Root-knot nematodes manipulate plant cell functions during a
... deposition of newly synthesized wall material is associated with this loosening process and, throughout feeding site development, further modifications to the cell wall result in wall thickening and the development of wall ingrowths. Several additional genes encoding cell wall proteins (e.g. hydrola ...
... deposition of newly synthesized wall material is associated with this loosening process and, throughout feeding site development, further modifications to the cell wall result in wall thickening and the development of wall ingrowths. Several additional genes encoding cell wall proteins (e.g. hydrola ...
Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor
... exon-1B/exon-2–expressing 32D/G-CSF-R cells. Ligands were added to the lower chamber, and cells that migrated to the lower well were counted after 4 hours of incubation. Y-axis shows the percentage of migrated cells from an input of 1 ⫻ 105. (B) Effect of different concentrations of 2-AG when added ...
... exon-1B/exon-2–expressing 32D/G-CSF-R cells. Ligands were added to the lower chamber, and cells that migrated to the lower well were counted after 4 hours of incubation. Y-axis shows the percentage of migrated cells from an input of 1 ⫻ 105. (B) Effect of different concentrations of 2-AG when added ...
Development of definitive endoderm from embryonic
... based on findings from studies using model systems such as Xenopus and zebrafish that provide easy access to early embryonic stages of development at a time when lineage commitment decisions are taking place. By contrast, the mouse embryo is much less amenable to such experimental approaches because ...
... based on findings from studies using model systems such as Xenopus and zebrafish that provide easy access to early embryonic stages of development at a time when lineage commitment decisions are taking place. By contrast, the mouse embryo is much less amenable to such experimental approaches because ...
The Mechanisms of hsp27 Antibody-Mediated Apoptosis in Retinal
... Technologies, Grand Island, N Y) chilled in 4°C, and retinas were mechanically dissected under a microscope. Full-thickness retina pieces of 5 mm diameter from the midperipheral zone were cut using a trephine and used immediately for experiments. The cellular viability in the isolated retinas was as ...
... Technologies, Grand Island, N Y) chilled in 4°C, and retinas were mechanically dissected under a microscope. Full-thickness retina pieces of 5 mm diameter from the midperipheral zone were cut using a trephine and used immediately for experiments. The cellular viability in the isolated retinas was as ...
The Expression of MHC Class II Genes in Macrophages Is Cell
... involved in cell cycle progression. This is the case of genes that control some cellular activities. For example, it has been described that the sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli observed in some cell types is dependent on the proliferative state of the cells and the progression through the cell cycl ...
... involved in cell cycle progression. This is the case of genes that control some cellular activities. For example, it has been described that the sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli observed in some cell types is dependent on the proliferative state of the cells and the progression through the cell cycl ...
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... The selected cultures were treated with aflatoxin and incubated for different intervals of time. The supernatant and cell pellets were subjected to HPLC separation with fluorescence detector. The retention times of the various toxins were compared with the standards. Concentration of the toxin was c ...
... The selected cultures were treated with aflatoxin and incubated for different intervals of time. The supernatant and cell pellets were subjected to HPLC separation with fluorescence detector. The retention times of the various toxins were compared with the standards. Concentration of the toxin was c ...
The human RNA-binding protein RBFA promotes the maturation of
... Assembly and maturation of a fully functional ribosome is a demanding but fundamental feature of cellular metabolism. Budding yeast, for example, can produce 2000 ribosomes per minute (1), reflecting the demands of protein synthesis. Across almost all characterized species, the ribosome is composed ...
... Assembly and maturation of a fully functional ribosome is a demanding but fundamental feature of cellular metabolism. Budding yeast, for example, can produce 2000 ribosomes per minute (1), reflecting the demands of protein synthesis. Across almost all characterized species, the ribosome is composed ...
Protection of Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II)
... Considering the small size of bacteria (on the order of micrometers), such an effective external screen to protect microbial cells could consist of small mineral particles that only need to be available in the close cell environment or even at the cell surface. Thick paleosols rarely develop on ultr ...
... Considering the small size of bacteria (on the order of micrometers), such an effective external screen to protect microbial cells could consist of small mineral particles that only need to be available in the close cell environment or even at the cell surface. Thick paleosols rarely develop on ultr ...
Mast cell activation is differentially affected by heat shock
... Objective. Mast cells play pivotal roles in immediate-type and inflammatory allergic and nonallergic reactions. Cross-linking of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FceRI) on mast cells activates a signaling pathway leading to Ca2⫹ mobilization and is followed by degranulation and the release of his ...
