Chromatin plasticity in pluripotent cells
... less) than the potential to become any cell type, gene expression in pluripotent cells can be viewed as a ‘catalogue’ and transcriptional activity as an open ‘index’ awaiting a choice of ‘product/service’ to be made in order for the appropriate page to open. When cells differentiate, some pages are ...
... less) than the potential to become any cell type, gene expression in pluripotent cells can be viewed as a ‘catalogue’ and transcriptional activity as an open ‘index’ awaiting a choice of ‘product/service’ to be made in order for the appropriate page to open. When cells differentiate, some pages are ...
Inductive asymmetric cell division
... transcription factor POP-1, a homolog of the TCF (T-cell absence of Src-signaling. These findings suggested that these two factor) transcription factor.1,8,9 POP-1/TCF can function as a asymmetries are regulated independently. Recent work indicates that the cortical asymmetry of WRM-1 transcriptiona ...
... transcription factor POP-1, a homolog of the TCF (T-cell absence of Src-signaling. These findings suggested that these two factor) transcription factor.1,8,9 POP-1/TCF can function as a asymmetries are regulated independently. Recent work indicates that the cortical asymmetry of WRM-1 transcriptiona ...
Tumor Heterogeneity
... pate that aneuploidy itself would result in variant formation, and indeed some aneuploid tumor lines are unstable (81), in our experience aneuploid mammary lines in vivo can be highly vari able or relatively stable (30, 57). Recent determinations of cell variant production rates have tended to direc ...
... pate that aneuploidy itself would result in variant formation, and indeed some aneuploid tumor lines are unstable (81), in our experience aneuploid mammary lines in vivo can be highly vari able or relatively stable (30, 57). Recent determinations of cell variant production rates have tended to direc ...
Role of E-cadherin and other cell adhesion molecules in survival
... specify the pluripotent state of both mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.9 Other regulatory cues, such as supporting cells,1,10,11 extracellular matrix,12,13 low oxygen culture,14,15 growth factors,16-18 small molecules19-23 and various signaling pathways24-29 have also been extensively studied ...
... specify the pluripotent state of both mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.9 Other regulatory cues, such as supporting cells,1,10,11 extracellular matrix,12,13 low oxygen culture,14,15 growth factors,16-18 small molecules19-23 and various signaling pathways24-29 have also been extensively studied ...
Tumor Heterogeneity - Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
... pate that aneuploidy itself would result in variant formation, and indeed some aneuploid tumor lines are unstable (81), in our experience aneuploid mammary lines in vivo can be highly vari able or relatively stable (30, 57). Recent determinations of cell variant production rates have tended to direc ...
... pate that aneuploidy itself would result in variant formation, and indeed some aneuploid tumor lines are unstable (81), in our experience aneuploid mammary lines in vivo can be highly vari able or relatively stable (30, 57). Recent determinations of cell variant production rates have tended to direc ...
pdf: Xu et al. 2008
... (A) Structures of the predicted FEI and ERECTA proteins. The percentage identities between the kinase or LRR N-terminal domains of FEI1 and FEI2 or FEI2 and ERECTA are indicated. aa, amino acids. (B) Cartoon of fei1, fei2-1, and fei2-2 alleles. Boxes represent exons (blue area represents the kinase ...
... (A) Structures of the predicted FEI and ERECTA proteins. The percentage identities between the kinase or LRR N-terminal domains of FEI1 and FEI2 or FEI2 and ERECTA are indicated. aa, amino acids. (B) Cartoon of fei1, fei2-1, and fei2-2 alleles. Boxes represent exons (blue area represents the kinase ...
Cell dynamics of folding in two
... right) — these were obtained as independent random values with a Gaussian distribution of zero mean and unit dispersion (thus defining the unit of temperature). These interaction energies are also shown in Table 1 of this paper and are merely an approximation to more realistic interaction energies b ...
... right) — these were obtained as independent random values with a Gaussian distribution of zero mean and unit dispersion (thus defining the unit of temperature). These interaction energies are also shown in Table 1 of this paper and are merely an approximation to more realistic interaction energies b ...
Lymphatic System Notes (1 of 3)
... Defense) T and B lymphocytes •Antigen (Ag)- any substance that causes an immune response in 3rd line of defense •Ex any pathogens plus haptens •Self antigens- part of our body, we don’t attack, but can be attacked if given to someone else ...
... Defense) T and B lymphocytes •Antigen (Ag)- any substance that causes an immune response in 3rd line of defense •Ex any pathogens plus haptens •Self antigens- part of our body, we don’t attack, but can be attacked if given to someone else ...
Secondary embryonic axis formation by
... To examine whether these micromeres are sufficient to restore an embryonic axis on their own, either 2d11 or 4d was transplanted to the position of 2d11 or 4d of a host embryo from which 2d11 and 4d had been ablated. The reconstituted embryos failed to restore an embryonic axis in either transplanta ...
