Viral and cellular subnuclear structures in human cytomegalovirus
... (Kobiler et al., 2012) (Fig. 1a). HCMV capsid and tegument proteins (potentially HCMV UL48 and UL77, homologues of HSV UL36 and UL25, respectively) probably interact with proteins on the cytoplasmic face of the NPC (potentially including Nup214, Nup358 and hCG1) (Table 1). This leads to opening of t ...
... (Kobiler et al., 2012) (Fig. 1a). HCMV capsid and tegument proteins (potentially HCMV UL48 and UL77, homologues of HSV UL36 and UL25, respectively) probably interact with proteins on the cytoplasmic face of the NPC (potentially including Nup214, Nup358 and hCG1) (Table 1). This leads to opening of t ...
Mechanisms of water-holding capacity of meat: The role
... that the postmortem metabolism in the muscle is accelerated, causing a more rapid pH decline than is seen in non-stressed animals. While the condition may not be as severe as that caused by the Halothane gene, protein denaturation does occur, and drip losses can be greater than in muscle that has a ...
... that the postmortem metabolism in the muscle is accelerated, causing a more rapid pH decline than is seen in non-stressed animals. While the condition may not be as severe as that caused by the Halothane gene, protein denaturation does occur, and drip losses can be greater than in muscle that has a ...
Adenosine signaling mediates hypoxic responses in the chronic
... combinations to treat and ultimately cure the disease is a high priority. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are part of an evolutionarily conserved and highly sophisticated extracellular network that controls scavenging of precious components, at the same time modulating cellular responses t ...
... combinations to treat and ultimately cure the disease is a high priority. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are part of an evolutionarily conserved and highly sophisticated extracellular network that controls scavenging of precious components, at the same time modulating cellular responses t ...
Starvation Induces Vacuolar Targeting and Degradation of the
... els of GAP1 transcription and GAP1 sorting and degradation (Stanbrough and Magasanik, 1995; Roberg et al., 1997b; Springael and Andre, 1998). The second class of amino acid permeases consists of mainly high affinity transporters that are specific for single amino acids or a small set of structurally ...
... els of GAP1 transcription and GAP1 sorting and degradation (Stanbrough and Magasanik, 1995; Roberg et al., 1997b; Springael and Andre, 1998). The second class of amino acid permeases consists of mainly high affinity transporters that are specific for single amino acids or a small set of structurally ...
E-cadherin controls β-catenin and NF
... Because β-catenin was required for the expression of the mesenchymal genes, we checked whether the transcriptional activity of this protein was affected by ectopic E-cadherin. As shown in Fig. 3A, the activity of the β-catenin–TCF4-dependent promoter (TOP) was potently downregulated by expression of ...
... Because β-catenin was required for the expression of the mesenchymal genes, we checked whether the transcriptional activity of this protein was affected by ectopic E-cadherin. As shown in Fig. 3A, the activity of the β-catenin–TCF4-dependent promoter (TOP) was potently downregulated by expression of ...
ch 9 cellular respiration - OG
... True or False: Only plants can perform photosynthesis 20 pts Photosynthesis II ...
... True or False: Only plants can perform photosynthesis 20 pts Photosynthesis II ...
Incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins Takahiro
... The genetic code consists of 61 codons for assigning 20 naturally occurring amino acids and 3 codons as stop signals. To fit non-natural amino acids into the existing genetic code system, it is essential to generate new codons that are specific to them. The use of an amber stop codon (Figure 1a) is ...
... The genetic code consists of 61 codons for assigning 20 naturally occurring amino acids and 3 codons as stop signals. To fit non-natural amino acids into the existing genetic code system, it is essential to generate new codons that are specific to them. The use of an amber stop codon (Figure 1a) is ...
INTRODUCCIÓN
... Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs) are small fatty acid molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids released from the cell membrane phospholipids, mainly araquidonic acid. Prostaglandins play a significant role in the progress of the immune resp ...
... Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs) are small fatty acid molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids released from the cell membrane phospholipids, mainly araquidonic acid. Prostaglandins play a significant role in the progress of the immune resp ...
