Roles of ATR1 paralogs YMR279c and YOR378w in boron
... for their roles in boron tolerance. However, when their primary structures are considered, Ymr279c and Yor378w show 65% and 40% homology to Atr1, respectively. The N-terminal region is the most heterogenous part in all three proteins (Fig. S1). In spite of the similarities in their ORFs, they do not ...
... for their roles in boron tolerance. However, when their primary structures are considered, Ymr279c and Yor378w show 65% and 40% homology to Atr1, respectively. The N-terminal region is the most heterogenous part in all three proteins (Fig. S1). In spite of the similarities in their ORFs, they do not ...
Ultrastructure of the Pulmonary Alveolar Cells of Rats Exposed to
... Abstract: The ultrastructural pulmonary changes which can be induced by Arabian incense, Ma'amoul (mixing incense) exposure was investigated in the present study. Two groups of Wister albino rats were used, one group (n=16) was exposed to 420 g of Ma'amoul for 14 weeks at the rate of 4 g/day in the ...
... Abstract: The ultrastructural pulmonary changes which can be induced by Arabian incense, Ma'amoul (mixing incense) exposure was investigated in the present study. Two groups of Wister albino rats were used, one group (n=16) was exposed to 420 g of Ma'amoul for 14 weeks at the rate of 4 g/day in the ...
Examiners` Report - Edexcel
... Overall, many candidate’s failure to read questions carefully and actually use information presented on the question paper cost many candidates vital marks. There was evidence of a good understanding of the ultrastructure of the cell, with knowledge of the roles of the different organelles, especial ...
... Overall, many candidate’s failure to read questions carefully and actually use information presented on the question paper cost many candidates vital marks. There was evidence of a good understanding of the ultrastructure of the cell, with knowledge of the roles of the different organelles, especial ...
FGF1 inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via an
... these cell lines for the expression of bcl-2, a classical repressed target gene of p53 (Figure 1c). We tried to confirm that FGF1 mRNA regulation was p53-dependent by inducing p53 activation in an independent manner, using etoposide in REtsAF cells. Etoposide, like temperature shift, induces the acti ...
... these cell lines for the expression of bcl-2, a classical repressed target gene of p53 (Figure 1c). We tried to confirm that FGF1 mRNA regulation was p53-dependent by inducing p53 activation in an independent manner, using etoposide in REtsAF cells. Etoposide, like temperature shift, induces the acti ...
SMN, the Product of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Gene, Binds
... SMN can discriminate between the RG domains from different proteins (Friesen and Dreyfuss, 2000), and arginine methylation now emerges as a new mechanism for enhancing SMN substrate selection. Our view that protein arginine methylation is a general mechanism by which high-affinity Sm protein substra ...
... SMN can discriminate between the RG domains from different proteins (Friesen and Dreyfuss, 2000), and arginine methylation now emerges as a new mechanism for enhancing SMN substrate selection. Our view that protein arginine methylation is a general mechanism by which high-affinity Sm protein substra ...
molbiolcell.org
... in gastrulation and mesoderm formation (Alisch et al., 2007). However, it remained possible that Ago2 is supplied maternally for functions in the early embryo (from Ago2⫹/⫺ mothers). Alternatively, its function could be substituted by one of the other members of the Argonaute family. We addressed th ...
... in gastrulation and mesoderm formation (Alisch et al., 2007). However, it remained possible that Ago2 is supplied maternally for functions in the early embryo (from Ago2⫹/⫺ mothers). Alternatively, its function could be substituted by one of the other members of the Argonaute family. We addressed th ...
Somite dorsoventral polarity - Development
... In the experiments reported here we have repeated a classic somite rotation experiment of Aoyama and Asamoto and analyzed the resulting tissue by morphogenesis and in situ hybridization. Six chimeric embryos gave somite development patterns corresponding to the predicted pattern: (1) somites that we ...
... In the experiments reported here we have repeated a classic somite rotation experiment of Aoyama and Asamoto and analyzed the resulting tissue by morphogenesis and in situ hybridization. Six chimeric embryos gave somite development patterns corresponding to the predicted pattern: (1) somites that we ...
pitx3 defines an equivalence domain for lens and anterior pituitary
... overexpression of shh does not increase median pituitary placode size nor does it upregulate patched (ptc) expression in pituitary precursors during early somitogenesis. Our study suggests that by the end of gastrulation, pitx3expressing cells constitute an equivalence domain of cells that can form ...
