Lipid rafts
... uptake, thereby providing a supply of cholesterol to neurons. Excess cholesterol is hydroxylated by CYP46A1 to 24-OHC, which diffuses into the circulation. In astrocytes, 24-OHC binds to LXRs, which upregulate ApoE and ABCA1 expression. Cholesterol synthesis is also linked to the mevalonate pathway ...
... uptake, thereby providing a supply of cholesterol to neurons. Excess cholesterol is hydroxylated by CYP46A1 to 24-OHC, which diffuses into the circulation. In astrocytes, 24-OHC binds to LXRs, which upregulate ApoE and ABCA1 expression. Cholesterol synthesis is also linked to the mevalonate pathway ...
Effect of n-butanol and cold pretreatment on the cytoskeleton and
... decreases the production of a signaling phospholipid, phosphatidic acid (PA), catalysed by phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4, PLD) (Liscovitch et al. 2000). Phosphatidic acid antagonist effect of nbutanol is not selective to PLD isoforms, as it diverts the transphosphatidylation reaction step, typical of ...
... decreases the production of a signaling phospholipid, phosphatidic acid (PA), catalysed by phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4, PLD) (Liscovitch et al. 2000). Phosphatidic acid antagonist effect of nbutanol is not selective to PLD isoforms, as it diverts the transphosphatidylation reaction step, typical of ...
Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci
... Members of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are commensals and opportunistic pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellul ...
... Members of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are commensals and opportunistic pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellul ...
Recombinant thrombin receptor and related pharmaceuticals
... far, Whether proteolytic cleavage by thrombin is involved in ...
... far, Whether proteolytic cleavage by thrombin is involved in ...
Genetic analysis of seed coat development in Arabidopsis
... biology and it might not be long before the entire differentiation pathway is understood. Such an advance would contribute substantially to our understanding of many important cellular events, including secondary cell wall synthesis, cell morphogenesis, vacuolar targeting and cell death, and would p ...
... biology and it might not be long before the entire differentiation pathway is understood. Such an advance would contribute substantially to our understanding of many important cellular events, including secondary cell wall synthesis, cell morphogenesis, vacuolar targeting and cell death, and would p ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... et al. 2005). Male flies have more trichoid sensilla than females (Stocker 1994, Shanbhag et al. 1999). From these studies some general conclusions about the properties of OSNs can also be drawn: most OSNs respond to multiple ligands, and most ligands activate multiple OSNs; OSNs can be broadly tune ...
... et al. 2005). Male flies have more trichoid sensilla than females (Stocker 1994, Shanbhag et al. 1999). From these studies some general conclusions about the properties of OSNs can also be drawn: most OSNs respond to multiple ligands, and most ligands activate multiple OSNs; OSNs can be broadly tune ...
cellular respiration webquest
... 2. What living things carry on the process of cellular respiration? (search through google or bing) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Write the chemical equation for cellular re ...
... 2. What living things carry on the process of cellular respiration? (search through google or bing) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Write the chemical equation for cellular re ...
Strong and weak hydrogen bonds in the protein
... positional data with the precision required to properly evaluate hydrogen bond geometry. Therefore a method must be found to add or modify all the H-atom positions. H-atoms were added to the protein, water and ligand using the program MOE.24 The H-atom positions were then refined (energy minimizatio ...
... positional data with the precision required to properly evaluate hydrogen bond geometry. Therefore a method must be found to add or modify all the H-atom positions. H-atoms were added to the protein, water and ligand using the program MOE.24 The H-atom positions were then refined (energy minimizatio ...
Probability-Based Scoring Function as a Software
... users but also to assist in a precise and time-saving protein identification process by accurate scoring plus ranking function, pI-filtering and PMF-batch processing. Therefore, an in silico database and an in-house software tool were constructed for S. platensis protein identification by using PMFs ...
