DISCUSSION The actin cytoskeleton mediates a variety of essential processes in... including cell motility, cell shape, phagocytosis, and cytokinesis. Three distinct...
... GTPases: Cdc42 induces filopodia, Rac regulates membranes ruffles and lamellipodia, and Rho regulates stress fiber formation (Hall, 1998). These GTPases exert their effects via specific effectors, some of which may have direct or indirect effects on lipid metabolism. In this study we provide evidenc ...
... GTPases: Cdc42 induces filopodia, Rac regulates membranes ruffles and lamellipodia, and Rho regulates stress fiber formation (Hall, 1998). These GTPases exert their effects via specific effectors, some of which may have direct or indirect effects on lipid metabolism. In this study we provide evidenc ...
Cell cycle control of septin ring dynamics in the
... timely distribution was identical to that predicted by immunofluorescence on fixed cells for the Cdc3, Cdc11 and Cdc12 septins in the classic work by J. Pringle and coworkers (Ford & Pringle, 1991 ; Kim et al., 1991) and to that observed in vivo throughout the cytokinetic stage for a Cdc12-GFP fusio ...
... timely distribution was identical to that predicted by immunofluorescence on fixed cells for the Cdc3, Cdc11 and Cdc12 septins in the classic work by J. Pringle and coworkers (Ford & Pringle, 1991 ; Kim et al., 1991) and to that observed in vivo throughout the cytokinetic stage for a Cdc12-GFP fusio ...
Hypothetical photosensory structure in ciliated protozoan, Blepharisma
... corresponding to TBS were observed in the space between the ectocyst and the plasma membrane (Fig. 4E, ref. Fig. 7B-2). The formation of endocyst-1 (en-1) is followed by the formation of several layers of endocyst, the precursor of which is probably supplied by a periodic excretion into the space be ...
... corresponding to TBS were observed in the space between the ectocyst and the plasma membrane (Fig. 4E, ref. Fig. 7B-2). The formation of endocyst-1 (en-1) is followed by the formation of several layers of endocyst, the precursor of which is probably supplied by a periodic excretion into the space be ...
Mechanistic Modeling of Cancer Tumor Growth Using a Porous
... be sufficient in the development of cancer. However, genetic instability can increase the rate of mutation and thus can increase the chance that a cell that has acquired a few of the hallmarks will acquire the remaining traits. However, since so many aspects of normal cell function must be perturbe ...
... be sufficient in the development of cancer. However, genetic instability can increase the rate of mutation and thus can increase the chance that a cell that has acquired a few of the hallmarks will acquire the remaining traits. However, since so many aspects of normal cell function must be perturbe ...
Correlation of Endothelial Cell Shape and Wall Shear Stress in a
... Recently, in vitro studies of endothelial cellular dynamics have been initiated using cultured populations of vascular cells. Dewey et al. 12 have reported the use of a rotating cone-plate viscometer to study cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells under conditions of a uniform fluid shear stress. ...
... Recently, in vitro studies of endothelial cellular dynamics have been initiated using cultured populations of vascular cells. Dewey et al. 12 have reported the use of a rotating cone-plate viscometer to study cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells under conditions of a uniform fluid shear stress. ...
STEROIDOGENESIS IN THECA CELLS OF CHICKEN FOLLICLES
... The aim of this study was to assess and compare the steroidogenic response to luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in cells of the theca interna and theca externa isolated from follicles at different stages of maturation. Cells of the theca interna and theca externa isolat ...
... The aim of this study was to assess and compare the steroidogenic response to luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in cells of the theca interna and theca externa isolated from follicles at different stages of maturation. Cells of the theca interna and theca externa isolat ...
Review - Trade Science Inc
... mal conditions? (B) Is that the genes for hyaluronidase Streptococcal cells[8]. It has been estimated that for a are substantially regulated??? Such that it doesn’t de- group of 100 Streptococcus pyogenes strains only 23 grade its own HA under normal conditions or (C) Is are capable of producing the ...
... mal conditions? (B) Is that the genes for hyaluronidase Streptococcal cells[8]. It has been estimated that for a are substantially regulated??? Such that it doesn’t de- group of 100 Streptococcus pyogenes strains only 23 grade its own HA under normal conditions or (C) Is are capable of producing the ...
Intracellular Triggering of Fas Aggregation and Recruitment of
... into rafts coaggregating with Fas and underwent apoptosis. Fas-associated death domain protein, procaspase-8, procaspase-10, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, and Bid were recruited into rafts, linking Fas and mitochondrial signaling routes. Clustering of rafts was necessary but not sufficient for ET-18- ...
