The Biology of Cancer Metastasis: Historical
... what these records have suggested, the dependence of the seed upon the soil” (17). Forty years later, in 1928, Ewing challenged the “seed and soil” hypothesis (19). He proposed that mechanical forces and circulatory patterns between the primary tumor and the secondary site accounted for organ specif ...
... what these records have suggested, the dependence of the seed upon the soil” (17). Forty years later, in 1928, Ewing challenged the “seed and soil” hypothesis (19). He proposed that mechanical forces and circulatory patterns between the primary tumor and the secondary site accounted for organ specif ...
Merlin and Expanded interact - Development
... ‡Author for correspondence (e-mail: rfehon@duke.edu) ...
... ‡Author for correspondence (e-mail: rfehon@duke.edu) ...
Ultrastructural studies of t /t mouse embryos
... Both homozygotes can be distinguished from their litter-mates as early as the 2-cell stage by the presence of nuclear lipid droplets and excessive cytoplasmic lipid. In addition, both homozygous mutant embryos often contain binucleate cells, especially in the later cleavage stages. Usually there is ...
... Both homozygotes can be distinguished from their litter-mates as early as the 2-cell stage by the presence of nuclear lipid droplets and excessive cytoplasmic lipid. In addition, both homozygous mutant embryos often contain binucleate cells, especially in the later cleavage stages. Usually there is ...
The cell biology of hearing - The Journal of Cell Biology
... The inner ear responds to sound-induced vibrations of less than a nanometer, can amplify signals by more than 100-fold, and has a wide dynamic range enabling humans to perceive frequencies from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Essential for this extraordinary capability are the mechanosensory hair cells, which toge ...
... The inner ear responds to sound-induced vibrations of less than a nanometer, can amplify signals by more than 100-fold, and has a wide dynamic range enabling humans to perceive frequencies from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Essential for this extraordinary capability are the mechanosensory hair cells, which toge ...
Epigenetics, the holy grail in the pathogenesis of
... Genetic factors clearly contribute to the pathogenesis of SSc, as demonstrated by the identification of multiple genetic susceptibility loci in SSc patients. However, the cumulative effect size of these loci accounts for only a small fraction of disease heritability (estimated as only 0.008%) [25]. ...
... Genetic factors clearly contribute to the pathogenesis of SSc, as demonstrated by the identification of multiple genetic susceptibility loci in SSc patients. However, the cumulative effect size of these loci accounts for only a small fraction of disease heritability (estimated as only 0.008%) [25]. ...
Short-Lived and Phosphorylated Proteins
... Posttranslational Regulation of Auxin Carriers accumulation had to be accurately estimated. The radioactivity associated with the contaminating medium was determined by measuring accumulation between 10 and 30 s of incubation and extrapolating to time zero of incubation. Actual diffusion was calcul ...
... Posttranslational Regulation of Auxin Carriers accumulation had to be accurately estimated. The radioactivity associated with the contaminating medium was determined by measuring accumulation between 10 and 30 s of incubation and extrapolating to time zero of incubation. Actual diffusion was calcul ...
Cells To Tolerate Higher Expression of Bim T+ Bcl
... Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and ‡Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Medica ...
... Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and ‡Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Medica ...
الشريحة 1 - MEDtube.net
... stable during the last century despite medical advances, gives testimony to the poor ...
... stable during the last century despite medical advances, gives testimony to the poor ...
Interleukin-4 Deficiency Decreases Atherosclerotic Lesion
... IL-4 is thought to be secreted only by cells of hematopoietic origin. Therefore, bone marrow transplantation offers the potential to completely deplete IL-4. Bone marrow transplantation has been used to produce a deficient state in atherosclerosis research in many studies ever since its original des ...
... IL-4 is thought to be secreted only by cells of hematopoietic origin. Therefore, bone marrow transplantation offers the potential to completely deplete IL-4. Bone marrow transplantation has been used to produce a deficient state in atherosclerosis research in many studies ever since its original des ...
