Morphological classification of plant cell deaths
... Programmed cell death (PCD) is an integral part of plant development and of responses to abiotic stress or pathogens. Although the morphology of plant PCD is, in some cases, well characterised and molecular mechanisms controlling plant PCD are beginning to emerge, there is still confusion about the ...
... Programmed cell death (PCD) is an integral part of plant development and of responses to abiotic stress or pathogens. Although the morphology of plant PCD is, in some cases, well characterised and molecular mechanisms controlling plant PCD are beginning to emerge, there is still confusion about the ...
Integrin inside-out signaling and
... environments. Their extracellular domains bind to ligands on the surface of other cells or in the extracellular matrix, while their cytoplasmic domains bind to cytoskeletal-associated proteins. ‘Outside-in’ signals received by cells through other receptors such as tyrosine kinases and G protein-coup ...
... environments. Their extracellular domains bind to ligands on the surface of other cells or in the extracellular matrix, while their cytoplasmic domains bind to cytoskeletal-associated proteins. ‘Outside-in’ signals received by cells through other receptors such as tyrosine kinases and G protein-coup ...
The pollen wall and tapetum are altered in the
... between plasma membrane and the nexine (Heslop-Harrison, 1971), and contains cellulose, pectin, and various proteins (Owen and Makaroff, 1995). The morphological features of the tectum, bacula, and nexine vary considerably, but they are the most representative structural characteristics of the polle ...
... between plasma membrane and the nexine (Heslop-Harrison, 1971), and contains cellulose, pectin, and various proteins (Owen and Makaroff, 1995). The morphological features of the tectum, bacula, and nexine vary considerably, but they are the most representative structural characteristics of the polle ...
module – 5 microbial growth and control
... number of cells given in a solution, then serial dilution needs to be performed. A 1ml of the sample is taken and transferred to a tube containing 9ml of sterile water and this process can be repeated until we reach a considerable dilution (say 106 to 107). Once the original inoculum is diluted one ...
... number of cells given in a solution, then serial dilution needs to be performed. A 1ml of the sample is taken and transferred to a tube containing 9ml of sterile water and this process can be repeated until we reach a considerable dilution (say 106 to 107). Once the original inoculum is diluted one ...
Localization of Phospholamban in Smooth Muscle
... smooth muscle cells is less than that observed in similar preparations of canine cardiac muscle (unpublished observations) and it often forms small patches. A striking feature of these cells is that the outer nuclear envelope is quite heavily labeled, indicating the presence of an abundant PL-like p ...
... smooth muscle cells is less than that observed in similar preparations of canine cardiac muscle (unpublished observations) and it often forms small patches. A striking feature of these cells is that the outer nuclear envelope is quite heavily labeled, indicating the presence of an abundant PL-like p ...
dextran by suspension-cultured plant cells
... Mes (pH 6.3) and 5 mM Probenecid (Sigma Ltd) and preincubated for 3 or 17 h at room temperature. One-ml samples were removed, the cells pelleted and incubated with an equal volume of Mesbuffered medium containing ProbenecidiFITC (O.lmgml" 1 ) for 5-30 min at 25 °C. Finally, treated cells were washed ...
... Mes (pH 6.3) and 5 mM Probenecid (Sigma Ltd) and preincubated for 3 or 17 h at room temperature. One-ml samples were removed, the cells pelleted and incubated with an equal volume of Mesbuffered medium containing ProbenecidiFITC (O.lmgml" 1 ) for 5-30 min at 25 °C. Finally, treated cells were washed ...
UTILITIES OF CRATAEVA NURVALA Review Article VANDANA KHATTAR*, ANKITA WAL
... Despite modern techniques, the recurrence rate of Urolithiasis is approximately 50% within 5 years. Thus, there must be some drug that corrects the metabolic errors and prevents the formation of stone. In Ayurveda, a detailed description of urolithiasis is mentioned under the heading of Ashmari. Thi ...
... Despite modern techniques, the recurrence rate of Urolithiasis is approximately 50% within 5 years. Thus, there must be some drug that corrects the metabolic errors and prevents the formation of stone. In Ayurveda, a detailed description of urolithiasis is mentioned under the heading of Ashmari. Thi ...
