Dynamics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and its requirement for
... The protein clathrin mediates one of the major pathways of endocytosis from the extracellular milieu and plasma membrane. In single-cell eukaryotes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the gene encoding clathrin is not an essential gene, raising the question of whether clathrin conveys specific advant ...
... The protein clathrin mediates one of the major pathways of endocytosis from the extracellular milieu and plasma membrane. In single-cell eukaryotes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the gene encoding clathrin is not an essential gene, raising the question of whether clathrin conveys specific advant ...
secretory immunoglobulin A triggers distinct intestinal epithelial cell
... loops, investigators have shown that SIgA neutralization of Shigella flexneri can down-regulate inflammatory responses [14]. However, little is known regarding how free and microbiota-complexed SIgA regulate these epithelial cell responses. Herein, we used a multi-cellular three-dimensional (3D) mod ...
... loops, investigators have shown that SIgA neutralization of Shigella flexneri can down-regulate inflammatory responses [14]. However, little is known regarding how free and microbiota-complexed SIgA regulate these epithelial cell responses. Herein, we used a multi-cellular three-dimensional (3D) mod ...
Establishment of Polarity during Organization of the Acentrosomal
... with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end growth (Tirnauer et al., 2002) and in all instances this behavior was observed in plant cells that expressed EB1 at low levels. In addition, during mitosis, EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP comets are seen to migrate toward and accumulate ...
... with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end growth (Tirnauer et al., 2002) and in all instances this behavior was observed in plant cells that expressed EB1 at low levels. In addition, during mitosis, EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP comets are seen to migrate toward and accumulate ...
Control de la estabilidad de ciclinas de G1 por nutrientes Sara
... hen environmental conditions change, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, like other organisms, takes several coordinated decisions about growth, cell division, and maintaining homeostasis. Nutrient status is among the most important environmental conditions that must be accurately sensed and responded to in o ...
... hen environmental conditions change, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, like other organisms, takes several coordinated decisions about growth, cell division, and maintaining homeostasis. Nutrient status is among the most important environmental conditions that must be accurately sensed and responded to in o ...
Lipopolysaccharide modulates neutrophil recruitment and
... progression of inflammation (40, 76). Mesenteric lymphatics, in particular, are directly exposed to both the inflammatory activation and dyslipidemia resulting from the aberrant elevated postprandial chylomicron production in metabolic syndrome, as well as the dietary endotoxins, such as LPS associa ...
... progression of inflammation (40, 76). Mesenteric lymphatics, in particular, are directly exposed to both the inflammatory activation and dyslipidemia resulting from the aberrant elevated postprandial chylomicron production in metabolic syndrome, as well as the dietary endotoxins, such as LPS associa ...
Tese Hugo Fraga
... The Brazilian conifer Araucaria angustifolia naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest Biome, and is popularly known as araucaria or Brazilianpine. According to the IUCN, this species is critically endangered, reinforcing the need for further studies aimed at their preservation and propagation. Plant ...
... The Brazilian conifer Araucaria angustifolia naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest Biome, and is popularly known as araucaria or Brazilianpine. According to the IUCN, this species is critically endangered, reinforcing the need for further studies aimed at their preservation and propagation. Plant ...
Integumentary System
... elastin and reticular fibers are also present. Adipose cells and blood vessels are scarce in the dermis compared to the hypodermis. Nerve endings, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, and lymphatic vessels are also in the dermis (see figure 5.1). The nerve endings are varied in structure and functi ...
... elastin and reticular fibers are also present. Adipose cells and blood vessels are scarce in the dermis compared to the hypodermis. Nerve endings, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, and lymphatic vessels are also in the dermis (see figure 5.1). The nerve endings are varied in structure and functi ...
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... target them to the lysosomal pathway; the degradation of pathogens through the autophagy pathway is known as xenophagy [2]. However, most infectious pathogens have evolved strategies to escape autophagy or even to use some properties of this cellular mechanism to optimize their intracellular life cy ...
... target them to the lysosomal pathway; the degradation of pathogens through the autophagy pathway is known as xenophagy [2]. However, most infectious pathogens have evolved strategies to escape autophagy or even to use some properties of this cellular mechanism to optimize their intracellular life cy ...
Seed-coat Dormancy in Grevillea linearifolia
... the fire. Seeds of east Australian Grevillea species show this pattern. Seeds returned to the laboratory, while showing some germination if allowed to imbibe, respond to fire-related germination cues such as smoke or heat; the greatest response is to the combination of the two (Kenny, 2000; Morris, ...