... Objective. Mast cells play pivotal roles in immediate-type and inflammatory allergic and nonallergic reactions. Cross-linking of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FceRI) on mast cells activates a signaling pathway leading to Ca2⫹ mobilization and is followed by degranulation and the release of his ...
Aquaporin-Mediated Fluid Regulation in the Inner Ear
... require a directional flow of fluid from the stria vascularis to the endolymphatic sac. So far, there was no flux detectable beyond a passive bidirectional diffusion of injected marker molecules into the scala media (Salt and Thalmann, 1988). The sensory cells of the inner ear are exposed to the end ...
... require a directional flow of fluid from the stria vascularis to the endolymphatic sac. So far, there was no flux detectable beyond a passive bidirectional diffusion of injected marker molecules into the scala media (Salt and Thalmann, 1988). The sensory cells of the inner ear are exposed to the end ...
CD95 ligation and intracellular membrane flow
... with vesicle translocation to the mitochondrial compartment, suggestive of an interplay between both organelles in the sense of an ‘organelle scrambling’. Thus early effects of CD95 activation on intracellular membrane flow may be much more complex than previously thought, but much has still to be l ...
... with vesicle translocation to the mitochondrial compartment, suggestive of an interplay between both organelles in the sense of an ‘organelle scrambling’. Thus early effects of CD95 activation on intracellular membrane flow may be much more complex than previously thought, but much has still to be l ...
Heart Valve Tissue Engineering: Concepts, Approaches, Progress
... Ross valves transplanted from the pulmonary-to-aortic position in an individual) presently are viable,120 but the Ross procedure is technically difficult, risky, only serves a small patient subset, and has controversial results, including uncertainty over whether the grafts will grow commensurate wi ...
... Ross valves transplanted from the pulmonary-to-aortic position in an individual) presently are viable,120 but the Ross procedure is technically difficult, risky, only serves a small patient subset, and has controversial results, including uncertainty over whether the grafts will grow commensurate wi ...
STAINING OF BACTERIAL CELLS Objective • To learn the
... crystal violet are useful for the direct staining of cells, whereas anionic stains, such as eosin and nigrosin, will not directly stain bacterial cells. However, negatively charged stains, are useful for revealing the outlines of bacterial cells; anionic dyes stain the background, leaving the bacter ...
... crystal violet are useful for the direct staining of cells, whereas anionic stains, such as eosin and nigrosin, will not directly stain bacterial cells. However, negatively charged stains, are useful for revealing the outlines of bacterial cells; anionic dyes stain the background, leaving the bacter ...
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... Fade (Invitrogen) on cover slips and visualized using Olympus FV300 XY. Images were analyzed using ImageJ and MetaMorph software. The 20⫻ image intensity levels were unmodified and all processed in parallel. The brightness and contrast of 60⫻ images were increased in 2-OST morphants to highlight mor ...
... Fade (Invitrogen) on cover slips and visualized using Olympus FV300 XY. Images were analyzed using ImageJ and MetaMorph software. The 20⫻ image intensity levels were unmodified and all processed in parallel. The brightness and contrast of 60⫻ images were increased in 2-OST morphants to highlight mor ...
Identification of a Mid-anaphase Checkpoint in
... of a facultative, dicentric chromosome are also indicative of a mid-anaphase cell cycle checkpoint which can delay progression through mitosis (Neff and Burke, 1992; Brock and Bloom, 1994). These dicentric chromosomes contain two centromeres, one of which is conditionally regulated by the GAL1 trans ...
... of a facultative, dicentric chromosome are also indicative of a mid-anaphase cell cycle checkpoint which can delay progression through mitosis (Neff and Burke, 1992; Brock and Bloom, 1994). These dicentric chromosomes contain two centromeres, one of which is conditionally regulated by the GAL1 trans ...
Fibronectins Are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel
... IBRONECTINS (FNs) are major components of the extracellular matrix and blood plasma, and are specific ligands for several integrin adhesion receptors.1-3 In vitro, FNs have been shown to function in cell adhesion, migration, and extracellular matrix assembly.4,5 Wide expression of FNs in vivo sugges ...
... IBRONECTINS (FNs) are major components of the extracellular matrix and blood plasma, and are specific ligands for several integrin adhesion receptors.1-3 In vitro, FNs have been shown to function in cell adhesion, migration, and extracellular matrix assembly.4,5 Wide expression of FNs in vivo sugges ...