... users but also to assist in a precise and time-saving protein identification process by accurate scoring plus ranking function, pI-filtering and PMF-batch processing. Therefore, an in silico database and an in-house software tool were constructed for S. platensis protein identification by using PMFs ...
Vesicle trafficking dynamics and visualization of zones of exocytosis
... different regions were measured, and, for each image, 3–20 vesicles in each region were measured (depending on the vesicle density). A total of 140 vesicles was measured for each region in the image sequences for each pollen tube, then the data were pooled to give a total of 700 vesicles in each of ...
... different regions were measured, and, for each image, 3–20 vesicles in each region were measured (depending on the vesicle density). A total of 140 vesicles was measured for each region in the image sequences for each pollen tube, then the data were pooled to give a total of 700 vesicles in each of ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 Contributes to N-Methyl-D-aspartate
... (COX; for a review, see Smith et al., 1991). There are two known COX isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which are 90% similar in amino acid sequence and 60% homologous (Smith and DeWitt 1995). Although the isoforms catalyze the same reaction, the genes encoding the different isoforms differ in their regulat ...
... (COX; for a review, see Smith et al., 1991). There are two known COX isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which are 90% similar in amino acid sequence and 60% homologous (Smith and DeWitt 1995). Although the isoforms catalyze the same reaction, the genes encoding the different isoforms differ in their regulat ...
Towards the Physics of Calcium Signalling in Plants
... Tel.: +44-1603-450-825; Fax: +44-1603-450-045. Received: 19 July 2013; in revised form: 17 September 2013 / Accepted: 22 September 2013 / Published: 27 September 2013 ...
... Tel.: +44-1603-450-825; Fax: +44-1603-450-045. Received: 19 July 2013; in revised form: 17 September 2013 / Accepted: 22 September 2013 / Published: 27 September 2013 ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
video slide
... has protein kinase activity. The photoreceptor domains interact with the kinase domains to link light reception to cellular responses triggered by the kinase. ...
... has protein kinase activity. The photoreceptor domains interact with the kinase domains to link light reception to cellular responses triggered by the kinase. ...
Dual Location of the Mitochondrial Preprotein
... both Tim23-2 and B14.7, in vitro protein uptake assays of radiolabeled proteins were performed and analyzed by BN-PAGE. The uptake of radiolabeled Tim23-2 into the Tim17:23 complexes was observed as expected, but uptake of Tim23-2 into the monomeric complex I was also distinctly observed, in a manne ...
... both Tim23-2 and B14.7, in vitro protein uptake assays of radiolabeled proteins were performed and analyzed by BN-PAGE. The uptake of radiolabeled Tim23-2 into the Tim17:23 complexes was observed as expected, but uptake of Tim23-2 into the monomeric complex I was also distinctly observed, in a manne ...
Testis-specific TAF homologs collaborate to control a
... raising the possibility that cell-type- or stage-specific forms of what was previously thought of as the general transcription machinery may play an important role in selective activation of certain PolII promoters (Verrijzer, 2001). To date, however, only a few tissue-specific TAFIIs have been inve ...
... raising the possibility that cell-type- or stage-specific forms of what was previously thought of as the general transcription machinery may play an important role in selective activation of certain PolII promoters (Verrijzer, 2001). To date, however, only a few tissue-specific TAFIIs have been inve ...
Single Cell Analysis of RNA-mediated Histone H3.3 Transcription Site
... Histone H3.3 Is Recruited through an RNA-mediated Mechanism resembles the RI variant (3). However, the essential function of RI H3 chromatin assembly is still not well understood. Initially, H3.3 was thought to regulate transcriptionally active chromatin because the first reports were of its incorp ...
... Histone H3.3 Is Recruited through an RNA-mediated Mechanism resembles the RI variant (3). However, the essential function of RI H3 chromatin assembly is still not well understood. Initially, H3.3 was thought to regulate transcriptionally active chromatin because the first reports were of its incorp ...
