Cell behaviour and cleft palate in the mutant mouse
... either side of the roof of the buccal cavity (Fig. 1 a). That these are ridges can be seen at their posterior end where the knife has cut a glancing transverse section through the tissue. By the 14th day of development (14-5 days) the ridges have grown well out and away from the palatal roof (Figs. ...
... either side of the roof of the buccal cavity (Fig. 1 a). That these are ridges can be seen at their posterior end where the knife has cut a glancing transverse section through the tissue. By the 14th day of development (14-5 days) the ridges have grown well out and away from the palatal roof (Figs. ...
Reverse migration of neutrophils: Where, when, how and why
... have entered the interstitial space, they are guided to their target sites by gradient sensing [10] (Box 1). This response is additionally regulated by a vast array of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that collectively ensure the correct positioning, shape and forward propulsion of immune c ...
... have entered the interstitial space, they are guided to their target sites by gradient sensing [10] (Box 1). This response is additionally regulated by a vast array of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that collectively ensure the correct positioning, shape and forward propulsion of immune c ...
The Assimilation of Amino-acids by Bacteria
... Investigation of nutrition of organisms. The nitrogen requirements of staphylococci were investigated by Gladstone (1937); his methods were followed in this work. I n general, a complete nutrient medium consisting of salts, nicotinamide, aneurin and pure amino-acids (Gladstone, 1937) was prepared an ...
... Investigation of nutrition of organisms. The nitrogen requirements of staphylococci were investigated by Gladstone (1937); his methods were followed in this work. I n general, a complete nutrient medium consisting of salts, nicotinamide, aneurin and pure amino-acids (Gladstone, 1937) was prepared an ...
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... differentiation under hypoxic conditions, we inactivated the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1␣ (HIF1␣) in mouse limb bud mesenchyme. Developmental analysis of Hif1␣-depleted limbs revealed abnormal cartilage and joint formation in the autopod, suggesting that HIF1␣ is part of a mechan ...
... differentiation under hypoxic conditions, we inactivated the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1␣ (HIF1␣) in mouse limb bud mesenchyme. Developmental analysis of Hif1␣-depleted limbs revealed abnormal cartilage and joint formation in the autopod, suggesting that HIF1␣ is part of a mechan ...
S1P promotes murine progenitor cell egress and
... the plasma after 1 hour of AMD3100 administration (Figure 2A). At 1 hour after AMD3100 injection, S1P levels in the BM were also normal (Figure 2B). Moreover, an increase in the percentage of S1P1 expressing BM c-Kit⫹/Lin⫺ (KL) progenitor cells 1 hour after AMD3100 treatment was detected, which was ...
... the plasma after 1 hour of AMD3100 administration (Figure 2A). At 1 hour after AMD3100 injection, S1P levels in the BM were also normal (Figure 2B). Moreover, an increase in the percentage of S1P1 expressing BM c-Kit⫹/Lin⫺ (KL) progenitor cells 1 hour after AMD3100 treatment was detected, which was ...
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... generation microscopy and polarizing microscopy. MF2PLSM provides attractive advantages over conventional fluorescence microscopy for revealing the true architecture of the samples that can not produce autofluorescence without labelling or staining, which might induce undesirable effects in the livi ...
... generation microscopy and polarizing microscopy. MF2PLSM provides attractive advantages over conventional fluorescence microscopy for revealing the true architecture of the samples that can not produce autofluorescence without labelling or staining, which might induce undesirable effects in the livi ...
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... the BSF equivalent to the FC of procyclic forms [65]. Later on in the cycle the cell will duplicate, which requires replication and segregation of all its organelles including the FP and the FP cytoskeleton. The latter includes a quartet of microtubules (4MT) also known as microtubule quartet (MTQ), ...
... the BSF equivalent to the FC of procyclic forms [65]. Later on in the cycle the cell will duplicate, which requires replication and segregation of all its organelles including the FP and the FP cytoskeleton. The latter includes a quartet of microtubules (4MT) also known as microtubule quartet (MTQ), ...
Perturbation of Polyamine Catabolism Can Strongly Affect Root
... activity was detected in sloughed root cap cells, but not in the columella (Fig. 1A). Concomitant with initial root tissue differentiation, we observed a progressive increase of PAO activity in xylem parenchyma as well as in early metaxylem (EMX) and late metaxylem (LMX) precursors, while PAO enzyma ...