... the fire. Seeds of east Australian Grevillea species show this pattern. Seeds returned to the laboratory, while showing some germination if allowed to imbibe, respond to fire-related germination cues such as smoke or heat; the greatest response is to the combination of the two (Kenny, 2000; Morris, ...
The Type II Arabidopsis Formin14 Interacts with Microtubules and
... spindle (Figure 3A). In addition, the microfilament band in control cells was thinner than the microtubule band in phragmoplasts (Figure 3B). Interestingly, in cells overexpressing AFH14-GFP, microfilaments codistributed with AFH14-GFP in spindles and phragmoplasts (Figures 3C and 3D). Furthermore, ...
... spindle (Figure 3A). In addition, the microfilament band in control cells was thinner than the microtubule band in phragmoplasts (Figure 3B). Interestingly, in cells overexpressing AFH14-GFP, microfilaments codistributed with AFH14-GFP in spindles and phragmoplasts (Figures 3C and 3D). Furthermore, ...
Exosomes with major histocompatibility complex class II and
... on the cell surface, such as the tetraspan proteins CD63 and CD82 [7], which interact with membrane proteins, such as integrins and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR [10]. Exosomes may not only have a role in T-cell activation, but may also function as a communicator between cells in the immune syste ...
... on the cell surface, such as the tetraspan proteins CD63 and CD82 [7], which interact with membrane proteins, such as integrins and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR [10]. Exosomes may not only have a role in T-cell activation, but may also function as a communicator between cells in the immune syste ...
Berlin-Buch - Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine
... are connected to the MDC. Regarding patient care, these two clinics are part of the HELIOS Clinics GmbH. The relationships of the MDC to the Charité’s neurobiological clinics sector are being developed at present. Together with the MDC’s partner institute, the Research Institute for Molecular Pharma ...
... are connected to the MDC. Regarding patient care, these two clinics are part of the HELIOS Clinics GmbH. The relationships of the MDC to the Charité’s neurobiological clinics sector are being developed at present. Together with the MDC’s partner institute, the Research Institute for Molecular Pharma ...
Molecular Microbiology
... the supernatant of this mutant was tested in the dropcollapsing assay. Results show that the supernatant of PCL1436 did not spread on a hydrophobic support, in contrast to supernatant derived from the wild-type strain (Fig. 1B). The culture supernatant from mutant derivative PCL1436 showed a surface ...
... the supernatant of this mutant was tested in the dropcollapsing assay. Results show that the supernatant of PCL1436 did not spread on a hydrophobic support, in contrast to supernatant derived from the wild-type strain (Fig. 1B). The culture supernatant from mutant derivative PCL1436 showed a surface ...
The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells
... nutrition. Notwithstanding, a lot is still unknown about the specific function of these transporters, their specific localization, or molecular nature. Here the fundamental roles of anionic transport in plant cells are reviewed. Special attention will be paid to them in the control of pollen tube gr ...
... nutrition. Notwithstanding, a lot is still unknown about the specific function of these transporters, their specific localization, or molecular nature. Here the fundamental roles of anionic transport in plant cells are reviewed. Special attention will be paid to them in the control of pollen tube gr ...
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF MUSCLES Learning Objectives
... Skeletal muscle consists of very long tubular cells (also called muscle fibers). Skeletal muscle fibers contain many peripherally placed nuclei. Skeletal muscle fibers show in many preparations characteristic cross-striations. It is therefore also called striated muscle. Skeletal muscle is innervate ...
... Skeletal muscle consists of very long tubular cells (also called muscle fibers). Skeletal muscle fibers contain many peripherally placed nuclei. Skeletal muscle fibers show in many preparations characteristic cross-striations. It is therefore also called striated muscle. Skeletal muscle is innervate ...
Metapopulation persistence of insects living in hollow oaks:
... habitats is temperate broad-leaved forest in Europe. In Central Europe, only 0.2% of the original amount is considered undisturbed (Hannah et al. 1995) which makes habitats such as old hollow trees very rare and many of the organisms dependent on tree hollows are considered threatened (Ranius 2002a) ...
... habitats is temperate broad-leaved forest in Europe. In Central Europe, only 0.2% of the original amount is considered undisturbed (Hannah et al. 1995) which makes habitats such as old hollow trees very rare and many of the organisms dependent on tree hollows are considered threatened (Ranius 2002a) ...
