Live Cell Imaging Reveals Structural Associations
... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
fulltext
... semi-quantified, for diabetic studies, except in rats. Nonetheless, we found conflicting results regarding the GLP-1R being a selective imaging biomarker for the beta cells. PET/CT scan of the patient with [68Ga]Exendin-4 has proven to be more sensitive than the clinical neuroendocrine tracer, [11C] ...
... semi-quantified, for diabetic studies, except in rats. Nonetheless, we found conflicting results regarding the GLP-1R being a selective imaging biomarker for the beta cells. PET/CT scan of the patient with [68Ga]Exendin-4 has proven to be more sensitive than the clinical neuroendocrine tracer, [11C] ...
Spindle pole body-anchored Kar3 drives the nucleus
... cross-linker for anti-parallel MTs and provides by its minus end-directed motility the pulling forces to drag the two SPBs together (Polaina and Conde 1982; Meluh and Rose 1990; Endow et al. 1994). In addition, Kar3 was suggested to trigger shortening of opposing MTs at the SPBs (Rose 1996). An alte ...
... cross-linker for anti-parallel MTs and provides by its minus end-directed motility the pulling forces to drag the two SPBs together (Polaina and Conde 1982; Meluh and Rose 1990; Endow et al. 1994). In addition, Kar3 was suggested to trigger shortening of opposing MTs at the SPBs (Rose 1996). An alte ...
Transduction Cascade In Myeloid Cells: A Novel Cytokine Signal
... been identified in the egr-1 gene promoter, and GM-CSF activation of this promoter required CREB phosphorylation on Ser133 (7). Recently, a positive regulatory region has been found in the bcl-2 promoter, and this region contains a cAMP response element (CRE) consensus sequence (GTGACGTCA) (8). Expr ...
... been identified in the egr-1 gene promoter, and GM-CSF activation of this promoter required CREB phosphorylation on Ser133 (7). Recently, a positive regulatory region has been found in the bcl-2 promoter, and this region contains a cAMP response element (CRE) consensus sequence (GTGACGTCA) (8). Expr ...
as a PDF
... fusion proteins (n = 33 cells, 4.1min average duration at 3.85sec intervals) revealed discrete sites of apparent microtubule initiation at the cell cortex (Fig. 1A,B). Microtubules that depolymerized to visible completion rarely showed recovery (48 of 50 events with >2min of imaging after depolymeri ...
... fusion proteins (n = 33 cells, 4.1min average duration at 3.85sec intervals) revealed discrete sites of apparent microtubule initiation at the cell cortex (Fig. 1A,B). Microtubules that depolymerized to visible completion rarely showed recovery (48 of 50 events with >2min of imaging after depolymeri ...
FasL gene knock-down therapy enhances the
... brain cancer in the central nervous system. Currently, the mean survival of patients affected by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; the most aggressive form of malignant glioma) after conventional therapy consisting of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, remains just over 14 mon ...
... brain cancer in the central nervous system. Currently, the mean survival of patients affected by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; the most aggressive form of malignant glioma) after conventional therapy consisting of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, remains just over 14 mon ...
Keratin Alterations during Embryonic Epidermal Differentiation: A
... rabbits of different ages . An amount of tissue equivalent to that used for analysis of total proteins was taken and first exhaustively extracted several times with large volumes of 20 mM Tris-HCI, pH 7 .4, at 4°C. After the final extraction, the water-insoluble proteins were then dissolved in the s ...
... rabbits of different ages . An amount of tissue equivalent to that used for analysis of total proteins was taken and first exhaustively extracted several times with large volumes of 20 mM Tris-HCI, pH 7 .4, at 4°C. After the final extraction, the water-insoluble proteins were then dissolved in the s ...
The humoral pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is stored in
... to nonspecific binding of the anti-PTX3 mAb (not depicted). To confirm this observation, PTX3 expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Human neutrophils and DCs express two or three immunoreactive forms of PTX3, depending on the donor (with one major band at 47 kD and two minor bands at 44 and 4 ...
... to nonspecific binding of the anti-PTX3 mAb (not depicted). To confirm this observation, PTX3 expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Human neutrophils and DCs express two or three immunoreactive forms of PTX3, depending on the donor (with one major band at 47 kD and two minor bands at 44 and 4 ...
The journey of developing hematopoietic stem cells
... appropriate signals from the environment where HSCs develop. In order to generate HSCs from ES cells, hematopoietic precursors have to go through the same developmental process as they do during embryogenesis. Thus, to learn how ‘stemness’ of HSCs can be established and maintained, it is crucial to ...
