Involvement of retinoic acid-inducible gene- BEAS-2B cells
... T-helper cells (Th) type 1 are considered to be involved in cellmediated immunity, and Th2 in allergic reactions; the Th1/Th2 balance may be important in various pathological conditions. IFN-c is a potent cytokine with a wide range of functions, including antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, a ...
... T-helper cells (Th) type 1 are considered to be involved in cellmediated immunity, and Th2 in allergic reactions; the Th1/Th2 balance may be important in various pathological conditions. IFN-c is a potent cytokine with a wide range of functions, including antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, a ...
the far c-terminus of tpx2 contributes to spindle morphogenesis
... phenomenon called dynamic instability – a process in which microtubules switch ...
... phenomenon called dynamic instability – a process in which microtubules switch ...
Subset-Specific Reductions in Lung Lymphocyte
... transferred Ag sensitivity into naive wt mice. Lung production of mRNA for six CC and two CXC chemokines after challenge was equivalent by RT-PCR analysis in wt and EⴚPⴚ mice. Therefore, reduced lung accumulation of ␣ T cells and B cells in EⴚPⴚ mice did not result from reduced delivery of circulat ...
... transferred Ag sensitivity into naive wt mice. Lung production of mRNA for six CC and two CXC chemokines after challenge was equivalent by RT-PCR analysis in wt and EⴚPⴚ mice. Therefore, reduced lung accumulation of ␣ T cells and B cells in EⴚPⴚ mice did not result from reduced delivery of circulat ...
In vivo single-RNA tracking shows that most tRNA diffuses freely in
... The subcellular RNA localization can be explored further through detection of individual RNA molecules and measurement of their heterogeneity, a challenge that can be met using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Initial studies to visualize single mRNA molecules in cells used fluorescence in s ...
... The subcellular RNA localization can be explored further through detection of individual RNA molecules and measurement of their heterogeneity, a challenge that can be met using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Initial studies to visualize single mRNA molecules in cells used fluorescence in s ...
Pancreatic Insufficiency
... D, E, and K via intravenous nutritional supplements. A low fat diet helps to control steatorrhoea. Surgery is indicated when an anatomical complication exists that is correctable by a mechanical intervention. Depending on the individual case, the appropriate interven- ...
... D, E, and K via intravenous nutritional supplements. A low fat diet helps to control steatorrhoea. Surgery is indicated when an anatomical complication exists that is correctable by a mechanical intervention. Depending on the individual case, the appropriate interven- ...
Oral Mucosa – Inflammation
... are degenerate (suppurative exudate). Cell debris, both from the resident cell populations and from infiltrating leukocytes; proteinaceous fluid containing fibrin; fewer macrophages; occasional lymphocytes or plasma cells; and, possibly, an infectious agent may also be present in within the exudate. ...
... are degenerate (suppurative exudate). Cell debris, both from the resident cell populations and from infiltrating leukocytes; proteinaceous fluid containing fibrin; fewer macrophages; occasional lymphocytes or plasma cells; and, possibly, an infectious agent may also be present in within the exudate. ...
Neurogenic Inflammation in Acute Pancreatitis
... treatment of acute pancreatitis and its subsequent systemic complications. Until now, most of the data has originated from animal studies. Detailed investigation of neurogenic pancreatitis in humans is obviously difficult. Significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of pa ...
... treatment of acute pancreatitis and its subsequent systemic complications. Until now, most of the data has originated from animal studies. Detailed investigation of neurogenic pancreatitis in humans is obviously difficult. Significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of pa ...
Dynamics of small genetic circuits subject to stochastic partitioning
... stochastically (Neubauer and Calef, 1970), or due to environmental cues such as irradiation by UV light (Baluch and Sussman, 1978). Meanwhile, the Repressilator is a synthetic three-gene motif which exhibits oscillatory behavior (Elowitz and Leibler, 2000), as each gene represses the next gene in th ...
... stochastically (Neubauer and Calef, 1970), or due to environmental cues such as irradiation by UV light (Baluch and Sussman, 1978). Meanwhile, the Repressilator is a synthetic three-gene motif which exhibits oscillatory behavior (Elowitz and Leibler, 2000), as each gene represses the next gene in th ...
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... a specialized epidermal cell lineage (Nadeau and Sack, 2002a; Bergmann and Sack, 2007; Pillitteri and Torii, 2012). This stomatal lineage consists of five major cell types (Fig. 1): meristemoid mother cells (MMCs; see Glossary, Box 1), meristemoids (see Glossary, Box 1), stomatal lineage ground cell ...