... into rafts coaggregating with Fas and underwent apoptosis. Fas-associated death domain protein, procaspase-8, procaspase-10, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, and Bid were recruited into rafts, linking Fas and mitochondrial signaling routes. Clustering of rafts was necessary but not sufficient for ET-18- ...
Differentiation-associated changes in CD44 isoform expression
... Staining andfrow cytometry. Cells were washed twice and resuspended in Hank's balanced salt solution with 2% FCS and 0.02% sodium azide (NaN,) (HFN). All staining procedures were indirect and were performed with the cells at a concentration of107/mL. Cells were first incubated with HFN containing 5% ...
... Staining andfrow cytometry. Cells were washed twice and resuspended in Hank's balanced salt solution with 2% FCS and 0.02% sodium azide (NaN,) (HFN). All staining procedures were indirect and were performed with the cells at a concentration of107/mL. Cells were first incubated with HFN containing 5% ...
Germ lineage specification from a pluripotent primitive ectoderm
... respond by forming any of the cell types found in the adult organism. Cell lines have been derived from human blastocysts that share many of the characteristics of mouse ES cells (Thomson, Itskovitz-Eldor et al. 1998). Although it is not possible to undertake chimera formation using human ES cells, ...
... respond by forming any of the cell types found in the adult organism. Cell lines have been derived from human blastocysts that share many of the characteristics of mouse ES cells (Thomson, Itskovitz-Eldor et al. 1998). Although it is not possible to undertake chimera formation using human ES cells, ...
IMMEDIATE COMPLETE DENTURES AND PARTIAL DENTURES I
... possible failures. Even though the utmost care and diligence is exercised in preparation for and fabrication of immediate prosthetic appliances, there is the possibility of failure with patients not adapting to the new dentures. I agree to assume those risks and possible failures associated with but ...
... possible failures. Even though the utmost care and diligence is exercised in preparation for and fabrication of immediate prosthetic appliances, there is the possibility of failure with patients not adapting to the new dentures. I agree to assume those risks and possible failures associated with but ...
Cardiac Stem Cells and Mechanisms of Myocardial Regeneration
... A severe reduction in cell number, however, occurs acutely after ischemic injury that inevitably results in scar formation not only in the heart but also in other organs, whether their parenchymal cells are highly proliferating, slowly cycling, or terminally differentiated (263, 280, 410, 512). The ...
... A severe reduction in cell number, however, occurs acutely after ischemic injury that inevitably results in scar formation not only in the heart but also in other organs, whether their parenchymal cells are highly proliferating, slowly cycling, or terminally differentiated (263, 280, 410, 512). The ...
Geometrical constraints in the scaling relationships between
... driven by cell metabolism. Both respiration and photosynthesis take place on organelle membranes (owing to the location of ATP-synthesis complexes). Assuming that an increase in cell size leads to a proportional increase in the number of organelles [53], the rate of whole-cell metabolism should scal ...
... driven by cell metabolism. Both respiration and photosynthesis take place on organelle membranes (owing to the location of ATP-synthesis complexes). Assuming that an increase in cell size leads to a proportional increase in the number of organelles [53], the rate of whole-cell metabolism should scal ...
Cell size: a consequence of growth and division?
... example, in rat 3Y1 cells, expression of activated PI 3-kinase under low-serum conditions activated E2F, but the cells arrested in mid-S-phase and died by apoptosis. These effects were rescued by higher concentrations of serum, which lead to uncontrolled proliferation and growth*, presumably because ...
... example, in rat 3Y1 cells, expression of activated PI 3-kinase under low-serum conditions activated E2F, but the cells arrested in mid-S-phase and died by apoptosis. These effects were rescued by higher concentrations of serum, which lead to uncontrolled proliferation and growth*, presumably because ...
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... be defined as an irreversible arrest of cell proliferation coupled to induction of the multicomponent secretory phenotype, SASP. Cellular senescence primarily acts as an irreplaceable defense against cancer progression by preventing unrestricted cell growth of damaged cells. Cellular senescence occu ...
... be defined as an irreversible arrest of cell proliferation coupled to induction of the multicomponent secretory phenotype, SASP. Cellular senescence primarily acts as an irreplaceable defense against cancer progression by preventing unrestricted cell growth of damaged cells. Cellular senescence occu ...
Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
Early Development and Axis Formation in Amphibians
... The Amphibian Model Common vertebrate (e.g. Rana, Xenopus) Manipulable, observable (i.e. large eggs and embryos) 1) How are the body axes established? - How do relatively homogeneous cells (i.e. zygotes) establish polarity (complexity from simplicity)? 2) How are the germ layers determined? - How d ...
... The Amphibian Model Common vertebrate (e.g. Rana, Xenopus) Manipulable, observable (i.e. large eggs and embryos) 1) How are the body axes established? - How do relatively homogeneous cells (i.e. zygotes) establish polarity (complexity from simplicity)? 2) How are the germ layers determined? - How d ...