... appropriate signals from the environment where HSCs develop. In order to generate HSCs from ES cells, hematopoietic precursors have to go through the same developmental process as they do during embryogenesis. Thus, to learn how ‘stemness’ of HSCs can be established and maintained, it is crucial to ...
Inducible depletion of adult skeletal muscle stem cells impairs the
... Rosa26DTA/+ (P7DTA) and Pax7+/+; Rosa26DTA/+ (Ctrl) mice. These mice enable tamoxifen (Tmx)-mediated expression of diphtheria toxin-A (DTA) to deplete Pax7+ SCs to levels that prevent the regeneration of skeletal muscle (Murphy et al., 2011; Relaix and Zammit, 2012). We employed 1-2 mm sciatic nerve ...
... Rosa26DTA/+ (P7DTA) and Pax7+/+; Rosa26DTA/+ (Ctrl) mice. These mice enable tamoxifen (Tmx)-mediated expression of diphtheria toxin-A (DTA) to deplete Pax7+ SCs to levels that prevent the regeneration of skeletal muscle (Murphy et al., 2011; Relaix and Zammit, 2012). We employed 1-2 mm sciatic nerve ...
reproduction and bacterial symbiosis in
... CHAPTER Il. A study of sexual reproduction in four Caribbean commercial sponge species. 1. Oogenesis, transfer of bacterial symbionts, and larval development, behaviour, settlement and metamorphosis. Table 1: Results of the discriminant analysis ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 Table 2: Results of the p ...
... CHAPTER Il. A study of sexual reproduction in four Caribbean commercial sponge species. 1. Oogenesis, transfer of bacterial symbionts, and larval development, behaviour, settlement and metamorphosis. Table 1: Results of the discriminant analysis ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 Table 2: Results of the p ...
Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1966 to January Week 3
... Once the almost exclusive domain of the orthopaedic surgeon, sports injuries are now being seen with increasing frequency by other specialists, including rheumatologists. It is therefore important for rheumatologists to be able to diagnose and manage the various musculoskeletal conditions that are a ...
... Once the almost exclusive domain of the orthopaedic surgeon, sports injuries are now being seen with increasing frequency by other specialists, including rheumatologists. It is therefore important for rheumatologists to be able to diagnose and manage the various musculoskeletal conditions that are a ...
the diversity of plastid - University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
... enough information to code for about 100 of their approximately 2,500 proteins; all other plastid proteins are coded for by the nuclear genome and imported from the cytoplasm. Plastids divide via fission prior to cytokinesis and are equally apportioned between the two daughter cells, along with the ...
... enough information to code for about 100 of their approximately 2,500 proteins; all other plastid proteins are coded for by the nuclear genome and imported from the cytoplasm. Plastids divide via fission prior to cytokinesis and are equally apportioned between the two daughter cells, along with the ...
Enzymatic reduction of disulfide bonds in lysosomes
... eduction, oxidation, and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells are carried out by enzymes of the thioredoxin family (1). Protein disulfide isomerase and related molecules catalyze the formation and isomerization of protein disulfid ...
... eduction, oxidation, and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells are carried out by enzymes of the thioredoxin family (1). Protein disulfide isomerase and related molecules catalyze the formation and isomerization of protein disulfid ...
Symplasmic networks in secondary vascular tissues
... the emphasis is on common patterns rather than a thorough coverage of existing variation. Lastly, although the focus of this review is the activity of parenchyma in secondary vascular tissues, evidence will at times be drawn from work on primary tissues when detailed physiological roles have only be ...
... the emphasis is on common patterns rather than a thorough coverage of existing variation. Lastly, although the focus of this review is the activity of parenchyma in secondary vascular tissues, evidence will at times be drawn from work on primary tissues when detailed physiological roles have only be ...
Cell delamination in the mesencephalic neural fold
... domain of the neural fold, designated as ‘metablast’, which, in contrast to trunk neural crest cells, expressed a unique combination of ectodermal and mesodermal markers, such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) (Weston et al., 2004). This idea is supported by the finding that ...
... domain of the neural fold, designated as ‘metablast’, which, in contrast to trunk neural crest cells, expressed a unique combination of ectodermal and mesodermal markers, such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) (Weston et al., 2004). This idea is supported by the finding that ...
SNARE Complex Proteins in Rat Mast Cells Phosphorylation of
... PKC activation that lead to phosphorylation of the SNARE proteins and granule release. Activation of several chemoattractant receptors results in leukocyte degranulation. However, it is unclear whether chemoattractant-induced degranulation uses the same mechanisms as those triggered by FcRI cross-l ...
... PKC activation that lead to phosphorylation of the SNARE proteins and granule release. Activation of several chemoattractant receptors results in leukocyte degranulation. However, it is unclear whether chemoattractant-induced degranulation uses the same mechanisms as those triggered by FcRI cross-l ...