... activity was detected in sloughed root cap cells, but not in the columella (Fig. 1A). Concomitant with initial root tissue differentiation, we observed a progressive increase of PAO activity in xylem parenchyma as well as in early metaxylem (EMX) and late metaxylem (LMX) precursors, while PAO enzyma ...
The head organizer in Hydra
... and McClay, 2006). The expression of several genes involved in the canonical Wnt pathway in Hydra suggested that this pathway plays a role in the Hydra organizer. HyWnt3, TCF and beta-catenin are expressed in the hypostome of the adult (Hobmayer et al., 2000; Broun et al., 2005). Subsequently, it wa ...
... and McClay, 2006). The expression of several genes involved in the canonical Wnt pathway in Hydra suggested that this pathway plays a role in the Hydra organizer. HyWnt3, TCF and beta-catenin are expressed in the hypostome of the adult (Hobmayer et al., 2000; Broun et al., 2005). Subsequently, it wa ...
Evidence for the presence of calsequestrin in two structurally
... calsequestrin by the indirect immunofluorescent labeling procedure was compared with a phase-contrast view of the same field as shown in Fig. 2, d and g, respectively. Specific fluorescent staining in transverse sections was present throughout the cytoplasmic region of the myofibers and consisted of ...
... calsequestrin by the indirect immunofluorescent labeling procedure was compared with a phase-contrast view of the same field as shown in Fig. 2, d and g, respectively. Specific fluorescent staining in transverse sections was present throughout the cytoplasmic region of the myofibers and consisted of ...
Remodeling of endosomes during lysosome biogenesis involves
... To determine the nature of the giant endosomes present in rab5(Q79L)-expressing macrophages, we characterized the kinetic of their formation and some of their biochemical properties. First, we followed the distribution of a fluorescent fluid tracer at various time points after its internalization. T ...
... To determine the nature of the giant endosomes present in rab5(Q79L)-expressing macrophages, we characterized the kinetic of their formation and some of their biochemical properties. First, we followed the distribution of a fluorescent fluid tracer at various time points after its internalization. T ...
Plant Physiology
... to the entry of the bacteria into the root hair cell and the initiation of the nodule remain. In the alfalfa-R. meliloti symbiosis, one of the earliest responses to Rhizobium inoculation is root hair curling. Infection threads are formed within the tightly curled root hairs known as "shepherd's croo ...
... to the entry of the bacteria into the root hair cell and the initiation of the nodule remain. In the alfalfa-R. meliloti symbiosis, one of the earliest responses to Rhizobium inoculation is root hair curling. Infection threads are formed within the tightly curled root hairs known as "shepherd's croo ...
Maurizio Gentile Role of mTOR in the Activation of Prof. Andrea Cerutti
... and lipids from blood-borne viruses and bacteria. These antigens activate MZ B cells by engaging somatically recombined B cell receptors (BCRs) and germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). MZ B cells receive additional co-stimulatory signals from a prolif ...
... and lipids from blood-borne viruses and bacteria. These antigens activate MZ B cells by engaging somatically recombined B cell receptors (BCRs) and germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). MZ B cells receive additional co-stimulatory signals from a prolif ...
Research and Development
... Blackspot bruising is the blue-black tuber discoloration encountered when susceptible potatoes impact on a hard surface, and is caused by a chemical reaction initiated when tuber cells are physically damaged. This phenomenon greatly affects the quality of the crop and its value. A 2-year, BPC/DEFRA ...
... Blackspot bruising is the blue-black tuber discoloration encountered when susceptible potatoes impact on a hard surface, and is caused by a chemical reaction initiated when tuber cells are physically damaged. This phenomenon greatly affects the quality of the crop and its value. A 2-year, BPC/DEFRA ...
VASCULAR TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
Cytotoxicity of 1,2-epoxynaphthalene Is Correlated with
... cause cytotoxicity (Zheng et al., 1997). However, the subsequent interactions of the electrophilic metabolites with macromolecules in the cells, and the importance of these interactions in cellular injury are not well characterized. It has also been proposed that conjugation with glutathione (GSH) i ...
... cause cytotoxicity (Zheng et al., 1997). However, the subsequent interactions of the electrophilic metabolites with macromolecules in the cells, and the importance of these interactions in cellular injury are not well characterized. It has also been proposed that conjugation with glutathione (GSH) i ...
Expression and Inhibition of the Carboxylating
... not appear to be regulated by pCO2 in either diatom. In T. pseudonana and T. weissflogii, net CO2 fixation was blocked by 3, 3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoyl-methyl)-propenoate (a specific inhibitor of PEPC), but was restored by about 50% and 80%, respectively, by addition of millimolar concentrat ...
