Auxin and the Communication Between Plant Cells
... Polar auxin transport can regulate the synchrony of cell divisions, with actin organization emerging as a central factor defining the pattern of cell division, probably by polarizing the flow of vesicles that deposit auxin-efflux carriers to the cell pole and thus determining the directionality of a ...
... Polar auxin transport can regulate the synchrony of cell divisions, with actin organization emerging as a central factor defining the pattern of cell division, probably by polarizing the flow of vesicles that deposit auxin-efflux carriers to the cell pole and thus determining the directionality of a ...
ATP1A1-Mediated Src Signaling Inhibits Coronavirus Entry into Host
... viral infections, unexpected epidemics caused by zoonotic viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 to 2003 and the new pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) in 2009, underscore the need for additional antiviral measures. Compound and small interfering RNA (si ...
... viral infections, unexpected epidemics caused by zoonotic viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 to 2003 and the new pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) in 2009, underscore the need for additional antiviral measures. Compound and small interfering RNA (si ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SOD1
... Rac1, acting as a molecular switch cycling between its inactive GDP-bound state and active GTP-bound state (6). GTP hydrolysis by Rac1 is controlled through a redox-dependent interaction with the ubiquitous enzyme Cu+/Zn+ superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which is found mutated in ALS patients. When SOD1 ...
... Rac1, acting as a molecular switch cycling between its inactive GDP-bound state and active GTP-bound state (6). GTP hydrolysis by Rac1 is controlled through a redox-dependent interaction with the ubiquitous enzyme Cu+/Zn+ superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which is found mutated in ALS patients. When SOD1 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... ring. PtdIns3P has previously been imaged using the biosensor YFP–2 · FYVE (Vermeer et al., 2006; Voigt et al., 2005). To investigate whether there is any overlap between PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P pools, stably transformed BY-2 cells expressing both biosensors were generated. mRFP–PHFAPP1 was present on ...
... ring. PtdIns3P has previously been imaged using the biosensor YFP–2 · FYVE (Vermeer et al., 2006; Voigt et al., 2005). To investigate whether there is any overlap between PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P pools, stably transformed BY-2 cells expressing both biosensors were generated. mRFP–PHFAPP1 was present on ...
2015 Biology Pacing Guide
... 2. Describe the biochemical basis of life and explain how energy flows within and between the living systems. a. Explain and compare with the use of examples the types of bond formation (e.g., covalent, ionic, hydrogen, etc.) between or among atoms. (DOK 2) Subatomic particles and arrangement in ato ...
... 2. Describe the biochemical basis of life and explain how energy flows within and between the living systems. a. Explain and compare with the use of examples the types of bond formation (e.g., covalent, ionic, hydrogen, etc.) between or among atoms. (DOK 2) Subatomic particles and arrangement in ato ...
1 Distinct FAK activities determine progenitor
... epithelial cells (MaECs) and an outer layer of basal MaECs, is organized in a hierarchical manner (1-5). A single multipotent mammary stem cell (MaSC) in the basal layer can reconstitute a functional mammary gland by generating lineage-restricted progenitor cells, as shown in transplantation studies ...
... epithelial cells (MaECs) and an outer layer of basal MaECs, is organized in a hierarchical manner (1-5). A single multipotent mammary stem cell (MaSC) in the basal layer can reconstitute a functional mammary gland by generating lineage-restricted progenitor cells, as shown in transplantation studies ...
microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina1
... In most species, there are many different kinds of bipolar cell (e.g., Kaneko, 1970; Ramon y Cajal, 1972; Witkovsky and Stell, 1973; West, 1978). In the cat, in particular, there seem to be at least eight morphological forms of cone bipolar neuron based on studies of Golgi-impregnated retinas (Famig ...
... In most species, there are many different kinds of bipolar cell (e.g., Kaneko, 1970; Ramon y Cajal, 1972; Witkovsky and Stell, 1973; West, 1978). In the cat, in particular, there seem to be at least eight morphological forms of cone bipolar neuron based on studies of Golgi-impregnated retinas (Famig ...
Stem Cell Research
... validated therapies are recognised in humans: from bone marrow transplants through to more recent advances in skin and cornea repair. The cells used in these cases are adult tissue stem cells whose normal function is to maintain and repair tissues throughout life. Stem cells are known to exist in se ...
... validated therapies are recognised in humans: from bone marrow transplants through to more recent advances in skin and cornea repair. The cells used in these cases are adult tissue stem cells whose normal function is to maintain and repair tissues throughout life. Stem cells are known to exist in se ...