Role of Phospholipase D in the cAMP Signal Transduction Pathway
... serum response element (Sadoshima and Izumo, 1993). Most experiments on mechanoregulation have measured how cells react when they are subjected to increased mechanical stress. Equally important but less well studied is the cellular reaction to decreased stress. We have been particularly interested i ...
... serum response element (Sadoshima and Izumo, 1993). Most experiments on mechanoregulation have measured how cells react when they are subjected to increased mechanical stress. Equally important but less well studied is the cellular reaction to decreased stress. We have been particularly interested i ...
Involvement of Calcium Ion in the Stimulated Shoot Elongation of
... Tubers of arrowhead were harvested from the field of the Center for Research on Wild Plants of Utsunomiya University and stored at 4°C in the dark (Ishizawa et al. 1999). In all experiments, tubers were used after preincubation at 25°C in the dark for 3 d. Intact tubers were used for the experiments ...
... Tubers of arrowhead were harvested from the field of the Center for Research on Wild Plants of Utsunomiya University and stored at 4°C in the dark (Ishizawa et al. 1999). In all experiments, tubers were used after preincubation at 25°C in the dark for 3 d. Intact tubers were used for the experiments ...
Role of the Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Cotransporters and
... (Taulan et al., 2006), which suggests that the chemical toxicity of both low and high uranium concentrations might share, at least in part, similar cellular and molecular mechanisms. In accordance with this hypothesis, we recently demonstrated by computer-assisted simulation that uranium speciation ...
... (Taulan et al., 2006), which suggests that the chemical toxicity of both low and high uranium concentrations might share, at least in part, similar cellular and molecular mechanisms. In accordance with this hypothesis, we recently demonstrated by computer-assisted simulation that uranium speciation ...
The engrailed homeobox genes are required in multiple cell
... The layered cortex of the cerebellum is folded along the anterior-posterior axis into lobules separated by fissures, allowing the large number of cells needed for advanced cerebellar functions to be packed into a small volume. During development, the cerebellum begins as a smooth ovoid structure with ...
... The layered cortex of the cerebellum is folded along the anterior-posterior axis into lobules separated by fissures, allowing the large number of cells needed for advanced cerebellar functions to be packed into a small volume. During development, the cerebellum begins as a smooth ovoid structure with ...
Synergistic interaction of three ERECTA-family
... clones for ERL1 and ERL2 by a combination of RT-PCR and 5′ RACE-PCR (Fig. 1A). Among the 223 Arabidopsis genes encoding LRR-RLKs (Shiu and Bleecker, 2003), ERECTA possesses an unusual, characteristic exon-intron structure with 26 introns (Torii et al., 1996). A comparison of genomic and cDNA sequenc ...
... clones for ERL1 and ERL2 by a combination of RT-PCR and 5′ RACE-PCR (Fig. 1A). Among the 223 Arabidopsis genes encoding LRR-RLKs (Shiu and Bleecker, 2003), ERECTA possesses an unusual, characteristic exon-intron structure with 26 introns (Torii et al., 1996). A comparison of genomic and cDNA sequenc ...
Molecular Microbioiogy
... components isolated from chvB mutants did not possess rhicadhesin activity, whereas cell surface preparations isolated from A. tumefaciens wild-type and plasmid-cured cells did. The same results were obtained with inhibition of attachment of R leguminosarum 248. This result indicates that no active ...
... components isolated from chvB mutants did not possess rhicadhesin activity, whereas cell surface preparations isolated from A. tumefaciens wild-type and plasmid-cured cells did. The same results were obtained with inhibition of attachment of R leguminosarum 248. This result indicates that no active ...
FOXP3: Of Mice and Men
... mechanism is not perfect, and autoreactive clones do escape into the periphery. Tolerance is maintained in the periphery through a variety of mechanisms, including a population of regulatory T cells that actively suppress the function of autoreactive T cells. These T cells, identified by their expres ...
... mechanism is not perfect, and autoreactive clones do escape into the periphery. Tolerance is maintained in the periphery through a variety of mechanisms, including a population of regulatory T cells that actively suppress the function of autoreactive T cells. These T cells, identified by their expres ...
Establishment of Polarity during Organization of the Acentrosomal
... with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end growth (Tirnauer et al., 2002) and in all instances this behavior was observed in plant cells that expressed EB1 at low levels. In addition, during mitosis, EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP comets are seen to migrate toward and accumulate ...
... with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end growth (Tirnauer et al., 2002) and in all instances this behavior was observed in plant cells that expressed EB1 at low levels. In addition, during mitosis, EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP comets are seen to migrate toward and accumulate ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.