American Journal of Potato Research
... North America can be attributed at least in part to the presence of symptomless, latent infections. The term "latent infection" was first applied by Dykstra (10) in a subtitle to describe an experiment in which potatoes, inoculated with ring tot, produced no visibly infected plants or tubers that ye ...
... North America can be attributed at least in part to the presence of symptomless, latent infections. The term "latent infection" was first applied by Dykstra (10) in a subtitle to describe an experiment in which potatoes, inoculated with ring tot, produced no visibly infected plants or tubers that ye ...
Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac
... of fluoxetine have shown cytotoxic activity. For example, cytotoxic results were obtained using the tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay to determine the inhibition of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and the inhibition of neutral red uptake into lysosomes based on cell membrane damage in fis ...
... of fluoxetine have shown cytotoxic activity. For example, cytotoxic results were obtained using the tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay to determine the inhibition of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and the inhibition of neutral red uptake into lysosomes based on cell membrane damage in fis ...
mpges
... lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in dendritic cells derived from bone marrow in vitro 33). Although mPGES-1–/– dendritic cells exhibit normal maturation and migration, the level of IL-12, a critical Th1 polarizing cytokine, after LPS stimulation is significantly lower when compared to WT cells. ...
... lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in dendritic cells derived from bone marrow in vitro 33). Although mPGES-1–/– dendritic cells exhibit normal maturation and migration, the level of IL-12, a critical Th1 polarizing cytokine, after LPS stimulation is significantly lower when compared to WT cells. ...
An EMMPRIN–c-catenin–Nm23 complex drives ATP production and
... components VE-cadherin (48% colocalization), PECAM-1 (95%) and JAM-A (also known as F11R; 81%) (data not shown). We next investigated how adherens junctions were affected by EMMPRIN deficiency in human endothelial cells. siRNAmediated knockdown of EMMPRIN expression with two independent oligonucleot ...
... components VE-cadherin (48% colocalization), PECAM-1 (95%) and JAM-A (also known as F11R; 81%) (data not shown). We next investigated how adherens junctions were affected by EMMPRIN deficiency in human endothelial cells. siRNAmediated knockdown of EMMPRIN expression with two independent oligonucleot ...
Physiological effects of long-term energy
... Respiration of starving cells. Respiration was measured indirectly by 2-(p-iodopheny1)-3-(p-nitropheny1)5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT; grade 1) reduction (Trevors et al. 1982). Triplicate samples (25 ml) of starving cells were transferred to 60 m1 serum bottles. Each sample received 2.5 m1 of IN ...
... Respiration of starving cells. Respiration was measured indirectly by 2-(p-iodopheny1)-3-(p-nitropheny1)5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT; grade 1) reduction (Trevors et al. 1982). Triplicate samples (25 ml) of starving cells were transferred to 60 m1 serum bottles. Each sample received 2.5 m1 of IN ...
Document
... solution covered by a semi-permeable membrane. Oxygen diffuses through the membrane to the cathode, where it is reduced. The current produced by the electrode is proportional to the oxygen tension in the solution. When to use ...
... solution covered by a semi-permeable membrane. Oxygen diffuses through the membrane to the cathode, where it is reduced. The current produced by the electrode is proportional to the oxygen tension in the solution. When to use ...
Regulatory assembly of the vacuolar proton pump VOV1
... to monitor the variable subunit composition of VOV1-ATPase parts. VOV1-ATPase shows a remarkable dis- and re-assembling process in response to nutrition conditions. In order to gain detailed information about this process we focused on subunits C and E of the V1 part. Different fluorescent proteins ...
... to monitor the variable subunit composition of VOV1-ATPase parts. VOV1-ATPase shows a remarkable dis- and re-assembling process in response to nutrition conditions. In order to gain detailed information about this process we focused on subunits C and E of the V1 part. Different fluorescent proteins ...
Activation of DNA Damage Response Pathways during Lytic
... latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In order to propagate, the virus must switch to the lytic phase, during which the majority of viral genes are expressed, viral DNA is amplified and infectious virus is released following lysis of the host cell. The viral replication and transcription activa ...
... latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In order to propagate, the virus must switch to the lytic phase, during which the majority of viral genes are expressed, viral DNA is amplified and infectious virus is released following lysis of the host cell. The viral replication and transcription activa ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.