The study of cell cycle control is entering a new and exciting phase
... at start, as discussed earlier, and then in Gz at the mitotic control. Recessive temperature-sensitive lethal cdc2 mutants become blocked in Gi or Gz, depending on where they are in the cell cycle when shifted to the restrictive temperature (Nurse & Bissett, 1981). In contrast, dominant wee cdc2 and ...
... at start, as discussed earlier, and then in Gz at the mitotic control. Recessive temperature-sensitive lethal cdc2 mutants become blocked in Gi or Gz, depending on where they are in the cell cycle when shifted to the restrictive temperature (Nurse & Bissett, 1981). In contrast, dominant wee cdc2 and ...
Influence of body fluid from pin-killed honey bee pupae on hygienic
... exuded. This ’body fluid’ is composed of hemolymph, along with many fat body cells and other types of material from tissue which has been damaged. In a recent paper [6] ’hemolymph’ was extracted from live and dead (frozen) pupae to determine the effect on hygienic behavior; however, this was actuall ...
... exuded. This ’body fluid’ is composed of hemolymph, along with many fat body cells and other types of material from tissue which has been damaged. In a recent paper [6] ’hemolymph’ was extracted from live and dead (frozen) pupae to determine the effect on hygienic behavior; however, this was actuall ...
The proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme POH1 promotes the
... Figure 1 Identification of POH1 in the regulation of DSB-associated Ub conjugates. (A) Identification of POH1 in a screen of DUBs. Scatter plot of averaged Z-scores of FK2 luminescence readings from duplicate library screens of siRNA pools targeting the 103 known or predicted mammalian DUBs. Serum-sta ...
... Figure 1 Identification of POH1 in the regulation of DSB-associated Ub conjugates. (A) Identification of POH1 in a screen of DUBs. Scatter plot of averaged Z-scores of FK2 luminescence readings from duplicate library screens of siRNA pools targeting the 103 known or predicted mammalian DUBs. Serum-sta ...
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... that flank the V, D and J gene segments, and join cleaved ends by non-‐homologous end joining (NHEJ). After rearrangement is complete, cells become pre-‐B cells, expressing the Igμ h ...
... that flank the V, D and J gene segments, and join cleaved ends by non-‐homologous end joining (NHEJ). After rearrangement is complete, cells become pre-‐B cells, expressing the Igμ h ...
PP Chapter 15 Clicker
... What sets off a series of chemical reactions that result in the target cell’s response to a message? A. The opening of gap junctions. B. The binding of the message molecule to the receptor. C. A portion of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. D. Diffusion of material through the cell w ...
... What sets off a series of chemical reactions that result in the target cell’s response to a message? A. The opening of gap junctions. B. The binding of the message molecule to the receptor. C. A portion of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. D. Diffusion of material through the cell w ...
Vesicle Trafficking during Somatic Cytokinesis
... during early and/or late stages of cell plate formation. Genetic interference of the endocytic pathway during cytokinesis, using a dominant negative (GDP-locked) form of the Rab5 homolog ARA7, or overexpression of the C-terminal part of clathrin heavy chain inhibited FM4-64 internalization and cause ...
... during early and/or late stages of cell plate formation. Genetic interference of the endocytic pathway during cytokinesis, using a dominant negative (GDP-locked) form of the Rab5 homolog ARA7, or overexpression of the C-terminal part of clathrin heavy chain inhibited FM4-64 internalization and cause ...
PD-1 and Tim-3 Regulate the Expansion of
... Published OnlineFirst December 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2908 PD-1 and Tim-3 Regulate the Expansion of Vaccine-Induced CTL ...
... Published OnlineFirst December 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2908 PD-1 and Tim-3 Regulate the Expansion of Vaccine-Induced CTL ...
Cellular Receptors and Signal Transduction in Molluscan
... able to phagocytose heat killed E. coli (Fig. 1), and that such activity is inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent PKC (Fig. 2). These results suggest that phagocytosis of E. coli by snail hemocytes may occur through activation o ...
... able to phagocytose heat killed E. coli (Fig. 1), and that such activity is inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent PKC (Fig. 2). These results suggest that phagocytosis of E. coli by snail hemocytes may occur through activation o ...