Ammodytoxins, Potent Presynaptic Neurotoxins
... impair the cycling of synaptic vesicles by phospholipid hydrolysis (8) and by binding to specific protein targets such as calmodulin (9, 10) and 14-3-3 proteins (11) in the cytosol and R25 (12, 13) in mitochondria. Electron microscopy studies of neuromuscular junctions treated with different presyna ...
... impair the cycling of synaptic vesicles by phospholipid hydrolysis (8) and by binding to specific protein targets such as calmodulin (9, 10) and 14-3-3 proteins (11) in the cytosol and R25 (12, 13) in mitochondria. Electron microscopy studies of neuromuscular junctions treated with different presyna ...
Early Event of Sexual Induction in Volvox: Chemical Modification of
... ride-rich material of the I compartment is released into the medium. A new individual is formed from each reproductive cell in a series of cleavages. In the developing asexual embryo, differentiation into somatic and reproductive cells is seen at the division from 32 to 64 cells. At this stage, 16 o ...
... ride-rich material of the I compartment is released into the medium. A new individual is formed from each reproductive cell in a series of cleavages. In the developing asexual embryo, differentiation into somatic and reproductive cells is seen at the division from 32 to 64 cells. At this stage, 16 o ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... sensory neurons. The wealth of physiological and biochemical data generated from the lobster olfactory organ has made it an attractive system to investigate underlying molecular events. Candidate gene approaches and small-scale expression profiling efforts have identified components of olfactory tra ...
... sensory neurons. The wealth of physiological and biochemical data generated from the lobster olfactory organ has made it an attractive system to investigate underlying molecular events. Candidate gene approaches and small-scale expression profiling efforts have identified components of olfactory tra ...
Molecular Basis for Induction of Ocular Dominance
... it has not been fully characterized, there is some evidence that the mGluR-dependent form of LTD is also expressed in visual cortex (Haruta et al., 1994; Hensch and Stryker, 1996). It may be significant that glutamate-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis peaks in visual cortex at the height of the ...
... it has not been fully characterized, there is some evidence that the mGluR-dependent form of LTD is also expressed in visual cortex (Haruta et al., 1994; Hensch and Stryker, 1996). It may be significant that glutamate-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis peaks in visual cortex at the height of the ...
Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Plant Cell Growth
... monomer incorporation at the barbed end beyond the limits of free diffusion (80). Unlike the putative plant Arp2/3 complex, plant formins have been studied to some extent in vitro. Four plant formins (AtFH1, AtFH4, AtFH5, and AtFH8) have been shown to nucleate purified actin, and allow extension from ...
... monomer incorporation at the barbed end beyond the limits of free diffusion (80). Unlike the putative plant Arp2/3 complex, plant formins have been studied to some extent in vitro. Four plant formins (AtFH1, AtFH4, AtFH5, and AtFH8) have been shown to nucleate purified actin, and allow extension from ...
Systematic identification of cell size regulators in
... previously assigned the whi (small size) phenotype had average size below median (P < 10 5) and one (ygr064w) did not grow well (Fig 1D and E). Overall, correlations between results of different screens were significant, but relatively low, stressing the difficulty of measuring cell size in high-thr ...
... previously assigned the whi (small size) phenotype had average size below median (P < 10 5) and one (ygr064w) did not grow well (Fig 1D and E). Overall, correlations between results of different screens were significant, but relatively low, stressing the difficulty of measuring cell size in high-thr ...
Actin Cytoskeleton in Plants: From Transport Networks to Signaling
... The plant actin cytoskeleton is characterized by a high diversity in regard to gene families, isoforms, and degree of polymerization. In addition to the most abundant F-actin assemblies like filaments and their bundles, G-actin obviously assembles in the form of actin oligomers composed of a few act ...
... The plant actin cytoskeleton is characterized by a high diversity in regard to gene families, isoforms, and degree of polymerization. In addition to the most abundant F-actin assemblies like filaments and their bundles, G-actin obviously assembles in the form of actin oligomers composed of a few act ...
Prefibrillar Amyloid Aggregates Could Be Generic Toxins in Higher
... Until recently, the ability to form amyloid structures was considered to be an unusual property of the polypeptide chains found in the deposits associated with the various amyloid diseases. However, an increasing number of proteins and peptides, even those with as few as four residues and amino acid ...