MRI/MRS in neuroinflammation: methodology and applications
... [42], is boosting the efforts for translation to the clinical ground of these methods. However, before the MR imaging of adhesion molecule can gain the clinical arena, several shortcomings must be overcome, including safety issues related to the coating of MPIOs, which are not biodegradable, and for ...
... [42], is boosting the efforts for translation to the clinical ground of these methods. However, before the MR imaging of adhesion molecule can gain the clinical arena, several shortcomings must be overcome, including safety issues related to the coating of MPIOs, which are not biodegradable, and for ...
The origin of early primitive streak - Development
... posterior region was more stratified. This gradient in epithelial aspect of the epiblast was used to verify the AP axis in the subsequent studies. Koller’s sickle was also used as a landmark for tagging individual sites of prestreak blastodiscs in ovo. Migration pattern of labeled cells during primi ...
... posterior region was more stratified. This gradient in epithelial aspect of the epiblast was used to verify the AP axis in the subsequent studies. Koller’s sickle was also used as a landmark for tagging individual sites of prestreak blastodiscs in ovo. Migration pattern of labeled cells during primi ...
Figures and figure supplements
... culture (black bars). (b) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production was observed in pure bacterial cultures grown in L1-Si supplemented with essential nutrients. Shown is an LC-MS extracted ion chromatogram (EIC, m/z 176.0706 ± 10 ppm) of an IAA standard of 500 nM (black) and two biological replicates ( ...
... culture (black bars). (b) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production was observed in pure bacterial cultures grown in L1-Si supplemented with essential nutrients. Shown is an LC-MS extracted ion chromatogram (EIC, m/z 176.0706 ± 10 ppm) of an IAA standard of 500 nM (black) and two biological replicates ( ...
PDF
... The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), although not arranged to form the typical transverse tubule system (the triad) with the extracellular membrane, is present at several locations and, similar to vertebrate striated muscle, might serve as calcium storage (Kier, 1985). At the fiber border the SR forms t ...
... The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), although not arranged to form the typical transverse tubule system (the triad) with the extracellular membrane, is present at several locations and, similar to vertebrate striated muscle, might serve as calcium storage (Kier, 1985). At the fiber border the SR forms t ...
Gene expression, oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in rabbit
... centrations in the infected rabbits compared to controls. Similarly, Eraslan et al. (2004), Ahmed and Hassan (2007) and Dkhil et al. (2012) each noticed increased levels of MDA and NO as a result of the stressful conditions following infection with E. tenella Raillet and Lucet, 1891, Eimeria sp. and ...
... centrations in the infected rabbits compared to controls. Similarly, Eraslan et al. (2004), Ahmed and Hassan (2007) and Dkhil et al. (2012) each noticed increased levels of MDA and NO as a result of the stressful conditions following infection with E. tenella Raillet and Lucet, 1891, Eimeria sp. and ...
Becke S, Fabre-Mersseman V, Aue S, Auerochs S
... pp65 interaction partners. pp65 has also been shown to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (N. Frankenberg, P. Lischka, T. Stamminger & B. Plachter, unpublished results). One recent report demonstrated that a viral mutant lacking pp65 expression replicated poorly in monocyte-derived macrop ...
... pp65 interaction partners. pp65 has also been shown to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (N. Frankenberg, P. Lischka, T. Stamminger & B. Plachter, unpublished results). One recent report demonstrated that a viral mutant lacking pp65 expression replicated poorly in monocyte-derived macrop ...
Convergence and Extension Movements During Vertebrate
... 2. The Regional and Temporal Pattern of C&E Movements in the Mesoderm During the first 3 hours of development, the zebrafish embryo undergoes rapid synchronous cell divisions to form a mound of blastomeres atop a large syncytial yolk cell (Kimmel et al., 1995). Maternally contributed transcripts and ...
... 2. The Regional and Temporal Pattern of C&E Movements in the Mesoderm During the first 3 hours of development, the zebrafish embryo undergoes rapid synchronous cell divisions to form a mound of blastomeres atop a large syncytial yolk cell (Kimmel et al., 1995). Maternally contributed transcripts and ...
Influence of intercellular tissue connections on airway muscle
... itself (5, 13, 37, 43), and the presence of length-dependent internal mechanical loading (16). Much evidence supports these mechanisms, all of which are based on processes that are primarily intracellular. The present paper addresses an additional mechanism that is related to extracellular structure ...
