... mutants are not complete null alleles and/or that maternal contribution of slam partially rescues the germ cell migration phenotype. To address the second hypothesis, we generated germline clones homozygous mutant for slamwaldo using the flp-FRT-ovoD system. Removal of maternal and zygotic slam (M–Z ...
... mutants are not complete null alleles and/or that maternal contribution of slam partially rescues the germ cell migration phenotype. To address the second hypothesis, we generated germline clones homozygous mutant for slamwaldo using the flp-FRT-ovoD system. Removal of maternal and zygotic slam (M–Z ...
Progesterone-stimulated intracellular calcium increase in human
... Indirect studies suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) has a role in sperm motility and the acrosome reaction. Physiological inducers of the sperm acrosome reaction include progesterone, which can increase intracellular calcium ([Ca21]i), tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and chloride efflux in h ...
... Indirect studies suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) has a role in sperm motility and the acrosome reaction. Physiological inducers of the sperm acrosome reaction include progesterone, which can increase intracellular calcium ([Ca21]i), tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and chloride efflux in h ...
Monomeric alpha-catenin links cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton
... The linkage of adherens junctions to the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell adhesion. The contribution of the cadherin–catenin complex to the interaction between actin and the adherens junction remains an intensely investigated subject that centres on the function of α-catenin, which binds to ...
... The linkage of adherens junctions to the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell adhesion. The contribution of the cadherin–catenin complex to the interaction between actin and the adherens junction remains an intensely investigated subject that centres on the function of α-catenin, which binds to ...
N-Glycans
... N-glycan Sites • N-glycans occurs only on the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequon • About two thirds of protein contain the Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus sequence. ...
... N-glycan Sites • N-glycans occurs only on the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequon • About two thirds of protein contain the Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus sequence. ...
Original Article Female Rat Hippocampal Cell
... opiate treatment can significantly modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, leading to an opiate dependence of the plasticity, and it has been suggested that up-regulation of the cAMP pathway is likely one of the ...
... opiate treatment can significantly modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, leading to an opiate dependence of the plasticity, and it has been suggested that up-regulation of the cAMP pathway is likely one of the ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It often plays a regulatory role, used in synapses with nearby neurons to provide control through inhibition. There are several well-studied types of GABA receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and ...
... Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It often plays a regulatory role, used in synapses with nearby neurons to provide control through inhibition. There are several well-studied types of GABA receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and ...
A Phosphorylation State-specific Antibody Recognizes Hsp27, a
... Approximately one-third of all proteins in eukaryotic cells are phosphorylated on either serine, threonine, or tyrosine, a reaction that is catalyzed by members of the protein kinase superfamily (1). Over 500 protein kinases comprise the human Kinome, and they fall into seven distinct families (2). ...
... Approximately one-third of all proteins in eukaryotic cells are phosphorylated on either serine, threonine, or tyrosine, a reaction that is catalyzed by members of the protein kinase superfamily (1). Over 500 protein kinases comprise the human Kinome, and they fall into seven distinct families (2). ...
An Isotype-specific Activator of Major Histocompatibility Complex
... he human MHC class II genes encode highly polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins, which are responsible for presenting protein antigens to CD41 T cells and thus initiating immune responses (1). In the human, the genes for three isotypes (HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP) of MHC class II antigens are located in ...
... he human MHC class II genes encode highly polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins, which are responsible for presenting protein antigens to CD41 T cells and thus initiating immune responses (1). In the human, the genes for three isotypes (HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP) of MHC class II antigens are located in ...
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... in inhibiting excitation at developing GABAergic synapses? In this paper we test the hypothesis that inhibitory actions of glutamate in developing hypothalamic neurons reduce the excitatory activity of GABA. We used the hypothalamus because of the relatively large proportion of GABAergic cells and p ...
... in inhibiting excitation at developing GABAergic synapses? In this paper we test the hypothesis that inhibitory actions of glutamate in developing hypothalamic neurons reduce the excitatory activity of GABA. We used the hypothalamus because of the relatively large proportion of GABAergic cells and p ...
Distribution of lens sodium-potassium-adenosine
... demonstrable, perhaps because of technical difficulties; the jS subunit band faded as the immobilon membrane dried. The key feature of this study is that we observed regions of the lens that have considerable amounts of Na-K-ATPase polypeptides but exhibit very low or negligible ouabain-sensitive AT ...
... demonstrable, perhaps because of technical difficulties; the jS subunit band faded as the immobilon membrane dried. The key feature of this study is that we observed regions of the lens that have considerable amounts of Na-K-ATPase polypeptides but exhibit very low or negligible ouabain-sensitive AT ...
Grape Berry Vacuole - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
... information between plant cells and their environment. The vacuole is surrounded by the tonoplast, a biological membrane that separates the vacuolar lumen from the cytosol. Phospholipids, sterols, and ceramide monohexoside(s) are the ...
... information between plant cells and their environment. The vacuole is surrounded by the tonoplast, a biological membrane that separates the vacuolar lumen from the cytosol. Phospholipids, sterols, and ceramide monohexoside(s) are the ...
Suppressor analysis of the protein kinase Elm1p, an enzyme
... Filamentous Growth in S. cerevisiae Knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms that dictate cell shape and polarity is a critical aspect of imderstanding how cells respond appropriately to their environment. The budding yeast S. cerevisiae has proven to be a very useful genetically tractable eukaryotic ...
... Filamentous Growth in S. cerevisiae Knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms that dictate cell shape and polarity is a critical aspect of imderstanding how cells respond appropriately to their environment. The budding yeast S. cerevisiae has proven to be a very useful genetically tractable eukaryotic ...
Only a subset of the binary cell fate decisions
... division of each IIa cell to produce two socket cells (Rhyu et al., 1994). The transformation of IIb to IIa has therefore precluded the examination of the role of numb in the asymmetric division of the IIb cell in numb null mutants. Besides the cell-intrinsic mechanism mediated by numb, a cell-extri ...
... division of each IIa cell to produce two socket cells (Rhyu et al., 1994). The transformation of IIb to IIa has therefore precluded the examination of the role of numb in the asymmetric division of the IIb cell in numb null mutants. Besides the cell-intrinsic mechanism mediated by numb, a cell-extri ...
Homeotic regulation of segment-specific
... daughter cells each, whereas those in abdominal neuromeres A3–A7 give rise to only five to 15 cells (Truman and Bate, 1988; Prokop and Technau, 1994b). In summary, there are three major factors regulating the segment-specific proliferation of NBs: (1) the period and frequency of embryonic NB prolife ...
... daughter cells each, whereas those in abdominal neuromeres A3–A7 give rise to only five to 15 cells (Truman and Bate, 1988; Prokop and Technau, 1994b). In summary, there are three major factors regulating the segment-specific proliferation of NBs: (1) the period and frequency of embryonic NB prolife ...
Tracing the Archaeal Origins of Eukaryotic Membrane
... to proteins derived from endosymbiotic organelles (i.e., mitochondria and plastids), there are few unambiguous prokaryotic orthologues for components of the eukaryotic trafficking machinery. The best examples are the archaeal homologues of the ESCRT-III and III-associated subcomplexes, which in euka ...
... to proteins derived from endosymbiotic organelles (i.e., mitochondria and plastids), there are few unambiguous prokaryotic orthologues for components of the eukaryotic trafficking machinery. The best examples are the archaeal homologues of the ESCRT-III and III-associated subcomplexes, which in euka ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.