... Until recently, the ability to form amyloid structures was considered to be an unusual property of the polypeptide chains found in the deposits associated with the various amyloid diseases. However, an increasing number of proteins and peptides, even those with as few as four residues and amino acid ...
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit
... We focus on tomato in this review because it represents the predominant model for studying fruit ripening,5 it has been employed in studies emphasising the use of transgenes since the 1980s, and probably more is known about the structure and metabolism of cell walls from tomato fruit than those of a ...
... We focus on tomato in this review because it represents the predominant model for studying fruit ripening,5 it has been employed in studies emphasising the use of transgenes since the 1980s, and probably more is known about the structure and metabolism of cell walls from tomato fruit than those of a ...
Mapping the function of the NS3 protein of African horsesickness
... family, has a ten-segment double-stranded (ds)RNA genome that is encapsidated within a single non-enveloped virus particle. In addition to seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7), four non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2 and NS3/NS3A) are synthesized in infected cells but their function in the viral life ...
... family, has a ten-segment double-stranded (ds)RNA genome that is encapsidated within a single non-enveloped virus particle. In addition to seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7), four non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2 and NS3/NS3A) are synthesized in infected cells but their function in the viral life ...
Microsporidia: Why Make Nucleotides if You Can Steal Them?
... Synthesis of dNTPs. Maintaining the correct cellular concentrations of the deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) that are needed to make DNA is critical as an imbalance can be highly mutagenic [14,22–24]. Control over cellular dNTP concentrations is exerted at the level of the broad-spectrum enzyme ribonucle ...
... Synthesis of dNTPs. Maintaining the correct cellular concentrations of the deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) that are needed to make DNA is critical as an imbalance can be highly mutagenic [14,22–24]. Control over cellular dNTP concentrations is exerted at the level of the broad-spectrum enzyme ribonucle ...
Lysosomes in iron metabolism, ageing and apoptosis
... in Lovain, Belgium, was at the time conducting studies of glucose-6-phosphatase (reviewed in de Duve 2005). As a reference enzyme, they used unspecific acid phosphatase. One day, when they decided to reinvestigate a cell homogenate after keeping it for a day or two in a fridge, they found much highe ...
... in Lovain, Belgium, was at the time conducting studies of glucose-6-phosphatase (reviewed in de Duve 2005). As a reference enzyme, they used unspecific acid phosphatase. One day, when they decided to reinvestigate a cell homogenate after keeping it for a day or two in a fridge, they found much highe ...
A mutant Escherichia coli that attaches peptidoglycan to
... with how this protective wall is built from molecules called peptidoglycans. However, Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that prevents many antibiotics from reaching the cell wall, and so the antibiotics are unable to kill the bacteria. The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is made ...
... with how this protective wall is built from molecules called peptidoglycans. However, Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that prevents many antibiotics from reaching the cell wall, and so the antibiotics are unable to kill the bacteria. The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is made ...
A Functional Role for Intra-Axonal Protein Synthesis during Axonal
... Burlingame, CA). Immunofluorescence was analyzed by standard fluorescent microscopy or laser scanning confocal microscopy. In all experiments, samples (coverslips, membranes, or tissue sections) were incubated without primary antibody to rule out nonspecific signals from secondary antibodies. Specif ...
... Burlingame, CA). Immunofluorescence was analyzed by standard fluorescent microscopy or laser scanning confocal microscopy. In all experiments, samples (coverslips, membranes, or tissue sections) were incubated without primary antibody to rule out nonspecific signals from secondary antibodies. Specif ...
Amyloid Precursor Protein in Cortical Neurons: Coexistence of Two
... and releaseof PA4 itself (Haasset al., 1992;Seubertet al., 1992), but it is not yet clear if this involves a distinct processingpathway. In addition, APP is normally processedin a constitutive secretorypathway in which the long N-terminal regionis cleaved near the extracellular membrane surface with ...
... and releaseof PA4 itself (Haasset al., 1992;Seubertet al., 1992), but it is not yet clear if this involves a distinct processingpathway. In addition, APP is normally processedin a constitutive secretorypathway in which the long N-terminal regionis cleaved near the extracellular membrane surface with ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.