... not appear to be regulated by pCO2 in either diatom. In T. pseudonana and T. weissflogii, net CO2 fixation was blocked by 3, 3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoyl-methyl)-propenoate (a specific inhibitor of PEPC), but was restored by about 50% and 80%, respectively, by addition of millimolar concentrat ...
COMMUNICATION Redefining the phenotype of Heat shock protein 90
... Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a well-investigated chemotherapeutic target, with 15 unique clinical structures reported to act by controlling this protein [1]. Hsp90 plays a major role in controlling proteins that regulate many oncogenic pathways[2], and it was anticipated that Hsp90 inhibitors wo ...
... Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a well-investigated chemotherapeutic target, with 15 unique clinical structures reported to act by controlling this protein [1]. Hsp90 plays a major role in controlling proteins that regulate many oncogenic pathways[2], and it was anticipated that Hsp90 inhibitors wo ...
Aubé et al., J Immunol, 2014
... that neutrophils are among the first inflammatory cells recruited into the CNS, which is corroborated by studies showing the presence of PMNs in the meninges before the onset of clinical symptoms (13, 17, 18). PMNs are also increasingly recognized as having pivotal functions in driving inflammatory ...
... that neutrophils are among the first inflammatory cells recruited into the CNS, which is corroborated by studies showing the presence of PMNs in the meninges before the onset of clinical symptoms (13, 17, 18). PMNs are also increasingly recognized as having pivotal functions in driving inflammatory ...
(Hsp90) inhibitors
... Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a well-investigated chemotherapeutic target, with 15 unique clinical structures reported to act by controlling this protein [1]. Hsp90 plays a major role in controlling proteins that regulate many oncogenic pathways[2], and it was anticipated that Hsp90 inhibitors wo ...
... Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a well-investigated chemotherapeutic target, with 15 unique clinical structures reported to act by controlling this protein [1]. Hsp90 plays a major role in controlling proteins that regulate many oncogenic pathways[2], and it was anticipated that Hsp90 inhibitors wo ...
Somatic Cytokinesis and Pollen Maturation in Arabidopsis
... types of pollen grains. Fifty percent of the pollen grains had a normal ellipsoidal morphology and fluoresced homogenously (Figure 2B). The other half of the pollen grains showed random deposits of material that was not stained by PI (Figures 2C and 2D). In severely affected pollen with a shriveled ...
... types of pollen grains. Fifty percent of the pollen grains had a normal ellipsoidal morphology and fluoresced homogenously (Figure 2B). The other half of the pollen grains showed random deposits of material that was not stained by PI (Figures 2C and 2D). In severely affected pollen with a shriveled ...
The Lymphatic System Homotoxicological Approach
... The cardio-vascular system is the main “system of transport” of body fluids and with whatever other constituents may be present. The central pumping action of the heart provides the pressure necessary to force the blood through the peripheral vascular system. The arterio-venous junctions (capillarie ...
... The cardio-vascular system is the main “system of transport” of body fluids and with whatever other constituents may be present. The central pumping action of the heart provides the pressure necessary to force the blood through the peripheral vascular system. The arterio-venous junctions (capillarie ...
Rac1 accumulates in the nucleus during the G2 phase of the cell
... also found that the NLS of Rac1 was partially responsible for the accumulation in the nucleus of the armadillo repeat proteins smgGDS and p120 catenin (Lanning et al., 2003) and was required for efficient proteosomal degradation of Rac1 (Lanning et al., 2004). In these studies, a constitutively GTPb ...
... also found that the NLS of Rac1 was partially responsible for the accumulation in the nucleus of the armadillo repeat proteins smgGDS and p120 catenin (Lanning et al., 2003) and was required for efficient proteosomal degradation of Rac1 (Lanning et al., 2004). In these studies, a constitutively GTPb ...
A Critical Role for Egr-1 Characterization of CD44 Induction by IL-1:
... IM7, has antiinflammatory effects in several in vivo models of inflammation (15–17). Finally, binding of low m.w. fragments of hyaluronic acid (HA) to alveolar macrophages via CD44 elicits the expression of a number of proinflammatory chemokines (18). This extends an earlier observation showing that ...
... IM7, has antiinflammatory effects in several in vivo models of inflammation (15–17). Finally, binding of low m.w. fragments of hyaluronic acid (HA) to alveolar macrophages via CD44 elicits the expression of a number of proinflammatory chemokines (18). This extends an earlier observation showing that ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.