Only a subset of the binary cell fate decisions
... division of each IIa cell to produce two socket cells (Rhyu et al., 1994). The transformation of IIb to IIa has therefore precluded the examination of the role of numb in the asymmetric division of the IIb cell in numb null mutants. Besides the cell-intrinsic mechanism mediated by numb, a cell-extri ...
... division of each IIa cell to produce two socket cells (Rhyu et al., 1994). The transformation of IIb to IIa has therefore precluded the examination of the role of numb in the asymmetric division of the IIb cell in numb null mutants. Besides the cell-intrinsic mechanism mediated by numb, a cell-extri ...
collagen - MBBS Students Club
... After hydroxylation and glycosylationPro α-chains are converted to Pro-collagen. Pro-collagen has a central region of triple helix and its ends have non-helical regions of amino and carboxyl terminal extensions . These extensions are called Propeptides. ...
... After hydroxylation and glycosylationPro α-chains are converted to Pro-collagen. Pro-collagen has a central region of triple helix and its ends have non-helical regions of amino and carboxyl terminal extensions . These extensions are called Propeptides. ...
COLLAGEN - Rihs.com.pk
... After hydroxylation and glycosylationPro α-chains are converted to Pro-collagen. Pro-collagen has a central region of triple helix and its ends have non-helical regions of amino and carboxyl terminal extensions . These extensions are called Propeptides. ...
... After hydroxylation and glycosylationPro α-chains are converted to Pro-collagen. Pro-collagen has a central region of triple helix and its ends have non-helical regions of amino and carboxyl terminal extensions . These extensions are called Propeptides. ...
Apical ectodermal ridge morphogenesis in limb development is
... later, extra limb buds had been induced that showed Arid3b expression in the AER (see Fig. S1C, part a in the supplementary material). Moreover, Arid3b expression was regulated by Fgf signalling in limb buds: application of Fgf10 beads in the mesenchyme showed an anteriorly expanded Arid3b domain (s ...
... later, extra limb buds had been induced that showed Arid3b expression in the AER (see Fig. S1C, part a in the supplementary material). Moreover, Arid3b expression was regulated by Fgf signalling in limb buds: application of Fgf10 beads in the mesenchyme showed an anteriorly expanded Arid3b domain (s ...
Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces vascular endothelial
... (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580, but not by the specific inhibitor PD98059 of MEK, the upstream kinase of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) or the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125. Furthermore, CRH significantly increased protein kinase A activity, which could be mimi ...
... (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580, but not by the specific inhibitor PD98059 of MEK, the upstream kinase of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) or the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125. Furthermore, CRH significantly increased protein kinase A activity, which could be mimi ...
PDF
... explants), Xbra domain explants narrowed asymmetrically, becoming longer at the post-involution side and tipping over in the process (Fig. 4I; supplementary material Movie 5). The eventual long axis projects onto an oblique initial position, and explant deformation can be explained by a movement of ...
... explants), Xbra domain explants narrowed asymmetrically, becoming longer at the post-involution side and tipping over in the process (Fig. 4I; supplementary material Movie 5). The eventual long axis projects onto an oblique initial position, and explant deformation can be explained by a movement of ...
Slits affect the timely migration of neural crest cells via robo receptor
... Fig. 2. Slit molecule over-expression impairs neural crest cell migration. Chicken embryos HH14–15 were electroporated with control GFP (A, C, E) or mSlit1 (B, F), hSlit2 (D) plasmids and incubated for 24 hpe (A, B arrows point to forelimb area) or 48 hpe (C–F arrows point to hindlimb area). Cells w ...
... Fig. 2. Slit molecule over-expression impairs neural crest cell migration. Chicken embryos HH14–15 were electroporated with control GFP (A, C, E) or mSlit1 (B, F), hSlit2 (D) plasmids and incubated for 24 hpe (A, B arrows point to forelimb area) or 48 hpe (C–F arrows point to hindlimb area). Cells w ...