... To examine whether these micromeres are sufficient to restore an embryonic axis on their own, either 2d11 or 4d was transplanted to the position of 2d11 or 4d of a host embryo from which 2d11 and 4d had been ablated. The reconstituted embryos failed to restore an embryonic axis in either transplanta ...
A Novel Recombinant Plasma Membrane
... pathways for nonlytic ATP release, we transfected pmeLUC into cells expressing the recombinant or native P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Both cell types release large amounts of ATP (100 –200 M) in response to P2X7R activation. This novel approach unveils a hitherto unsuspected nonlytic pathway for the rele ...
... pathways for nonlytic ATP release, we transfected pmeLUC into cells expressing the recombinant or native P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Both cell types release large amounts of ATP (100 –200 M) in response to P2X7R activation. This novel approach unveils a hitherto unsuspected nonlytic pathway for the rele ...
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... widespread candidature. The question papers are closely related and the relationships between them have been thoroughly established using our assessment expertise. All versions of the paper give assessment of equal standard. The content assessed by the examination papers and the type of questions is ...
... widespread candidature. The question papers are closely related and the relationships between them have been thoroughly established using our assessment expertise. All versions of the paper give assessment of equal standard. The content assessed by the examination papers and the type of questions is ...
Plant Nutrition: Root Transporters on the Move
... of AtPIP2;1 mutated in the diacidic export motif induced a strong reduction in the root hydraulic conductivity compared with wild-type plants (Sorieul et al., 2011). Because aquaporins form tetramers, it was proposed that the mutated AtPIP2;1 interacts with endogenous PIPs and induces ER retention o ...
... of AtPIP2;1 mutated in the diacidic export motif induced a strong reduction in the root hydraulic conductivity compared with wild-type plants (Sorieul et al., 2011). Because aquaporins form tetramers, it was proposed that the mutated AtPIP2;1 interacts with endogenous PIPs and induces ER retention o ...
Chemosensitivity of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells to
... selectively and rapidly accumulated by MCF-7 cells, resuiting in a high degree of DNA platination within the first few hours of drug exposure. However, when the drug-exposure period was long enough, platinum enrichment was not reflected in an overall difference in the cytotoxicity of compound I vs c ...
... selectively and rapidly accumulated by MCF-7 cells, resuiting in a high degree of DNA platination within the first few hours of drug exposure. However, when the drug-exposure period was long enough, platinum enrichment was not reflected in an overall difference in the cytotoxicity of compound I vs c ...
The first cell fate specification event in mouse development
... Maternal products in mice only need to function very transiently and are degraded early on during development (Li et al., 2010). By the 2-‐cell stage, over 90% of maternal RNAs has been degraded ...
... Maternal products in mice only need to function very transiently and are degraded early on during development (Li et al., 2010). By the 2-‐cell stage, over 90% of maternal RNAs has been degraded ...
Targeted CML therapy: controlling drug resistance, seeking cure
... A general predictive model that directly addresses resistance to targeted cancer therapy invokes three pretreatment parameters: tumor cell turnover rate, mutation rate, and effective tumor size [29]. When applied to CML, the prediction emerges that combining three targeted drugs with different spec ...
... A general predictive model that directly addresses resistance to targeted cancer therapy invokes three pretreatment parameters: tumor cell turnover rate, mutation rate, and effective tumor size [29]. When applied to CML, the prediction emerges that combining three targeted drugs with different spec ...
Peroxisome degradation requires catalytically active sterol
... homogenate) (Figure 5). After treatment of this membrane fraction with 1 M KCl or 0.1 M sodium carbonate followed by recentrifugation, GFP±Ugt51 was present in the soluble fraction, indicating peripheral binding to a membrane compartment (Figure 5). In contrast, treating the pellet with 1% Triton X- ...
... homogenate) (Figure 5). After treatment of this membrane fraction with 1 M KCl or 0.1 M sodium carbonate followed by recentrifugation, GFP±Ugt51 was present in the soluble fraction, indicating peripheral binding to a membrane compartment (Figure 5). In contrast, treating the pellet with 1% Triton X- ...
DRP1 family in cytokinesis and cell expansion
... adl1A-2 plants display defects in the development of leaf trichomes (leaf hairs). Arabidopsis leaf trichomes are unicellular structures that initially expand out of epidermal precursors and then form three or four branches (Figure 4A). Initiation and expansion of the third branch are suppressed comp ...
... adl1A-2 plants display defects in the development of leaf trichomes (leaf hairs). Arabidopsis leaf trichomes are unicellular structures that initially expand out of epidermal precursors and then form three or four branches (Figure 4A). Initiation and expansion of the third branch are suppressed comp ...