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid
... a-helices (Fig. 4). A largely hydrophobic 30 Å depth cleft was observed at the protein surface whose entrance carries several positively charged residues as well as a ‘structural P loop’ motif that is characteristic of phosphate recognition enzymes. A flexible domain located in the vicinity of the ...
... a-helices (Fig. 4). A largely hydrophobic 30 Å depth cleft was observed at the protein surface whose entrance carries several positively charged residues as well as a ‘structural P loop’ motif that is characteristic of phosphate recognition enzymes. A flexible domain located in the vicinity of the ...
Chap016, Chapter 16: Autonomic Nervous System
... For questions 60 to 68 match each of the following phrases to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. A) ...
... For questions 60 to 68 match each of the following phrases to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. A) ...
Histamine reduces firing and bursting of anterior and intralaminar
... The predominating effect of histamine on thalamic neurons consisted in a suppression of the firing rate, accompanied by a reduction of bursts that were possibly induced by low-threshold Ca++ spikes. The inhibition of firing could be caused by a direct postsynaptic hyperpolarization or by a reduction ...
... The predominating effect of histamine on thalamic neurons consisted in a suppression of the firing rate, accompanied by a reduction of bursts that were possibly induced by low-threshold Ca++ spikes. The inhibition of firing could be caused by a direct postsynaptic hyperpolarization or by a reduction ...
Isolation, engineering, and characterization of intracellular
... expansion in the number of polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeats in the gene that encodes the huntingtin (htt) protein. A property of the mutant protein that is intimately involved in the development of the disease is the propensity of an N-terminal proteolytic htt fragment containing the glutamine-exp ...
... expansion in the number of polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeats in the gene that encodes the huntingtin (htt) protein. A property of the mutant protein that is intimately involved in the development of the disease is the propensity of an N-terminal proteolytic htt fragment containing the glutamine-exp ...
Fatty acid
... The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers • A condensation reaction or more specifically a dehydration reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule • Enzymes are macromolecules that speed up the dehydration process • Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hyd ...
... The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers • A condensation reaction or more specifically a dehydration reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule • Enzymes are macromolecules that speed up the dehydration process • Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hyd ...
Distinct cathepsins control necrotic cell death
... that contributes to multiple biologic processes. For example, necrotic cell death has been linked to microbial pathogenesis, ischemic stroke, and induction of adaptive immune responses.20,27,30,33,46,52 While most attention has focused on apoptotic cell death, recent evidence suggests that necrotic, ...
... that contributes to multiple biologic processes. For example, necrotic cell death has been linked to microbial pathogenesis, ischemic stroke, and induction of adaptive immune responses.20,27,30,33,46,52 While most attention has focused on apoptotic cell death, recent evidence suggests that necrotic, ...
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes
... D-galacturonic acid units. Pectic polysaccharides are divided into three groups: homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and substituted galacturonans (SG) [29, 30]. HG is a partly methyl esterified linear polysaccharide with a backbone of 1,4-linked α-D-galactopyranosyluronic acid (GalpA ...
... D-galacturonic acid units. Pectic polysaccharides are divided into three groups: homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and substituted galacturonans (SG) [29, 30]. HG is a partly methyl esterified linear polysaccharide with a backbone of 1,4-linked α-D-galactopyranosyluronic acid (GalpA ...
Distinct Lytic Vacuolar Compartments are Embedded
... in root tips g-TIP and a-TIP labeling may co-localize in certain regions of the vacuolar compartment on the tonoplast in cells that develop large central vacuoles (Paris et al. 1996, Jiang et al. 2001). Also, cells may contain two large central vacuoles exhibiting differential functions such as accu ...
... in root tips g-TIP and a-TIP labeling may co-localize in certain regions of the vacuolar compartment on the tonoplast in cells that develop large central vacuoles (Paris et al. 1996, Jiang et al. 2001). Also, cells may contain two large central vacuoles exhibiting differential functions such as accu ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.