Medullary thymic epithelial cell depletion leads to autoimmune
... Existing animal models with mutations that disrupt mTEC development and T cell selection have advanced our understanding of the role of mTECs in induction of central tolerance. However, as most of these mutations also affect the hematopoietic compartment, it is difficult to ascertain the individual ...
... Existing animal models with mutations that disrupt mTEC development and T cell selection have advanced our understanding of the role of mTECs in induction of central tolerance. However, as most of these mutations also affect the hematopoietic compartment, it is difficult to ascertain the individual ...
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... vitro into mature and functional vascular SMCs (VSMCs), and to some extent into CFs. Moreover, we show that these epicardial cells localise to the subepicardial space of developing chicken embryos and integrate into coronary vessels when injected into the extra-embryonic circulation. Together, these ...
... vitro into mature and functional vascular SMCs (VSMCs), and to some extent into CFs. Moreover, we show that these epicardial cells localise to the subepicardial space of developing chicken embryos and integrate into coronary vessels when injected into the extra-embryonic circulation. Together, these ...
Differentiation of Cardiac Myocytes after Mitogen Withdrawal
... DNA sequences recognized by myc are found at or near the initiation site of DNA replication (17). Recently, v-myc also was shown to impair cardiac differentiation and produce cardiac rhabdomyosarcomas in avian embryos (37). Together, these observations suggest that c-myc is intimately associated wit ...
... DNA sequences recognized by myc are found at or near the initiation site of DNA replication (17). Recently, v-myc also was shown to impair cardiac differentiation and produce cardiac rhabdomyosarcomas in avian embryos (37). Together, these observations suggest that c-myc is intimately associated wit ...
生醫奈米影像技術
... chemical damage and covalent modification. Upon transition from an excited singlet state to the excited triplet state, fluorophores may interact with another molecule to produce irreversible covalent modifications. The triplet state is relatively long-lived with respect to the singlet state, thus al ...
... chemical damage and covalent modification. Upon transition from an excited singlet state to the excited triplet state, fluorophores may interact with another molecule to produce irreversible covalent modifications. The triplet state is relatively long-lived with respect to the singlet state, thus al ...
Intercellular adhesion and cell separation in plants
... chance contact they do not fuse, but remain distinct. Likewise pollen tubes that germinate on an epidermal surface other than the stigma do not interact with it. However during flower formation in many species, fusion of floral organs such as carpels is part of the normal process of development. It ...
... chance contact they do not fuse, but remain distinct. Likewise pollen tubes that germinate on an epidermal surface other than the stigma do not interact with it. However during flower formation in many species, fusion of floral organs such as carpels is part of the normal process of development. It ...
Dual Fatty Acid Synthase and HER2 Signaling
... breast carcinoma cells. The hypothesis is that blocking FASN, in combination with antiHER2 signaling agents, would be an effective antitumor strategy in preclinical HER2+ breast cancer models of trastuzumab and lapatinib resistance. We developed and molecularly characterized in vitro HER2+ models of ...
... breast carcinoma cells. The hypothesis is that blocking FASN, in combination with antiHER2 signaling agents, would be an effective antitumor strategy in preclinical HER2+ breast cancer models of trastuzumab and lapatinib resistance. We developed and molecularly characterized in vitro HER2+ models of ...
Commentary in EMBO Journal
... versus non-canonical is driven by historical precedent above all else. For the purposes of this discussion, the canonical autophagy pathway is characterized by a complex series of membrane biogenetic steps that result in formation of the autophagosome (i.e. the structure that engulfs and sequesters ...
... versus non-canonical is driven by historical precedent above all else. For the purposes of this discussion, the canonical autophagy pathway is characterized by a complex series of membrane biogenetic steps that result in formation of the autophagosome (i.e. the structure that engulfs and sequesters ...
A New Paradigm in Cellular Biology Gerson, Ling, Cope, Sodi
... layer is less structured than the second and so on. It is not known exactly how many layers of structured water molecules there are. Water molecules most distant from the macromolecules are most random and, most like free liquid water, although even this water is probably somewhat structured. The ...
... layer is less structured than the second and so on. It is not known exactly how many layers of structured water molecules there are. Water molecules most distant from the macromolecules are most random and, most like free liquid water, although even this water is probably somewhat structured. The ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.