... itself (5, 13, 37, 43), and the presence of length-dependent internal mechanical loading (16). Much evidence supports these mechanisms, all of which are based on processes that are primarily intracellular. The present paper addresses an additional mechanism that is related to extracellular structure ...
Cell Wall Polysaccharides are Mislocalized to the Vacuole in
... SYP41–VTI12–SNARE [soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor] complex to achieve proper targeting of post-Golgi vesicles (Stein et al. 2009, Gendre et al. 2011, Drakakaki et al. 2012). Recently, two YPT/RAB-interacting proteins (YIPs), YIP4a and YIP4b, have been ide ...
... SYP41–VTI12–SNARE [soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor] complex to achieve proper targeting of post-Golgi vesicles (Stein et al. 2009, Gendre et al. 2011, Drakakaki et al. 2012). Recently, two YPT/RAB-interacting proteins (YIPs), YIP4a and YIP4b, have been ide ...
Cadherins constitute a superfamily of transmembrane - HAL
... hexamer model consists of a trimer of dimers with each N-terminal EC1 module making an anti-parallel dimeric contact, and the EC4 modules forming extensive trimeric interactions. Each EC1-4 molecule makes a helical curve that gives some torsional flexibility to the edifice [19,22]. While there is no ...
... hexamer model consists of a trimer of dimers with each N-terminal EC1 module making an anti-parallel dimeric contact, and the EC4 modules forming extensive trimeric interactions. Each EC1-4 molecule makes a helical curve that gives some torsional flexibility to the edifice [19,22]. While there is no ...
Integrins and cell differentiation
... absence of integrins. To completely eliminate PS integrin function, germline clones of a βPS null mutation were produced to create embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic βPS contributions (βPS−, see Materials and Methods). In the absence of PS integrins a reduction in the levels of both β1 tubuli ...
... absence of integrins. To completely eliminate PS integrin function, germline clones of a βPS null mutation were produced to create embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic βPS contributions (βPS−, see Materials and Methods). In the absence of PS integrins a reduction in the levels of both β1 tubuli ...
Fission yeast Tor2 promotes cell growth and represses cell
... autophagy to the abundance and quality of available nutrients. By contrast, the TORC2 complex, which contains Lst8, Bit61, Avo1, Avo2, Avo3 and Tor2 (but not Tor1), mediates the spatial control of cell growth by polarising the actin cytoskeleton, and hence the secretory pathway, towards the bud or g ...
... autophagy to the abundance and quality of available nutrients. By contrast, the TORC2 complex, which contains Lst8, Bit61, Avo1, Avo2, Avo3 and Tor2 (but not Tor1), mediates the spatial control of cell growth by polarising the actin cytoskeleton, and hence the secretory pathway, towards the bud or g ...
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... during and after sex determination. It is self-evident that an investigation of the ultrastructure of primordial germ cells, oogonia and very early oocytes is essential for a complete understanding of the events which lead to the production of the unfertilized egg. As far as is known, the only obser ...
... during and after sex determination. It is self-evident that an investigation of the ultrastructure of primordial germ cells, oogonia and very early oocytes is essential for a complete understanding of the events which lead to the production of the unfertilized egg. As far as is known, the only obser ...
Identification of Primary Lysosomes in Human
... in one or two cisternae, lent to GERL (Golgi, endoplasmic some22), although some of the other ...
... in one or two cisternae, lent to GERL (Golgi, endoplasmic some22), although some of the other ...
Involvement of retinoic acid-inducible gene- BEAS-2B cells
... T-helper cells (Th) type 1 are considered to be involved in cellmediated immunity, and Th2 in allergic reactions; the Th1/Th2 balance may be important in various pathological conditions. IFN-c is a potent cytokine with a wide range of functions, including antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, a ...
... T-helper cells (Th) type 1 are considered to be involved in cellmediated immunity, and Th2 in allergic reactions; the Th1/Th2 balance may be important in various pathological conditions. IFN-c is a potent cytokine with a wide range of functions, including antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, a ...
Copper tolerance of the thermoacidophilic archaeon
... previously adapted to grow at different concentrations of metals. There was a small decrease in the growth rates and the curves reached the plateaus at slightly lower cell densities when the micro-organisms were grown in the presence of increasing Cu2+ concentrations compared with the control cultur ...
... previously adapted to grow at different concentrations of metals. There was a small decrease in the growth rates and the curves reached the plateaus at slightly lower cell densities when the micro-organisms were grown in the presence of increasing Cu2+ concentrations compared with the control cultur ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.