... a specialized epidermal cell lineage (Nadeau and Sack, 2002a; Bergmann and Sack, 2007; Pillitteri and Torii, 2012). This stomatal lineage consists of five major cell types (Fig. 1): meristemoid mother cells (MMCs; see Glossary, Box 1), meristemoids (see Glossary, Box 1), stomatal lineage ground cell ...
Mycobacterium leprae interactions with the host cell: recent
... The elimination of Hansen disease In 1981, the WHO recommended MDT to address the emergence of drug resistant strains and to promote compliance and cost effectiveness 7. In 1991, the World Health Assembly set a year 2000 target for the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem, and defined e ...
... The elimination of Hansen disease In 1981, the WHO recommended MDT to address the emergence of drug resistant strains and to promote compliance and cost effectiveness 7. In 1991, the World Health Assembly set a year 2000 target for the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem, and defined e ...
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony
... any kind of immune challenge55. Tumour cells and lymphomas are also known to secrete the cytokine. GM-CSF is further reported to be secreted in synovium arthritis and by acute myeloid lymphoma cells (Table 1). T cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts on induction accumulat ...
... any kind of immune challenge55. Tumour cells and lymphomas are also known to secrete the cytokine. GM-CSF is further reported to be secreted in synovium arthritis and by acute myeloid lymphoma cells (Table 1). T cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts on induction accumulat ...
Stomatal development - The Company of Biologists
... a specialized epidermal cell lineage (Nadeau and Sack, 2002a; Bergmann and Sack, 2007; Pillitteri and Torii, 2012). This stomatal lineage consists of five major cell types (Fig. 1): meristemoid mother cells (MMCs; see Glossary, Box 1), meristemoids (see Glossary, Box 1), stomatal lineage ground cell ...
... a specialized epidermal cell lineage (Nadeau and Sack, 2002a; Bergmann and Sack, 2007; Pillitteri and Torii, 2012). This stomatal lineage consists of five major cell types (Fig. 1): meristemoid mother cells (MMCs; see Glossary, Box 1), meristemoids (see Glossary, Box 1), stomatal lineage ground cell ...
Orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal bHLH
... (Edwards et al., 1998). Correlated with this expansion in habitat was the development of an epidermis that, although made highly impermeable by a lipid-rich cuticle, still permitted the exchange of external CO2 for internal O2 and water vapor. Microscopic epidermal valves called stomata were the str ...
... (Edwards et al., 1998). Correlated with this expansion in habitat was the development of an epidermis that, although made highly impermeable by a lipid-rich cuticle, still permitted the exchange of external CO2 for internal O2 and water vapor. Microscopic epidermal valves called stomata were the str ...
Expression and function of cell adhesion molecules during neural
... The cadherin superfamily is divided into subfamilies, and of these, type I and type II ...
... The cadherin superfamily is divided into subfamilies, and of these, type I and type II ...
Pattern Specification and Pattern Regulation in the Embryonic Chick
... protrude from the lateral body wall at Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) stage 16 for the wing and stage 17 for the leg. Rimming the apex of each mesodermal bulge is an Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER). As the limb bud begins to grow out, the dorsal side of the bud soon becomes rounded and the ventral surf ...
... protrude from the lateral body wall at Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) stage 16 for the wing and stage 17 for the leg. Rimming the apex of each mesodermal bulge is an Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER). As the limb bud begins to grow out, the dorsal side of the bud soon becomes rounded and the ventral surf ...
CD133 CXCR4 colon cancer cells exhibit metastatic potential and predict poor prognosis
... by a two-step PCR program of 95°C for 20 seconds and 72°C for 30 seconds repeated for 40 cycles on an Mx4000 system (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA). Boyden chamber invasion assay ...
... by a two-step PCR program of 95°C for 20 seconds and 72°C for 30 seconds repeated for 40 cycles on an Mx4000 system (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA). Boyden chamber invasion assay ...
Functional characterization of dI6 interneurons in the neonatal
... In some instances, the intrinsic bursting properties of dI6 neurons were examined by reducing network drive to these cells. This was accomplished by either blocking fast glutamatergic transmission with CNQX (10 M; Ziskind-Conhaim et al. 2008) or by inhibiting chemical synaptic transmission with a l ...
... In some instances, the intrinsic bursting properties of dI6 neurons were examined by reducing network drive to these cells. This was accomplished by either blocking fast glutamatergic transmission with CNQX (10 M; Ziskind-Conhaim et al. 2008) or by inhibiting chemical synaptic transmission with a l ...