Probing cytoplasmic viscosity in the confined geometry of
... The most commonly used non-invasive, optical methods in literature for the measurement of molecular diffusion are single-particle tracking, Fluorescence Correlation Microscopy (FCS), and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). When possible, single particle tracking gives excellent result ...
... The most commonly used non-invasive, optical methods in literature for the measurement of molecular diffusion are single-particle tracking, Fluorescence Correlation Microscopy (FCS), and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). When possible, single particle tracking gives excellent result ...
lengthened g1 phase indicates differentiation status in
... concomitant with differentiation. Stable hESC lines expressing the live cell cycle reporter exhibit fluorescence only during G1. Due to the short length of pluripotent G1 phase, G1 fluorescence is only weakly and transiently detected, however it is quickly increased to easily detectable levels upon ...
... concomitant with differentiation. Stable hESC lines expressing the live cell cycle reporter exhibit fluorescence only during G1. Due to the short length of pluripotent G1 phase, G1 fluorescence is only weakly and transiently detected, however it is quickly increased to easily detectable levels upon ...
Foci of Trinucleotide Repeat Transcripts in Nuclei
... nuclei. Skin fibroblast cells from one myotonic dystrophy patient (3132) were analyzed for the number of foci in each nucleus. Nuclei contained a mean of five foci, but some were found with 13. Cells from another myotonic dystrophy pa- ...
... nuclei. Skin fibroblast cells from one myotonic dystrophy patient (3132) were analyzed for the number of foci in each nucleus. Nuclei contained a mean of five foci, but some were found with 13. Cells from another myotonic dystrophy pa- ...
The functions of the cytoskeleton and associated
... In addition to their involvement in the formation and function of the PPB and/or spindle, MOR1, CLASP, MAP65, AtKRP125c, NEDD1, and GCPs also contribute to phragmoplast establishment and configuration (Muller et al., 2004; Kawamura et al., 2006; Ambrose et al., 2007; Bannigan et al., 2007; Zeng et al ...
... In addition to their involvement in the formation and function of the PPB and/or spindle, MOR1, CLASP, MAP65, AtKRP125c, NEDD1, and GCPs also contribute to phragmoplast establishment and configuration (Muller et al., 2004; Kawamura et al., 2006; Ambrose et al., 2007; Bannigan et al., 2007; Zeng et al ...
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... (Strassmann et al., 2000; Fortunato et al., 2003; Buttery et al., 2009). While these “winner” strains have been labeled cheaters, alternative explanations, not based on exploitation, could lead to the same outcome. Like myxobacteria, there is extensive natural variation among Dictyostelium genotypes ...
... (Strassmann et al., 2000; Fortunato et al., 2003; Buttery et al., 2009). While these “winner” strains have been labeled cheaters, alternative explanations, not based on exploitation, could lead to the same outcome. Like myxobacteria, there is extensive natural variation among Dictyostelium genotypes ...
Taxol-stabilized Microtubules Can Position the
... How microtubules act to position the plane of cell division during cytokinesis is a topic of much debate. Recently, we showed that a subpopulation of stable microtubules extends past chromosomes and interacts with the cell cortex at the site of furrowing, suggesting that these stabilized microtubule ...
... How microtubules act to position the plane of cell division during cytokinesis is a topic of much debate. Recently, we showed that a subpopulation of stable microtubules extends past chromosomes and interacts with the cell cortex at the site of furrowing, suggesting that these stabilized microtubule ...
Bio-Engineered Skin and Soft Tissue Substitutes
... soft-tissue substitutes, and the evidence is limited for any specific product. Following is a description of the evidence for specific indications. Breast Reconstruction Results from an RCT and systematic reviews in unselected populations of breast reconstruction patients found no benefit of ADM all ...
... soft-tissue substitutes, and the evidence is limited for any specific product. Following is a description of the evidence for specific indications. Breast Reconstruction Results from an RCT and systematic reviews in unselected populations of breast reconstruction patients found no benefit of ADM all ...
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... conjugates increase in equatorial epithelial cell nuclei just prior to fiber cell differentiation, and localize to differentiating fiber cell nuclei (Shang et al., 1999). Second, zebrafish containing a mutation in the 26S proteasome gene Psmd6 experience abnormal retention of fiber cell nuclei, as w ...
... conjugates increase in equatorial epithelial cell nuclei just prior to fiber cell differentiation, and localize to differentiating fiber cell nuclei (Shang et al., 1999). Second, zebrafish containing a mutation in the 26S proteasome gene Psmd6 experience abnormal retention of fiber cell nuclei, as w ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.