... overexpression of shh does not increase median pituitary placode size nor does it upregulate patched (ptc) expression in pituitary precursors during early somitogenesis. Our study suggests that by the end of gastrulation, pitx3expressing cells constitute an equivalence domain of cells that can form ...
figure 1 - Open Biology
... The accurate segregation of replicated genomes into daughter cells during cell division is a prerequisite for life in all three domains of life: Archaea, bacteria, Eukaryota. The segregation process is essentially a mechanochemical problem in that the chromosomes, which have mass, need to be pulled ...
... The accurate segregation of replicated genomes into daughter cells during cell division is a prerequisite for life in all three domains of life: Archaea, bacteria, Eukaryota. The segregation process is essentially a mechanochemical problem in that the chromosomes, which have mass, need to be pulled ...
β-catenin controls differentiation of the retinal pigment epithelium in
... and maturation follows, resulting in dramatic morphological, structural and functional changes (Rizzolo, 2007; Strauss, 2005). Interestingly, the RPE fate is reversible for several days following the initial activation of differentiation, as evidenced by a propensity to downregulate RPE-specific gen ...
... and maturation follows, resulting in dramatic morphological, structural and functional changes (Rizzolo, 2007; Strauss, 2005). Interestingly, the RPE fate is reversible for several days following the initial activation of differentiation, as evidenced by a propensity to downregulate RPE-specific gen ...
Cellular source and molecular form of TNF specify
... cells. The cooperation of the lymphoid cells within secondary lymphoid organs dramatically increases the probability of interactions of rare B, T, and antigen-presenting cells that result in effective generation of humoral immune responses (reviewed in Fu and Chaplin,1 Mebius,2 and Allen et al3). Tu ...
... cells. The cooperation of the lymphoid cells within secondary lymphoid organs dramatically increases the probability of interactions of rare B, T, and antigen-presenting cells that result in effective generation of humoral immune responses (reviewed in Fu and Chaplin,1 Mebius,2 and Allen et al3). Tu ...
Microfabrication in Biology and Medicine
... choice. It is not optically transparent, preventing the use of transmission microscopy, and its cost can potentially be too large for disposable devices. Glass Although the range of micromachining processes for glass is less extensive than for silicon, glass provides some unique features, most notab ...
... choice. It is not optically transparent, preventing the use of transmission microscopy, and its cost can potentially be too large for disposable devices. Glass Although the range of micromachining processes for glass is less extensive than for silicon, glass provides some unique features, most notab ...
Caveolae as potential macromolecule trafficking
... extracellular environment (Fig. 1a). At least in endothelial cells caveolae-like vesicles may also be observed as fused lines or clusters of vesicles at the plasmalemma [7]. The term ‘‘smooth coated’’ or ‘‘non-coated’’ vesicles has long been used to contrast them with the electron-dense cytoplasmic ...
... extracellular environment (Fig. 1a). At least in endothelial cells caveolae-like vesicles may also be observed as fused lines or clusters of vesicles at the plasmalemma [7]. The term ‘‘smooth coated’’ or ‘‘non-coated’’ vesicles has long been used to contrast them with the electron-dense cytoplasmic ...
HESI/ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute
... How do APD/EADs perturb QT duration or morphology alterations (e.g. TdP) ? Rate dynamicity- is this important? Does it matter how you change the rate? Is there an optimal heart rate correction factor for QT interval (e.g. QTc)? Is the beat to beat variance of QT a more relevant evaluation? How are ...
... How do APD/EADs perturb QT duration or morphology alterations (e.g. TdP) ? Rate dynamicity- is this important? Does it matter how you change the rate? Is there an optimal heart rate correction factor for QT interval (e.g. QTc)? Is the beat to beat variance of QT a more relevant evaluation? How are ...
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters
... cell death.6 Gene rearrangement in the MLL gene at chromosome 11q23 is frequently observed in chemotherapy-associated leukemias.7,8 The break cluster region in this gene has been shown to coincide with the DNA cleavage sites specifically induced by topo II inhibitors in vivo.9,10 Although only one t ...
... cell death.6 Gene rearrangement in the MLL gene at chromosome 11q23 is frequently observed in chemotherapy-associated leukemias.7,8 The break cluster region in this gene has been shown to coincide with the DNA cleavage sites specifically induced by topo II inhibitors in vivo.9,10 Although only one t ...
Quantitative analysis of changes in spatial distribution and plus
... The effect of cell-plate assembly matrix association on microtubule plus ends is illustrated graphically in Fig. 3 and quantitatively in Fig. 4. In Fig. 3, the microtubule plus-end types are shown as colored dots (yellow, blunt ends; green, extended ends; red, horned ends; blue, flared ends). The hi ...