(ECM) Binding Sites on the Basal Surface of Embryonic Corneal
... several collagens, including types I and II (4, 8). If the corneal epithelium is removed from basal lamina and underlying stroma by EDTA or trypsin collagenase, the basal surface extends cell processes called blebs (4, 20). On collagenous substrata, the basal surface flattens, whereas it continues t ...
... several collagens, including types I and II (4, 8). If the corneal epithelium is removed from basal lamina and underlying stroma by EDTA or trypsin collagenase, the basal surface extends cell processes called blebs (4, 20). On collagenous substrata, the basal surface flattens, whereas it continues t ...
Golgi Regeneration after Brefeldin A Treatment in
... dependent upon the reactivation of ER export activity. Although the GTPases Sar1 and Arf1 locate to the ER and the Golgi apparatus, respectively, the activities of both are essential for the maintenance of structure and function of the Golgi apparatus in animal as well as plant cells. This is appare ...
... dependent upon the reactivation of ER export activity. Although the GTPases Sar1 and Arf1 locate to the ER and the Golgi apparatus, respectively, the activities of both are essential for the maintenance of structure and function of the Golgi apparatus in animal as well as plant cells. This is appare ...
Contributions by members of the TGFbeta superfamily to lens
... These mature fiber cells persist in the lens for the life of the individual. Several characteristics of the lens make it particularly suitable for studying growth factor signaling. Analysis of tissue interactions is simplified, because the lens has no connective tissues, nerves or vascular supply an ...
... These mature fiber cells persist in the lens for the life of the individual. Several characteristics of the lens make it particularly suitable for studying growth factor signaling. Analysis of tissue interactions is simplified, because the lens has no connective tissues, nerves or vascular supply an ...
bZIP transcription factor interactions regulate DIF
... pathway, it will be vital to determine whether DimA plays an active or permissive role in its regulation. We have therefore set out to investigate how DimA activity is regulated. First, we have examined the possible role of heterodimerisation in DimA-regulated gene expression. We report the identifi ...
... pathway, it will be vital to determine whether DimA plays an active or permissive role in its regulation. We have therefore set out to investigate how DimA activity is regulated. First, we have examined the possible role of heterodimerisation in DimA-regulated gene expression. We report the identifi ...
vascular tissue differentiation and pattern formation in plants
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
The Arabidopsis trichome is an active mechanosensory switch
... of the trichome changed less than 1% with addition of additional elements. In all cases, convergence was reached with an average element size of ~2 μm. A representative finite element mesh is presented in the Supporting Information Fig. S1. The model was used to study the focusing of force to the ba ...
... of the trichome changed less than 1% with addition of additional elements. In all cases, convergence was reached with an average element size of ~2 μm. A representative finite element mesh is presented in the Supporting Information Fig. S1. The model was used to study the focusing of force to the ba ...
USING ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) AS A SUBSTITUTE APPLICATIONS
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization Induced by
... frequences were plotted. The diameter of cells was between 38 and 62 mm. The theorical distribution followed a Gaussian curve centered on the mean voltage (42 6 9.5 mV). B, Typical whole-cell inward and outward currents recorded across the plasma membrane of intact cells polarized close to the mean ...
... frequences were plotted. The diameter of cells was between 38 and 62 mm. The theorical distribution followed a Gaussian curve centered on the mean voltage (42 6 9.5 mV). B, Typical whole-cell inward and outward currents recorded across the plasma membrane of intact cells polarized close to the mean ...
Amphibian gastrulation: history and evolution of a 125 year
... development were established by Haeckel (1874, 1875) and since then have been constantly used by embryologists. Different kinds of gastrulae have been recognized in animal groups and invagination phenomena, leading to a two-layered embryo, are considered more primitive than other gastrulation proces ...
... development were established by Haeckel (1874, 1875) and since then have been constantly used by embryologists. Different kinds of gastrulae have been recognized in animal groups and invagination phenomena, leading to a two-layered embryo, are considered more primitive than other gastrulation proces ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.