High-Performance Exosome Purification
... sample preparation indicate that density gradient is an impor tant step in isolating exosomes. When ultracentrifugation and pelleting are used alone, without a density gradient, larger species and cellular debris are removed from the exosome sample. However, protein and small macromolecule impuritie ...
... sample preparation indicate that density gradient is an impor tant step in isolating exosomes. When ultracentrifugation and pelleting are used alone, without a density gradient, larger species and cellular debris are removed from the exosome sample. However, protein and small macromolecule impuritie ...
Dependence of an Adenosine-Activated Potassium Current on a
... for adenosinereceptor binding to be transduced into an electrophysiological response. One approach to this kind of problem is to try to mimic receptor activation by addingto the extracellular medium agents that stimulate or inhibit secondmessengersystems.More recently, intracellular dialysis or perf ...
... for adenosinereceptor binding to be transduced into an electrophysiological response. One approach to this kind of problem is to try to mimic receptor activation by addingto the extracellular medium agents that stimulate or inhibit secondmessengersystems.More recently, intracellular dialysis or perf ...
The TNF-family cytokine TL1A drives IL-13
... histological scores of all four founders > 6 months of age for each section. Each section was scored by an observer blinded to the genotype of the mouse. Statistical analysis for comparison of transgenic and control mice was performed using Mann–Whitney test. Sections from at least four mice per gro ...
... histological scores of all four founders > 6 months of age for each section. Each section was scored by an observer blinded to the genotype of the mouse. Statistical analysis for comparison of transgenic and control mice was performed using Mann–Whitney test. Sections from at least four mice per gro ...
Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in
... specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth4; however, neither the molecular components of this system nor the cellular mechanism of auxin redistribution on light or gravity perception have been identified. Here, we show that auxin accumulates asym ...
... specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth4; however, neither the molecular components of this system nor the cellular mechanism of auxin redistribution on light or gravity perception have been identified. Here, we show that auxin accumulates asym ...
Hox genes, neural crest cells and branchial arch patterning Paul A
... Plasticity in the A–P cell fates of transposed hindbrain and cranial neural crest cells. (a) In zebrafish, single r2 cells moved into r6 and adopt an r6 character (green balls with red outline). Similarly single r6 cells grafted into r2 adopt an r2 character (red balls with green outline). This indi ...
... Plasticity in the A–P cell fates of transposed hindbrain and cranial neural crest cells. (a) In zebrafish, single r2 cells moved into r6 and adopt an r6 character (green balls with red outline). Similarly single r6 cells grafted into r2 adopt an r2 character (red balls with green outline). This indi ...
Yoga and Insulin Resistance:
... Rey, and Sorkin, 1985) This relationship, once elucidated, has amazing potential for practical application. ...
... Rey, and Sorkin, 1985) This relationship, once elucidated, has amazing potential for practical application. ...
proximo-distal increase of enzymic activity in the dorsal
... to 25-30 min and levelled off slightly with longer incubation. We felt justified in using 30 min incubations since there was only a minimal, questionable, deviation from a straight line at this point, and a maximal yield was desirable because of the low activity present in these samples. Materials. ...
... to 25-30 min and levelled off slightly with longer incubation. We felt justified in using 30 min incubations since there was only a minimal, questionable, deviation from a straight line at this point, and a maximal yield was desirable because of the low activity present in these samples. Materials. ...
Plant Gravitropism. Unraveling the Ups and
... know that younger plants are able to straighten up and resume upward growth. This example illustrates the significance of tropism, or the ability of plant organs to direct their growth along a path that is dictated by their surrounding environment. In nature, plant organs can use a variety of enviro ...
... know that younger plants are able to straighten up and resume upward growth. This example illustrates the significance of tropism, or the ability of plant organs to direct their growth along a path that is dictated by their surrounding environment. In nature, plant organs can use a variety of enviro ...
Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like Protein Mediates Necrosis
... Thus, a better understanding of the molecular pathway responsible for RIP3-mediated necrosis and the development of inhibitors of this pathway could serve urgent medical needs. The mechanism by which RIP3 causes programmed necrotic cell death is still poorly understood. Unlike caspase-3/7, whose spe ...
... Thus, a better understanding of the molecular pathway responsible for RIP3-mediated necrosis and the development of inhibitors of this pathway could serve urgent medical needs. The mechanism by which RIP3 causes programmed necrotic cell death is still poorly understood. Unlike caspase-3/7, whose spe ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.