... The effect of cell-plate assembly matrix association on microtubule plus ends is illustrated graphically in Fig. 3 and quantitatively in Fig. 4. In Fig. 3, the microtubule plus-end types are shown as colored dots (yellow, blunt ends; green, extended ends; red, horned ends; blue, flared ends). The hi ...
A Role for the Cytoskeleton in Heart Looping
... the dorsal mesocardium. Mechanisms of MMP-2’s role may relate to activation of factors at the membrane or the release of growth factors or growth factor-like domains from the ECM that can then bind to cell surface receptors. The precise definition of the MMP mechanism remains among areas for future ...
... the dorsal mesocardium. Mechanisms of MMP-2’s role may relate to activation of factors at the membrane or the release of growth factors or growth factor-like domains from the ECM that can then bind to cell surface receptors. The precise definition of the MMP mechanism remains among areas for future ...
Isolation of obligately alkaliphilic magnetotactic bacteria from
... MTB truly require highly alkaline conditions and are not simply surviving/growing in neutral pH micro-niches in their natural habitats. Alkaliphilic bacteria have a number of physiological problems to deal with living in such a harsh environment including keeping their intracellular pH around neutr ...
... MTB truly require highly alkaline conditions and are not simply surviving/growing in neutral pH micro-niches in their natural habitats. Alkaliphilic bacteria have a number of physiological problems to deal with living in such a harsh environment including keeping their intracellular pH around neutr ...
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... Fig. S2B). Finally, genetic removal of Gαo replicated the Gαo downregulation data (Fig. 2A), resulting in a strong reduction in bouton numbers and aberrant NMJ morphology (Fig. 2C, compare with Fig. 1A-F); presynaptic re-expression of Gαo was able to rescue the Gαo−/− defects (supplementary material ...
... Fig. S2B). Finally, genetic removal of Gαo replicated the Gαo downregulation data (Fig. 2A), resulting in a strong reduction in bouton numbers and aberrant NMJ morphology (Fig. 2C, compare with Fig. 1A-F); presynaptic re-expression of Gαo was able to rescue the Gαo−/− defects (supplementary material ...
Evolutionary Developmental Biology and Vertebrate Head
... generative constraint (reviewed by Wagner 1994). This concept, in the present context, can be defined as the specific morphogenetic patterning effect imposed onto a tissue that does not possess its own morphological patterns per se. Since all the developmental processes are causally linked, every pa ...
... generative constraint (reviewed by Wagner 1994). This concept, in the present context, can be defined as the specific morphogenetic patterning effect imposed onto a tissue that does not possess its own morphological patterns per se. Since all the developmental processes are causally linked, every pa ...
Chemical genetics discloses the importance of heme
... Olinger et al. 2003, Maurer, Mehlitz et al. 2007, Engström, Bailey et al. 2010, Rosario and Tan 2012). Upon induction of stress such as nutrition and energy limitation chlamydiae enters a form were DNA replication continues and bacteria become enlarged, however, the aberrant RBs are unable to divide ...
... Olinger et al. 2003, Maurer, Mehlitz et al. 2007, Engström, Bailey et al. 2010, Rosario and Tan 2012). Upon induction of stress such as nutrition and energy limitation chlamydiae enters a form were DNA replication continues and bacteria become enlarged, however, the aberrant RBs are unable to divide ...
Paradigm Shifts In Neural Induction - Works
... different manners, and prior to 1995, it had been thought that the instructions to form these two types of nervous systems were very different. We now know that the instructions for specifying which region. of the ectoderm is to form neural tissue are remar kably similar between these two highly div ...
... different manners, and prior to 1995, it had been thought that the instructions to form these two types of nervous systems were very different. We now know that the instructions for specifying which region. of the ectoderm is to form neural tissue are remar kably similar between these two highly div ...
Plasticity in Cell Division Patterns and Auxin
... In Arabidopsis thaliana, zygotic embryo divisions are highly regular, but it is not clear how embryo patterning is established in species or culture systems with irregular cell divisions. We investigated this using the Brassica napus microspore embryogenesis system, where the male gametophyte is rep ...
... In Arabidopsis thaliana, zygotic embryo divisions are highly regular, but it is not clear how embryo patterning is established in species or culture systems with irregular cell divisions. We investigated this using the Brassica napus microspore embryogenesis system, where the male gametophyte is rep ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi Bodies, Mitochondria
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.