Lymphadenosis Benigna Cutis or Cutaneous Lymphoid Hyperplasia
... Although the pathogenesis of CLH remains unknown and most cases are idiopathic, certain drugs and long- term antigenic stimulation are implicated in many cases.[5] Other causes include arthropod bite, borrelia infection, as a postzoster phenomenon[6];in HIV infected individuals[7] or after tattoos, ...
... Although the pathogenesis of CLH remains unknown and most cases are idiopathic, certain drugs and long- term antigenic stimulation are implicated in many cases.[5] Other causes include arthropod bite, borrelia infection, as a postzoster phenomenon[6];in HIV infected individuals[7] or after tattoos, ...
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
... Biospherenitrogen is subjectedto rapid turnover, and because it is eventually lost as nitrogen into the atmosphere, its maintenance requires continuous replenishment with reduced nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen. Biological reduction of nitrogen to ammonia can be performed only by some prokaryotes ...
... Biospherenitrogen is subjectedto rapid turnover, and because it is eventually lost as nitrogen into the atmosphere, its maintenance requires continuous replenishment with reduced nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen. Biological reduction of nitrogen to ammonia can be performed only by some prokaryotes ...
Vol 1. Oral presentations. 6th International PGPR workshop
... the PGPB A. brasilense Cd in small alginate beads resulted in significantly increased growth of the microalga, when growing in synthetic or municipal wastewater. Dry and fresh weight, total number of cells, size of the microalgal colonies within the beads, number of microalgal cells per colony, and ...
... the PGPB A. brasilense Cd in small alginate beads resulted in significantly increased growth of the microalga, when growing in synthetic or municipal wastewater. Dry and fresh weight, total number of cells, size of the microalgal colonies within the beads, number of microalgal cells per colony, and ...
Origin, Early Patterning, and Fate of the Mouse Epiblast
... in culture for extended periods of time, expanded, reintroduced in an embryonic context, and found to contribute to all embryonic lineages (reviewed by Smith29). Their pluripotency corresponds to that of the epiblast at the late blastocyst stage, when it looses the ability to form PrE. They have bee ...
... in culture for extended periods of time, expanded, reintroduced in an embryonic context, and found to contribute to all embryonic lineages (reviewed by Smith29). Their pluripotency corresponds to that of the epiblast at the late blastocyst stage, when it looses the ability to form PrE. They have bee ...
Nucleolytic processing of aberrant replication intermediates by an
... We first examined Exo1 contribution to collapsed fork transitions by visualizing intermediates emanating from the ARS305 early replication origin (37). Wild-type (WT), exo1Δ, rad53-K227A (rad53) and rad53-K227A exo1Δ (rad53 exo1Δ) cells were released into a synchronous S phase in the presence of 200 ...
... We first examined Exo1 contribution to collapsed fork transitions by visualizing intermediates emanating from the ARS305 early replication origin (37). Wild-type (WT), exo1Δ, rad53-K227A (rad53) and rad53-K227A exo1Δ (rad53 exo1Δ) cells were released into a synchronous S phase in the presence of 200 ...
Myocardin-like protein 2 regulates TGF signaling in
... 2004; Du et al., 2003). In response to Rho/actin signaling, MKL1 and MKL2 localize to the nucleus where they physically associate with SRF and activate transcription of a subset of genes associated with cytoskeletal organization (Sotiropoulos et al., 1999). Two lines of genetically engineered mice t ...
... 2004; Du et al., 2003). In response to Rho/actin signaling, MKL1 and MKL2 localize to the nucleus where they physically associate with SRF and activate transcription of a subset of genes associated with cytoskeletal organization (Sotiropoulos et al., 1999). Two lines of genetically engineered mice t ...
Figure 6.1: Toluidine blue (TB) resin section illustrating the full
... combination of light and dark cells staining with the dark cells being slimmer and at times shorter than the neighbouring light cells (Fig. 6.4). The apical and basal cytoplasm was filled with PAS-positive (pink-staining) granules, giving these cells the appearance of slender goblet cells (Fig. 6.5) ...
... combination of light and dark cells staining with the dark cells being slimmer and at times shorter than the neighbouring light cells (Fig. 6.4). The apical and basal cytoplasm was filled with PAS-positive (pink-staining) granules, giving these cells the appearance of slender goblet cells (Fig. 6.5) ...
Mesoderm and ectoderm lineages in the crustacean Parhyale
... traditionally defined during gastrulation when embryonic cells are committed to a single germ layer. In some animals, germ layer commitment can be traced through cell lineages well before gastrulation and stereotypical cleavage patterns are tightly linked to cell fate. In these animals, gastrulation ...
... traditionally defined during gastrulation when embryonic cells are committed to a single germ layer. In some animals, germ layer commitment can be traced through cell lineages well before gastrulation and stereotypical cleavage patterns are tightly linked to cell fate. In these animals, gastrulation ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.