Mesoderm and ectoderm lineages in the crustacean Parhyale
... In Parhyale hawaiensis, the first three divisions are holoblastic and asymmetric, resulting in an embryo comprised of eight cells—four macromeres and four micromeres. Lineage studies performed at this stage demonstrate that the progeny of each cell contribute to specific portions of different germ lay ...
... In Parhyale hawaiensis, the first three divisions are holoblastic and asymmetric, resulting in an embryo comprised of eight cells—four macromeres and four micromeres. Lineage studies performed at this stage demonstrate that the progeny of each cell contribute to specific portions of different germ lay ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... because of differences in nitrogen status and not in plant size (Kavanová et al. 2006b). The selected tillers of low- and high-nitrogen plants thus did not differ in size: the sheath of the youngest fully expanded leaf had similar length in both treatments (82 ⫾ 2 mm SE), and the tillers held a simi ...
... because of differences in nitrogen status and not in plant size (Kavanová et al. 2006b). The selected tillers of low- and high-nitrogen plants thus did not differ in size: the sheath of the youngest fully expanded leaf had similar length in both treatments (82 ⫾ 2 mm SE), and the tillers held a simi ...
Specific vasopressin binding to rat adrenal glomerulosa cells
... To test the stability of [3H]vasopressin during the course of the binding assay, glomerulosa cells were incubated for 15 min in the presence of [3H]vasopressin (5 nM). A small sample of the culture medium was collected at the end of the incubation period and submitted to h.p.l.c. analysis. The eluti ...
... To test the stability of [3H]vasopressin during the course of the binding assay, glomerulosa cells were incubated for 15 min in the presence of [3H]vasopressin (5 nM). A small sample of the culture medium was collected at the end of the incubation period and submitted to h.p.l.c. analysis. The eluti ...
Colloidal Gold-Mediated Delivery of Bleomycin for Improved
... Side effects of anticancer drugs still remain a problem in cancer treatment [1]. This is partially due to poor distribution of anticancer agents. The side effects may be reduced by improving the bioavailability of the drug in the tumor region [2–5]. Hence, nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery syste ...
... Side effects of anticancer drugs still remain a problem in cancer treatment [1]. This is partially due to poor distribution of anticancer agents. The side effects may be reduced by improving the bioavailability of the drug in the tumor region [2–5]. Hence, nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery syste ...
Pleiotropy of leptin receptor signalling is defined by distinct roles of
... As a class I cytokine receptor, LEPRb activates the janus kinase ⁄ signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK ⁄ STAT) signalling pathway [10,11]. Ligand binding to LEPRb results in the activation of JAK2 by transphosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cy ...
... As a class I cytokine receptor, LEPRb activates the janus kinase ⁄ signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK ⁄ STAT) signalling pathway [10,11]. Ligand binding to LEPRb results in the activation of JAK2 by transphosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cy ...
Structure and function of basement membranes
... that the basement membrane zone is a highly specialized extra~ cellular matrix with its unique components, but perhaps it is more variable than we thought. In particular, proteins lhal are not tradi- ...
... that the basement membrane zone is a highly specialized extra~ cellular matrix with its unique components, but perhaps it is more variable than we thought. In particular, proteins lhal are not tradi- ...
CHAPTER 3: Early tissue patterning is recreated by MEFs in... Figure 5: Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MEFs cultured in
... shows that no evident incorporation of BrdU was detected in Staurosporine-treated samples, while control samples exhibit high proliferation in the outermost circle of the cell mass. Moreover, a dose-response inhibitory effect on the 3D-bilateral structure development can be observed when diluted con ...
... shows that no evident incorporation of BrdU was detected in Staurosporine-treated samples, while control samples exhibit high proliferation in the outermost circle of the cell mass. Moreover, a dose-response inhibitory effect on the 3D-bilateral structure development can be observed when diluted con ...
Growth and killing of a Salmonella enterica serovar
... with a bent needle, filtered through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer (Becton Dickinson), and centrifuged at 400 g for 5 min. Red blood cells were subjected to an ammonium chloride lysis and the rest of the cells were fixed in 1 % PFA for 10 min on ice, washed twice and resuspended in PBS. Antibodies and ...
... with a bent needle, filtered through a 70 µm nylon cell strainer (Becton Dickinson), and centrifuged at 400 g for 5 min. Red blood cells were subjected to an ammonium chloride lysis and the rest of the cells were fixed in 1 % PFA for 10 min on ice, washed twice and resuspended in PBS. Antibodies and ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.